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EYE BLINK SENSOR & ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Abstract:
Description:
The Objective of this project is to develop a system to keep the vehicle secure and
protect it by the occupation of the intruders.
Scope:
We cant take care of ours while in running by less conscious. If we done
all the vehicles with automated security system that provides high security to driver, also
gives alarm.
Fnction:
This project involves measure and controls the eye blink using I sensor.
The I transmitter is used to transmit the infrared rays in our eye. The I receiver is used
to receive the reflected infrared rays of eye. If the eye is closed means the output of I
receiver is high otherwise the I receiver output is low. This to know the eye is closing or
opening position. This output is give to logic circuit to indicate the alarm.
This project involves controlling accident due to unconscious through !ye
blink. "ere one eye blink sensor is fi#ed in vehicle where if anybody looses conscious
and indicate through alarm.
$
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CONTENTS
$. Introduction %%....%%%%%%.%%%%%%%%%%%%..%%&
'. (ystem )odel%%.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.%%.*
'.$ +asic )odel of The (ystem %%.%..%%%%%%%%..%%.*
'.' ircuit -iagram %%.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..%%...
'./ 0arts of The (ystem %%%%%%%%%%...%%%..%%%..1
'./.$ I (ensing ircuit%%%..%%.%%%..%%%%%%.1
'./.' 2larm ircuit%%..%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$$
'././ 3)/4 omparator%%%%.%%%%%%%%%%.$/
/. "ardware -escription%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..%%%.. $5
/.$ )icrocontroller 62T1(4'7%%%%%%%%%%%..%%%..$&
/.' 3i8uid rystal -isplay%.%%..%%%%%%%%%%%%.. $
/./ 0ower (upply%.%%%%%%%.%%%%%%%.%%%%.'9
5. (oftware%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.%%%..''
5. $ Introduction to :!I3%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.%%%. ''
5.' What is ;....................................................................''
5./ (ource ode%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..'/
4. onclusion%%.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..%.'*&. eferences%%.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'*
'
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!"Intro#ction
Driving to save lives, time, and money in spite of the conditions around you andthe actions of others.-This is the slogan for -efensive -riving.
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$"S%ste 'o#e(:
$"!" Basic 'o#e( o) t*e S%ste:
The block diagram depicts the total blue print of the proposed project. The total essence
and the functioning of the project is represented in a single block diagram. The block
diagram mainly consists of 5 parts. They include
3)/4 omparator
!ye +link (ensor
3-
94$ )icrocontroler
+u??er
5
L'+,-
Coparator
E%e B(in.
Sensor
-/,!
'icrocontro((e
r
LCD
B00er
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$"$"Circit Dia1ra:
4
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$"+"Parts O) T*e S%ste:
$"+"!"IR Sensin1 Circit:
Infrared transmitter is one type of 3!- which emits infrared rays generally called
as I Transmitter. (imilarly I eceiver is used to receive the I rays transmitted by the
I transmitter. One important point is both I transmitter and receiver should be placed
straight line to each other.
The transmitted signal is given to I transmitter whenever the signal is high, the
I transmitter 3!- is conducting it passes the I rays to the receiver. The I receiver is
connected with comparator. The comparator is constructed with 3) /4 operational
amplifier. In the comparator circuit the reference voltage is given to inverting input
&
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terminal. The non inverting input terminal is connected I receiver. When interrupt the
I rays between the I transmitter and receiver, the I receiver is not conducting. (o the
comparator non inverting input terminal voltage is higher then inverting input. =ow the
comparator output is in the range of B4
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$"+"$"!"B00er:
2 b00eror beeperis a signalling device, usually electronic, typically used in
automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows. It mostcommonly consists of a number of switches or sensors connected to a control unit that
determines if and which button was pushed or a preset time has lapsed, and usually
illuminates a light on the appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a warning in the
form of a continuous or intermittent bu??ing or beeping sound. Initially this device was
based on an electromechanical system which was identical to an electric bell without the
metal gong 6which makes the ringing noise7.
Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling and used the ceiling or wall as
a sounding board. 2nother implementation with some 2Aconnected devices was to
implement a circuit to make the 2 current into a noise loud enough to drive a
loudspeaker and hook this circuit up to a cheap Aohm speaker. =owadays, it is more
popular to use a ceramicAbased pie?oelectric sounder like a (onalert which makes a highA
pitched tone. Dsually these were hooked up to EdriverE circuits which varied the pitch of
the sound or pulsed the sound on and off.
$"+"$"$Circit #escription:
The circuit is designed to control the bu??er. The bu??er O= and OFF is
controlled by the pair of switching transistors 6+ 45*7. The bu??er is connected in the
G' transistor collector terminal.
When high pulse signal is given to base of the G$ transistors, the transistor is
conducting and close the collector and emitter terminal so ?ero signals is given to base of
the G' transistor. "ence G' transistor and bu??er is turned OFF state.
When low pulse is given to base of transistor G$ transistor, the transistor is
turned OFF. =ow $'v is given to base of G' transistor so the transistor is conducting and
bu??er is energi?ed and produces the sound signal.
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+"2ar#3are Description:
$9
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+"!"AT-4C,! 'icrocontro((er:
)icrocontroller is a general purpose device, which integrates a number of thecomponents of a microprocessor system on to single chip. It has inbuilt 0D, memory
and peripherals to make it as a mini computer. 2 microcontroller combines on to the
same microchip
The 0D core
)emory6both O) and 2)7
(ome parallel digital iLo
)icrocontrollers will combine other devices such as
2 timer module to allow the microcontroller to perform tasks for certain time
periods.
2 serial ILO port to allow data to flow between the controller and other
devices such as a 0I or another microcontroller.
2n 2- to allow the microcontroller to accept analogue input data for
processing.
)icrocontrollers are
(maller in si?e
onsumes less power
Ine#pensive
)icro controller is a stand alone unit, which can perform functions on its own
without any re8uirement for additional hardware like ILO ports and e#ternal memory.
The heart of the microcontroller is the 0D core. In the past, this has traditionally been
based on a Abit microprocessor unit. For e#ample )otorola uses a basic &99
microprocessor core in their &94L&9 microcontroller devices.
In the recent years, microcontrollers have been developed around specifically
designed 0D cores, for e#ample the microchip 0I range of microcontrollers.
$$
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2T14$ is the 59 pins, bit )icrocontroller manufactured by 2tmel group. It is
the flash type reprogrammable memory. 2dvantage of this flash memory is we can erase
the program with in few minutes. It has 5kb on chip O) and $' bytes internal 2)
and /' ILO pin as arranged as port 9 to port / each has bit bin .0ort 9 contain data
line6-9A-*7 as well as low order address line62OA2*7.
0ort ' contain higher order address line 62A2$47. 0ort / contains special
purpose register such as serial input receiver register (+DF, interrupt I=T9,I=T$ and
timers T9 , T$many of the pins have multi functions which can be used as general
purpose ILO pins 6or7 (pecial purpose function can be decided by the programmer itself. M
+"!"!Featres:
5: +ytes of InA(ystem eprogrammable Flash )emory
!ndurance $,999 WriteL!rase ycles
Fully (tatic Operation 9 "? to '5 )"?
ThreeA3evel 0rogram )emory 3ock
$' # A+it Internal 2)
/' 0rogrammable ILO 3ines
Two $&A+it TimerLounters
(i# Interrupt (ources
0rogrammable (erial hannel
3ow 0ower Idle and 0ower -own )odes
$'
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+"!"+ PIN DIA5RA' OF -4C,!:
$/
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+"$"Li6i# Cr%sta( Disp(a% 7LCD8:
2n 3- consists of two glass panels, with the li8uid crystal material
sand witched in between them. The inner surface of the glass plates are coated with
transparent electrodes which define the character, symbols or patterns to be displayed
polymeric layers are present in between the electrodes and the li8uid crystal, which
makes the li8uid crystal molecules to maintain a defined orientation angle.
One each polarisers are pasted outside the two glass panels. These
polarisers would rotate the light rays passing through them to a definite angle, in aparticular direction
When the 3- is in the off state, light rays are rotated by the two
polarisers and the li8uid crystal, such that the light rays come out of the 3- without any
orientation, and hence the 3- appears transparent.
When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the li8uid crystal
molecules would be aligned in a specific direction. The light rays passing through the
3- would be rotated by the polarisers, which would result in activating L highlighting
the desired characters.
The 3-s are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness. (ince
the 3-s consume less power, they are compatible with low power electronic circuits,
and can be powered for long durations.
The 3-s dont generate light and so light is needed to read the display. +y using
backlighting, reading is possible in the dark. The 3-s have long life and a wide
operating temperature range. hanging the display si?e or the layout si?e is relatively
simple which makes the 3-s more customer friendly.
$5
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+"$"!"Intro#ction:
Fi1" LCD Disp(a%
The 3- display consists of two lines, '9 characters per line that is interfaced
with the 0I$&F*/.The protocol 6handshaking7 for the display is as shown in Fig. The
display contains two internal byteAwide registers, one for commands 6(N97 and thesecond for characters to be displayed 6(N$7. It also contains a userAprogrammed
2) area 6the character 2)7 that can be programmed to generate any desired
character that can be formed using a dot matri#. To distinguish between these two data
areas, the he# command byte 9 will be used to signify that the display 2) address
99h will be chosen 0ort$ is used to furnish the command or data type, and ports /.' to
/.5 furnish register select and readLwrite levels.
+"$"+"Pin Dia1ra
The 0in diagram for 3- is shown in the following fig 4.* and the pin
description is also e#plained in Table 4.
+"+"PO9ER SPPLY:
$4
C=
-B4
v
e# Vo(ta1e Re1(ator
Fi1":Circit Dia1ra o) Po3er Spp(%
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Intro#ction to 'icro @ision Kei( 7IDE8
:eil is a cross compiler. (o first we have to understand the concept of compilers andcross compilers. 2fter then we shall learn how to work with keil.
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!ye +link
," Conc(sion:
This project is very used to provide the easy access to maintain the attendance. In
this project FI- card is used as employee or student I- card. This project is very useful
to the company and office in order to maintain the employee attendance. 2ttendance is
maintained in the data base in 0. (o we can easily cross verify the attendance. In this
project we can maintain the employee I= and Out time. We can also use this project in
school and college to maintain the attendance of the student. (o this project improves the
security performance because we cannot make the duplicate FI- card.
;" Re)erences:
333"1oo1(e"co
333"3i.ipe#ia"or1
333"ebe##e#circits"co
-/,! 'icrocontro((er Cop(ete Re)erence +r#E#ition
2an#boo. on #i))erent #isp(a%s"
E(ectronic De@ice an# Circits 'i((an
E(ectronic Circit Ana(%sis K"Srirni@asan
'9
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.embeddedcircuits.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.embeddedcircuits.com/