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Early Warning – establishing last mile connectivity: an experience from Nepal
Presented jointly by
Mercy Corps and Practical Action
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Earlier days• Indigenous knowledge and
traditional practices – Looking at clouds– Color and smell of water– Animal’s behavior
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10 years down the line….• Weather forecasting
– Max/min temperature– Probability of occurrence of rainfall– River data was available but not used for
forecasting purposes
• Glacier lake outburst information
• Tower based watch and warn system
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2006 onwards• Improved tower based
watch and warn system
• River basin systems linking downstream communities withupstream river and rainfall stations
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2006 onwards• Lead time was identified in
piloted areas
• Alternative communication and dissemination channel both at district and community level was formulated to reach the last mile in pilot areas
• Strengthen coordination with district authorities, DHM and other stakeholders
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Current stage of EWS in Nepal
• Communities, local, district and national authorities started recognizing EWS as a key component for DRR
• EWS incorporated in local, district, and national level Disaster management plans
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Current stage of EWS in Nepal …
• Government authorities have taken lead to draft National Strategy for Early Warning of Natural Disasters in Nepal
• DHM has actively contributed to develop EWS training manual
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Current stage of EWS in Nepal …• Feasibility study for establishing more river
gauge stations by DHM
• Extension and expansion of telemetric system
• Web based flood warning services is available at www.hydrology.gov.np
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Current stage of EWS in Nepal …• SMS services in piloted
areas
• Media engagement in warning services through local FM stations
• Communities proactively accessing information from upstream gauging stations
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Real time experience in 2010• 19/20 July 2010 flood in Banke
• 24 August 2010 flood in Chitwan
DHM role
- On time warning service through phone, SMS to district authorities, communities and media
District level
- District authority called for an emergency meeting
- Security forces at alert
- Started preparing for response by checking stocks and resources for response
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Real time experience in 2010 …Community level
- Used hand-operated siren and megaphones to ensure last mile connectivity
- EWS task forces mobilized community for safe evacuation
- Continued coordination with security personnel, district authorities and gauge readers at the upstream
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EWS coverage in NepalNumber of river systems with gauge station 37
Number of meteorological stations 281
Number of district covered 12
Number of district level EWS committee 7
Number of VDC covered 98
Number of people trained in EWS 632
Number of CBEWS established 124
Number of EWS task forces 75
Material provided to the community for EWS
-Siren
-Hand-mike
-CDMA phone
74
129
46
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EWS coverage in Nepal
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EWS joint activities byDIPECHO partners
• Field testing of EWS training manual with all DIPECHO partners
• Implementation of EWS component by Action Aid Nepal, CARE Nepal, Oxfam
• EWS users’ workshop
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Major challenges • Functional Disaster Management authority and
platform in Nepal
• Delay in adaptation of draft EWS strategy due to political vacuum
• Keeping community level EWS committee alive in case of less frequent disastrous event
• Last mile connectivity throughout the country
• Multi-hazard EWS approach
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Ways forward• Replication of CBEWS in other river basin areas
• Piloting EWS for other hazards
• Technical capabilities
• Advocacy and lobbying with government authorities and other stakeholders
• Collaboration with DHM and other government departments for wider coverage and institutionalization
• Guideline for district and community authorities for establishment of community managed EWS
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Food for thought• What should be the advocacy strategy for
ensuring last mile connectivity throughout the country?
• How to keep community level EWS committee alive in case of less frequent disastrous events?
• How to incorporate multi-hazard approach effectively in existing EWS?
• How to link next communities situated crossed the border facing same disasters