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© Crown copyright Met Office
Experience with the initialisation of MOGREPS-UK
Warren Tennant, Christine Johnson, Nigel Roberts, Anne McCabe and
Richard Swinbank 35th EWGLAM & 20th SRNWP Meetings, Antalya, Turkey, 30th Sep – 3rd Oct 2013
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Contents
• MOGREPS-UK configuration
• Impact of driving model
• Relative costs/benefits of single/two-tiered nesting
• Issues with LBCs and nesting
• Initialisation of different scales
• Methods to initialise LAM
• Verification results and case studies
• New developments: Stoch Phys; ENDGame
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MOGREPS-UK Configuration
• 2.2km variable resolution
• 12-member ensemble
• Run to T+36h 4xdaily at 03/ 09/ 15/ 21Z
• Nested in 33km MOGREPS-G
• Hourly LBCs
• Based on 1.5km UKV physics
• 75-sec time-step
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Resolution of driving model (background)
• MOGREPS-UK was driven by MOGREPS-R (18km) until Jan 2013
• Upgraded to run directly from MOGREPS-G (33km)
• Alternative was to run MOGREPS-G (40km) and MOGREPS-EU (12km), but maintenance concerns and verification scores pointed to a single nesting strategy
Driving model
MOGREPS-G (60km) + MOGREPS-R (18km)
MOGREPS-G (33km)
MOGREPS-G (40km) + MOGREPS-EU (12km)
CPU cost (IBM P7)
20min – 3 nodes 30min – 1 node
30min – 6 nodes 20min – 6 nodes + 10min – 6 nodes
Age of LBC
T+9h T+3h T+9h
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Resolution of driving model
• Lower RMSE in MSLP when driven from 33km global model than 18km regional model
• MOGREPS-R (18km) verification scores for MSLP poorer than global model (since model is tuned for surface weather parameters)
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Resolution of driving model
• Runtime of MOGREPS-UK increased by several minutes when changed to being driven by MOGREPS-G
• After some investigation it appears to be related to the relatively larger jump in resolution and increased iterations of GCR solver
• Tests to increase rim-width, orography blending zone, LBC frequency and GCR solver tolerance had little benefit and increased cost
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
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MOGREPS-R (18km) MOGREPS-R (24km) N400 (32km) N512 (25km)
CPU times of MOGREPS-UK
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Impact of driving model: Summary
• Direct nesting of MOGREPS-UK in MOGREPS-G (33km) is chosen over a 2-tiered nesting strategy with MOGREPS-R:
• Verification scores are improved for all parameters (except T2m)
• LBCs used are from a more recent global run (6h)
• Equivalent computer resource cost [40km global + 12km regional == 33km global]
• Need to maintain only two model configurations/suites instead of three
• Spin-up and model stability do not appear to be a problem but there are some issues at the boundary which are largely cosmetic
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Initialising MOGREPS-UK
1. Direct downscaling
• Interpolate each global ensemble member at T+3h
2. Cycle initial conditions
• Only update LBCs at each forecast cycle
• Merge in new LBCs over 1-hour (for a smoother transition)
3. Add large-scale perturbations to cycled IC
• Update LBCs (as in 2 above)
• Add interpolated T+3h global perturbations for selected fields
4. Add large-scale perturbations to UKV analysis
• Interpolate 1.5km UKV analysis (valid at global T+3h)
• Add interpolated global perturbations for selected fields
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Initialisation: Delta-MSLP
Cycled IC : LBC inconsistency Cycled IC : Merged LBCs
• With cycled Initial Conditions (ICs) the change in LBCs from the new driving model cycle must be merged carefully
• Inconsistency between Initial Conditions and LBCs generates gravity waves that radiate in from the boundary
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Initialisation :: Delta-MSLP Timestep 1
Downscaled Cycled IC
L/S Perts + cycled IC L/S Perts + UKV
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Initialisation :: Delta-MSLP Timestep 2
Downscaled Cycled IC
L/S Perts + cycled IC L/S Perts + UKV
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Initialisation :: Delta-MSLP Timestep 3
Downscaled Cycled IC
L/S Perts + cycled IC L/S Perts + UKV
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Initialisation :: Delta-MSLP Timestep 4
Downscaled Cycled IC
L/S Perts + cycled IC L/S Perts + UKV
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Initialisation :: Delta-MSLP Timestep 11
Downscaled Cycled IC
L/S Perts + cycled IC L/S Perts + UKV
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Initialisation :: Delta-MSLP Timestep 71
Downscaled
L/S Perts + cycled IC
Cycled IC
L/S Perts + UKV
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Initialisation :: Delta-MSLP Domain ave time-series
• Cycling initial conditions has smallest initial shock
• Adding large-scale perturbations to IC derived from high-res analysis (UKV) results in smoother forecast evolution
• Most initialisation schemes induce time-step oscillations which decay with time
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Initialisation :: Verification (1)
• MSLP is over-spread for all initialisation methods (probably caused by global ensemble)
• LSPert + UKV has best results for both T2m and MSLP. Decrease in RMSE ~15-20% (as MOGREPS-R)
• Adding large-scale perturbations to cycled IC has poorest scores all round
• Cycling ICs does have best spread for T2m but higher ensemble mean RMSE and lower CRPS
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Initialisation :: Verification (2)
• Precipitation RPS verification has similar results – LSPert + UKV is best but updating LBCs is slightly better than downscaling
• But, for log-visibility (weighted on low thresholds) updating LBCs is better than LSPert+UKV (except T+6)
• These support the idea of cycling certain fields from one run to the next to merge with analysis data
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Spin-up of small-scale detail T+0:05
DSCL – downscale
CYCS – cycling IC
ULSP – UKV+LSPerts
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Spin-up of small-scale detail T+1:00
DSCL – downscale
CYCS – cycling IC
ULSP – UKV+LSPerts
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Spin-up of small-scale detail T+2:00
DSCL – downscale
CYCS – cycling IC
ULSP – UKV+LSPerts
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Spin-up of small-scale detail T+3:00
DSCL – downscale
CYCS – cycling IC
ULSP – UKV+LSPerts
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Spin-up of small-scale detail T+6:00
DSCL – downscale
CYCS – cycling IC
ULSP – UKV+LSPerts
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Initialisation :: Visibility Forecasts
© Crown copyright Met Office
• Stochastic physics (Random Parameters) is being tested to improve ensemble spread for visibility
• Mixing length – affects wind turning and BL depth
• Stability function – similar effect to mixing length above
• Entrainment rate – mixing in dry air from above
Control New Params
Observations
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ENDGame vs New Dynamics comparison of vertical velocity near top of boundary layer :: Case - 03Z 16 July 2013
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Summary and Discussion
• Variable resolution LAM grid allows successful nesting of 2.2km directly into 33km global
• Verification results support direct nesting of convective-permitting LAM in global (rather than two-step nesting via regional model)
• Performance of LAM is highly sensitive to initial conditions and their balance with LBCs – which has implications for DA
• Various initialisation methods were tested and results favour centring large-scale perturbations around high-resolution analysis
© Crown copyright Met Office
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Thank-you any questions…
© Crown copyright Met Office
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Formation of rain showers in ENDGame is increased
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Initialisation :: Visibility Forecasts
© Crown copyright Met Office
• Insufficient spread in visibility :: for this case the foggiest member is still not foggy enough
• Cycling initial conditions is better in this case
Cycling IC L/S Perts
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Initialising MOGREPS-UK :: Motivation from MOGREPS-R experience
• Earlier results for MOGREPS-R (18km) showed that adding large-scale perturbations to an interpolated NAE (12km) analysis was significantly more skilful than pure downscaling:
• 10-15% difference in RMSE
• This could be partly attributed to different model physics between MOGREPS-G and MOGREPS-R