Download - Exam Level Born Haber Cycles
![Page 1: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exam Level Born Haber Cycles
LOsTo understand the style of question asked for this unitTo improve the speed at which these questions are completed.
![Page 2: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Enthalpies of Solution
LOsTo be able to calculate the enthalpy of solution
![Page 7: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Define
1) The standard lattice enthalpy
2) The standard enthalpy of hydration
3) The standard enthalpy of solution
![Page 8: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dissolving
![Page 9: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Similar looking diagram
OR Hess’s Law Triangle
![Page 10: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Worked example
![Page 11: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ionic charge and radius
Ions with a higher charge have a higher enthalpy of hydration (more exothermic)
Ions with a smaller radius have a higher enthalpy of hydration (more exothermic)
![Page 12: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Exam Questions
![Page 13: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Entropy
Entropy is a measure of the number of different ways particles can be arranged.
It is a bit like how disordered or chaotic the system is.
Substances are more energetically stable as the system become more disordered.
![Page 14: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Simple examples
![Page 15: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Entropy tells us if a reaction will happen
ΔStotal = total entropy.
![Page 16: Exam Level Born Haber Cycles](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56813438550346895d9b2d2e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Spontaneous Reactions
For a reaction to happen spontaneously, the ΔG most be zero or negative.