Download - EWEC 2009 March 19 th
EWEC 2009 March 19th
Optimal configuration of future energy systems including road transport and vehicle-to-grid capabilities
Nina Juul, Risoe DTU – Technical University of Denmark
Peter Meibom, Risoe DTU – Technical University of Denmark
Overview
• Purpose
• Balmorel and Transport – the model
• Cases
• Results
Purpose
Adding transport to Balmorel enables analysis of:
• consequences of possibility of using electric power in transport sector
• consequences of adding vehicle-to-grid technologies
• competition between different vehicle technologies
Sketch of the Balmorel model including transport
Present power and transport system(e.g. capacities, storages, transmission lines, plants, consumption)
Scenario data(e.g. prices, demands, technology data)
Input data
Model run •maximizing social surplus•Restrictions for transport and power system
Model output:Configuration and operation of power and transport system
Power flowsCosts
Configuration and operation of the transport system (and energy system)
The energy system (Balmorel)
Input data(e.g. demand, prices, technical data, driving pattern)
Modelling assumptions
The transport model
Transport add-on in Balmorel
Power flow
Propulsion system configuration of electric drive vehicles
Power Bus
Grid connection
Storage
Generator
Engine
Electric motor
Transmission Driving Wheels
Accessory loads
Only applicable for the plug-in serial propulsion systems
Power flow
Power flow model of electric drive vehicles
Unload
StorageFrom grid
To grid
Output from engine to generator
Power Bus
a)
Applicable for PHEVs propulsion systems
Replaced with output from fuel cell for FCEVs
a) vehicles plugged in b) vehicles not plugged in
Unload
StorageBraking energy
Consumption propulsion
Consumption accessory loads
Output from engine to generator
Power Bus
b)
Model formulation
• Objective function: investments in vehicles
• Vehicle restrictions: balancing of on board storage (plugged in)
balancing of the power bus (plugged in)
supply and demand must meet
minimum and maximum capacities
• Electricity balance equation: power to grid - power from grid
Assumptions
• Communication system in place
• Vehicles are aggregated in vehicle groups
• Loading and unloading depending on vehicles plugged in (cannot exceed max storage level)
• Average driving patterns (forcing specific patterns for use of diesel)
• All vehicles leave grid with predefined storage level
Case description
Model runs:
• Denmark without transmission possibilities to neighbouring countries
• 26 selected weeks with hourly resolution (26 X 168 time steps)
• Year 2030
• Oil prices $100/barrel
• CO2 prices 40€/ton
• Road transport
• Including ICE, BEV, PHEV for persons transport
Case description
Type of vehicle
Inv. costs (€)(yearly cost)
O & M costs (€/year)
Electric storage cap. (kWh)
ICE 11,766 (1,605) 1,168 0
BEV 19,078 (2,603) 1,101 50
PHEV 15,496 (2,114) 1,168 10
Case description
Type of vehicle
yearly fixed costs (€/year)
Fuel and CO2 costs (€/year)
Difference in costs relative to the ICE (€/year)
ICE 2,773 796 -
BEV 3,704 153 288
PHEV 3,282 294 6
Scenarios
• No usage of electricity in road transport
• Integrated power and transport system with V2G facilities
• Integrated power and transport system without V2G facilities
Results
Investments in vehicles 2030
Results
Electricity generation 2030
Results
Week 9: Power exchange between grid and vehiclesvs. electricity prices (western Denmark)
€/MWh
hour
MW
Results
Net power from grid – average on hours (daily cycle)
MW
Results
Total power exchange between grid and vehicles
Region From grid (MWh) To grid (MWh) Net from grid (MWh)
Eastern Denmark
2,908,172 123,016 2,785,156
Western Denmark
3,933,367 243,592 3,689,775
Total 6,841,540 366,608 6,474,931
Conclusions
• Using electricity for transport incorporates more wind – more than what is used by the transport sector with included V2G
• Adding V2G facilities incorporates more wind even though the usage is small
Future works
• Dividing driving patterns into different profiles
• Analysis of larger energy systems e.g. Northern Europe
• Handling storage on a smaller level than vehicle group
• Storage level when leaving – variable instead of parameter
Thank you