Expository Expository Text Text
StructuresStructures
Narrative vs. ExpositoryNarrative vs. Expository
“Begin at the beginning,’ the king said gravely,’ and go till you come to the end; then stop.’”
Lewis CarrollAlice’s Adventures in Wonderland
(1865), p. 12
Table of ContentsChaptersHeadingsGraphicsIndex
Increased interest in non-Increased interest in non-fictionfiction
Information AgeInformation Age 70 – 80% of 70 – 80% of
standardized standardized reading test reading test contentcontent
22 Research Studies22 Research Studies– Preferred by boysPreferred by boys– Preferred by remedial Preferred by remedial
studentsstudents– Students response Students response
“primarily to learn new “primarily to learn new things”things”
Moss, Barbara, Teaching expository text structures. The Reading Teacher. May 2004. p 710Carter, Betty and Richard Abrahamson, Nonfiction for Young Adults: From Delight to Wisdom. 1990
DescriptiveDescriptive
Enumerative ListingsEnumerative Listings
the following alsothen in additionanother furthermorefinally likewisebesides as well asseveral somemany a few
SequenceSequence
first nextsecond untilthird whilelast soonthen afterat that time nowduring immediatelyfinally
That’s a FactThat’s a Fact
Give Me 5
Cover – title, written and illustrated by
CopyrightThumb PointerTall manRing manPinky
Starving in a Land of Plenty
Fall,1804
Pvt. George Shannon
Lost for two weeks
Tried to catch up with keelboat
Ran out of bullets
Ate grapes
Shot rabbit
Sat on shore
Keelboat arrived
soonthenafterat that timenowduringImmediatelyfinally
firstnextseconduntilthirdwhilelast
Comparison/ContrastComparison/Contrasthowever even thoughbut on the contraryyet otherwisedespite in comparisonstill on the other hand
Cause and EffectCause and Effectfor this reason thusin order to as a resultbecause consequentlyso that on account ofthereforeaccordingly
Problem and Solution Problem and Solution
problemsolutionbecausecausesinceas a resultso that
PRIMARY SOVRCESPRIMARY SOVRCES
Authentic documents and artifactsAuthentic documents and artifacts Primary goal is for students to feel as Primary goal is for students to feel as
if they are back in time themselves if they are back in time themselves Look for clues – annotate the textLook for clues – annotate the text Illustrate a quoteIllustrate a quote
Primary Sources Instructor, Monica Edinger, November/December 2001
November 06, 1804November 06, 1804William Clark William Clark
last night late we wer last night late we wer awoke by the Sergeant awoke by the Sergeant of the Guard to See a of the Guard to See a Northern light, which Northern light, which was light, (but) not was light, (but) not red, and appeared to red, and appeared to Darken and Some Darken and Some times nearly obscured, times nearly obscured, and open, ... many and open, ... many times appeared in light times appeared in light Streeks, and at other Streeks, and at other times a great Space times a great Space light & containing light & containing floating collomns floating collomns which appeared to which appeared to approach each other & approach each other & retreat leaveing the retreat leaveing the lighter space at no lighter space at no time of the Same time of the Same appearanceappearance
Capitals are used (or not) at random
They doubled letters (or didn’t double them) differently than we do
Punctuation is used or not at irregular times
We need to use context clues because words may have different meanings
An ‘e’ was either added or left off of the end of the word
“The Musquetoes uncommonly
troublesome.” July 02, 1805
Meriwether Lewis
“at day light this morning we we[re] awoke by the discharge of the fire arm[s] of all our party & a
Selute, Shouts and a Song”
December 25, 1805William Clark
... frost last night, ... we Saw the Tracks of white bear which was verry large,
October 07, 1804 William Clark
These are the best looking Indians I have ever seen. ... They are the most cleanly Indians I have ever seen on the voyage; as well as the most friendly and industrious.
October 11, 1804 Patrick Gass
Vocabulary Development Vocabulary Development
WordWord Word used in context Word used in context
or or
Definition Definition
Picture Picture Word used in original Word used in original sentencesentence
Statue in St. Louis commemorating Lewis, Clark, Sacagawea, and Seaman
"about 12 oClock we arived in Site of St Louis fired three Rounds as we approached the Town and landed [opposite] the center of the Town, the people gathred on the Shore and [gave] three cheers. we . . . [are] much rejoiced that we have the Expedition Completed and now we look for boarding in Town and wait for our Settlement and then we entend to return to our native homes to See our parents once more as we have been so long from them."
John Ordway, September 23, 1806