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EXCRETION The life process of
excretion involves removal of waste products of metabolism-
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These include- Carbon dioxide from
respiration Nitrogen-containing
wastes from digestion of proteins
Excess heat, water, and salts
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The organs of excretion include- Lungs Skin (sweat glands) Liver kidneys
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The functioning unit of the kidney
Is the nephron-here’s where the “filtering” takes place.
Each kidney has thousands of nephrons
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Urinary bladder, Ureters, and Urethra-
Are part of the urinary system, which removes these wastes from the body.
The large intestine, and its contents (poopies), are NOT part of the excretory system
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DISORDERS of excretory system High blood pressure, diabetes, and
infection are a few things that can disrupt kidney function and thereby disrupt homeostasis
Medication, and in severe cases, dialysis or transplant, can restore
homeostasis
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COORDINATION Dynamic equilibriumDescribes the constant
small corrections that keep the internal environment of an organism within the limits needed to survive.
Maintains homeostasis
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Control and coordination- are the jobs of the
nervous system and the endocrine system.
Together, these systems control and coordinate many of the body’s responses to changes in its environment.
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The nervous system includes Brain Spinal cord Nerves
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The functioning unit of the nervous system is the
Neuron.
A neuron receives a message from another neuron when that cell secretes a chemical called a neurotransmitter.
The chemical causes a change that is passed along the neuron.
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When the change reaches the end of that neuron-
it secretes a neurotransmitter that send a message to another neuron.
Receptor molecules on the membranes of neurons detect the neurotransmitter chemicals.
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The endocrine system Receptor molecules
are also used for communication between cells by hormones.
Hormones are produced in the endocrine glands, such as pituitary and pancreas,
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Hormones travel through the
bloodstream to other parts of the body.
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DISORDERS of nervous system Accidents can cause
concussion or brain damage-wear a helmet and seat belt for prevention
Trauma during birth can cause cerebral palsy
Other disorders include MS, ALS, Parkinson’s disease, treated with medication
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DISORDERS of endocrine system
Lack of production of certain hormones can cause metabolic disorders
Many of these can be treated by medication
Diabetes is a disorder in the production of insulin