Evaluating the Sustainability of Public School
Buildings for Disaster Evacuation
DHM Aquino KJV Armendez MAN Tanchuling
PATLEPAM Conference
July 10 2014 Camarines Sur Watersports Complex
University of the Philippines Diliman
INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
2
Typhoon Haiyan alone caused the displacement of approximately
41 M people ndash NDRRMC
3
Displaced people typically move temporarily to evacuation centers
Commonly used for this purpose are public school buildings
4
Are public school buildings
SUSTAINABLE
for use as evacuation sites
5
Benchmarks
SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines
(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross
6
Metrics of Sustainability
Living Space
Sanitation
Solid Waste Management
Accessibility
Suitability of Location
7
Living Space Capacity
Benchmark sq m per
person
SPHERERed CrossWHO 35
Japan 20
US CDC 186
Input Parameters
bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms
8
Sanitation Facilities
For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day
Segregation of toilet for male and female is required
Input Parameters
bull No of usable toilets for male and female
bull Septic tank capacity
Benchmark toilet -person
ratio (M)
toilet -person ratio (F)
WHO Red Cross 150 125
SPHERE 160 130
US CDC 140 140
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
2
Typhoon Haiyan alone caused the displacement of approximately
41 M people ndash NDRRMC
3
Displaced people typically move temporarily to evacuation centers
Commonly used for this purpose are public school buildings
4
Are public school buildings
SUSTAINABLE
for use as evacuation sites
5
Benchmarks
SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines
(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross
6
Metrics of Sustainability
Living Space
Sanitation
Solid Waste Management
Accessibility
Suitability of Location
7
Living Space Capacity
Benchmark sq m per
person
SPHERERed CrossWHO 35
Japan 20
US CDC 186
Input Parameters
bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms
8
Sanitation Facilities
For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day
Segregation of toilet for male and female is required
Input Parameters
bull No of usable toilets for male and female
bull Septic tank capacity
Benchmark toilet -person
ratio (M)
toilet -person ratio (F)
WHO Red Cross 150 125
SPHERE 160 130
US CDC 140 140
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
3
Displaced people typically move temporarily to evacuation centers
Commonly used for this purpose are public school buildings
4
Are public school buildings
SUSTAINABLE
for use as evacuation sites
5
Benchmarks
SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines
(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross
6
Metrics of Sustainability
Living Space
Sanitation
Solid Waste Management
Accessibility
Suitability of Location
7
Living Space Capacity
Benchmark sq m per
person
SPHERERed CrossWHO 35
Japan 20
US CDC 186
Input Parameters
bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms
8
Sanitation Facilities
For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day
Segregation of toilet for male and female is required
Input Parameters
bull No of usable toilets for male and female
bull Septic tank capacity
Benchmark toilet -person
ratio (M)
toilet -person ratio (F)
WHO Red Cross 150 125
SPHERE 160 130
US CDC 140 140
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
4
Are public school buildings
SUSTAINABLE
for use as evacuation sites
5
Benchmarks
SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines
(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross
6
Metrics of Sustainability
Living Space
Sanitation
Solid Waste Management
Accessibility
Suitability of Location
7
Living Space Capacity
Benchmark sq m per
person
SPHERERed CrossWHO 35
Japan 20
US CDC 186
Input Parameters
bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms
8
Sanitation Facilities
For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day
Segregation of toilet for male and female is required
Input Parameters
bull No of usable toilets for male and female
bull Septic tank capacity
Benchmark toilet -person
ratio (M)
toilet -person ratio (F)
WHO Red Cross 150 125
SPHERE 160 130
US CDC 140 140
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
5
Benchmarks
SPHERE Project Japan Guidelines
(MIE Prefecture) WHO Standards US CDC Red Cross
6
Metrics of Sustainability
Living Space
Sanitation
Solid Waste Management
Accessibility
Suitability of Location
7
Living Space Capacity
Benchmark sq m per
person
SPHERERed CrossWHO 35
Japan 20
US CDC 186
Input Parameters
bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms
8
Sanitation Facilities
For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day
Segregation of toilet for male and female is required
Input Parameters
bull No of usable toilets for male and female
bull Septic tank capacity
Benchmark toilet -person
ratio (M)
toilet -person ratio (F)
WHO Red Cross 150 125
SPHERE 160 130
US CDC 140 140
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
6
Metrics of Sustainability
Living Space
Sanitation
Solid Waste Management
Accessibility
Suitability of Location
7
Living Space Capacity
Benchmark sq m per
person
SPHERERed CrossWHO 35
Japan 20
US CDC 186
Input Parameters
bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms
8
Sanitation Facilities
For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day
Segregation of toilet for male and female is required
Input Parameters
bull No of usable toilets for male and female
bull Septic tank capacity
Benchmark toilet -person
ratio (M)
toilet -person ratio (F)
WHO Red Cross 150 125
SPHERE 160 130
US CDC 140 140
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
7
Living Space Capacity
Benchmark sq m per
person
SPHERERed CrossWHO 35
Japan 20
US CDC 186
Input Parameters
bull Classroom floor area bull No of usable classrooms
8
Sanitation Facilities
For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day
Segregation of toilet for male and female is required
Input Parameters
bull No of usable toilets for male and female
bull Septic tank capacity
Benchmark toilet -person
ratio (M)
toilet -person ratio (F)
WHO Red Cross 150 125
SPHERE 160 130
US CDC 140 140
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
8
Sanitation Facilities
For an average person the septic waste generation (ie flushed excreta and urine) is 0042 cumperson-day
Segregation of toilet for male and female is required
Input Parameters
bull No of usable toilets for male and female
bull Septic tank capacity
Benchmark toilet -person
ratio (M)
toilet -person ratio (F)
WHO Red Cross 150 125
SPHERE 160 130
US CDC 140 140
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
9
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Average solid waste generation of an evacuee is 04 kgperson-day
Garbage density 151-211 kgcum
Input Parameters
bull No of waste bins and corresponding size
bull Segregation of waste (RA 9003)
bull Presence of refuse pits
Can the public school building sustain the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
10
Accessibility to the Public
Average walking speed of a person during a flood is 40 mmin (Matsuo 2011)
Input Parameters
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest point in a barangay
bull Direct distance of PSB from the farthest hazard area within the barangay
How long does it take a person to reach the evacuate site in distress condition
Desired evacuation time is 5-15 minutes (Borje 1997) the faster the better
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
11
Suitability of Location
Is the school building suitably sited Is the vicinity of the PSB not susceptible to flooding
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
Public Schools Evaluated
12
H Bautista ES Brgy Concepcion Uno Marikina Nangka ES Marikina
Rizal Elementary School Makati City Bagong Silangan ES Quezon City
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
13
SphereWHO
Red Cross Japan US CDC
RES 12 - -
BSES 132 93 86
HBES 196 168 163
NES 346 314 308
Living Space Capacity
Additional rooms required to comply with the standards
Rizal ES passes the US and Japan Standards but falls short of the SPHERE requirements
We need at least 6 more Nangka ES for evacuation of Brgy Nangka residents
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
14
Assessment of Toilet and Septic Tank Facilities in the subject PSBs
Sanitation Facilities
Toilet Cubicle Capacity
reached (days)
Addl Tank Vol (m3)
Sphere IFRC
Sphere CDC
RES - - - 408 -
BSES M 17 F 45
M 7 F 40
M 27 F 30
096 529
HBES M 78 F 47
M 68 F 42
M 88 F 32
063 6431
NES M 139 F 95
M 129 F
90
M 149 F 80
041 1716
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
Solid Waste Management Facilities
Capacity reached (days) Refuse pit
Rizal ES 06 Yes
Bagong Silangan ES
015 Yes
H Bautista ES 009 Yes
Nangka ES 003 Yes
None of the schools can handle the 24-hour waste generation of the evacuees
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
Accessibility to the Public
Walking Duration (min)
Boundary Flood-prone
RES 209 183
BSES 11385 198
HBES 5125 255
NES 3353 3353
None of the PSBs are accessible within 5-15 minutes from the farthest high-hazard point in the barangay
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
17
Suitability of Location
Max Possible
Flood Depth (m)
Rizal ES 1
Bagong Silangan ES
gt 15
H Bautista ES 15
Nangka ES -
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
Conclusions
18
bull Our public schools are far from being called sustainable for use in disaster evacuation
bull There is a need to supplement them with structures that function primarily as evacuation sites
bull In the design of our school buildings it has to be factored in that it is secondarily used as evacuation sites for consideration of its environmental impact
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
References
19
bull Borje J (1997) 5-Minute Quick Response Time Rescue 161 in Marikina City 3cd Sound Practice-Series p 1
bull de Guzman EM (2004) Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 Comparative study on Recovery and Construction vol 1 no 1 January p 18
bull Department of Education (2010) Department of Education - Educational Facilities Manual 2010th edition Manila Department of Education
bull Department of Education (2010) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector in The Philippines Safer Education vol 1 no 1 May p 8 Available httpwwwndccgovphattachments042_MDRReducation_Philippinespdf [08 January 2014]
bull Diaz LF and Savage GM (2003) Risk and Cost Associated with the Management of Infectious Wastes WHO Western Pacific Regional Office Manila 12
bull Fennell J (2014) Education Portal - Mount Pinatubo Facts Eruption amp Effects [Online] Available httpeducation-portalcomacademylessonmount-pinatubo-facts-eruption-effectshtmllesson [01 March 2014]
bull HM Government - UK (2014) Evacuation and Shelter Guidance 01 January [Online] Available httpswwwgovukgovernmentuploadssystemuploadsattachment_datafile274615Evacuation_and_Shelter_Guidance_2014pdf [01 March 2014]
bull Makalintal QC (1982) Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) Manila Batasang Pambansa
bull Maslow AH (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation in Anderson JR (ed) Psychological Review 50th edition Brooklyn American Psychological Association
bull Matsuo K Natainia L and Yamada F (2011) Flood and Evacuation Simulations for Urban Flooding pp 391-398
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization
References
20
bull McLeod S (2007) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs [Online] Available httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgmaslowhtml [22 March 2014]
bull National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (2010) National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan 2011-2028
bull National Statistics Office (2007) Marikina City Population by Barangay 1975-2007 31 December [Online] Available httpwwwnsoncr3phmarpophtml [08 January 2014]
bull National Statistics Office (2012) 2010 Census of Population and Housing - Final Results 2010th edition NCR National Statistics Office
bull Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (c12) [Online] Available at httpwwwgovph20100527republic-act-no-10121 (accessed 8 January 2014)
bull Santa Rosa County (2000) Santa Rosa County - Hurricane Shelters 01 January [Online] Available httpwwwsantarosaflgovemergencysheltershtml [01 March 2014]
bull Susetyo B Bass C Horii D Adams DC Aquino DHM Sabio GC and Okamoto T (2012) A Systematic Evaluation of the Readiness of an Evacuation Facility Case Study of H Bautista Elementary School Facility Marikina City Philippines Marikina 12
bull The Sphere Project (2011) The Sphere Project Humanitatian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response 3rd edition Practical Action Publishing
bull von Einsiedel N Bendimerad F Rodil AS and Deocariza M (2010) The Challenge of Urban Redevelopment in Disaster-affected Communities Environment and Urbanization ASIA 01 January pp 27-44
bull World Health Organization (2002) Environmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster 2002nd edition World Health Organization