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Are Phytophthora species associated with declining
Eucalyptus rudis in the south-west of Western
Australia?
Katherine Edwards, Bill Dunstan, Giles E St J Hardy & Thomas Jung
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Mapping by Paul Gioia,. Image used with the permission of the Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Environment and Conservation (http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/help/copyright). Accessed on Thursday, 25 February 2010.
Background to Eucalyptus rudis
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Background to Eucalyptus rudis ecology and decline aetiology
• Endemic to the south west of Western Australia along rivers and on floodplains & wetlands
• An important keystone species in riparian ecosystems
• Water logging and salinity tolerant
Photos by Thomas Jung (2009) and Katherine Edwards (2010)
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Factors indicating involvement of Phytophthora
in decline• Typical canopy decline• Rot of fine feeder roots• Grows on wet sites• Surrounded by P.cinnamomi infested
forests• Member of Myrtaceae family
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Study objectives• Determine if Phytophthora species are
associated with E. rudis, • Test their pathogenicity on E. rudis seedlings• Determine if nutrients, insecticides or
phosphite can mitigate decline
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Sampling sites in Western Australia
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Percentage recoveries of Phytophthoraspecies isolated from 10 riparian systems
P.cinnamomi P.multivora P.lateriticola Unknown Total P.sprecovery
Site recovery
20% 60% 30% 20% 80%
More than 1 species was recovered from 3 of the 10 riparian systems
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P.lateriticola P.multivora
Oogonia
Sporangia
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Blackwood River
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Lunenberg River
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Preston River
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Pathogenicity of Phytophthoraspecies on E. rudis seedlings under
glasshouse conditions• Preliminary test of pathogen
pathogenicity on apples• Under bark inoculation of
stems of E. rudis seedlings under glasshouse conditions
• Soil infestation of 6-month old E. rudis seedlings under glasshouse conditions
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Tree health assessments • Trees in North Lake area were assessed for health using Digital
Multi-spectral Imagery (DMSI) and confirmed using on-ground crown health assessments
• Assessed: crown size, canopy density, branch death & epicormic growth
• Also assessed nutrients in some trees
Unhealthy: 17 Mod healthy: 35 Healthy: 70
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Digital Multi-Spectral Imagery
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Treatment of diseased trees in Beeliar Regional Park:
Treatment № of Trees
Control 30
Liquid Phosphite 30
Phosphite capsule 30
Insecticide capsule 26
Complete nutrient capsule
25
141 total
Aim: To determine if different treatments can reverse decline in E. rudis
Trees rated for Crown Health and by Digital Multi-spectral Imagery
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Summary
• Phytophthora species are almost consistently associated with E. rudis decline
• Other biotic and abiotic factors are also likely to contribute to the decline syndrome
• Trials under way to develop management options
• Identification of other Phytophthora spp
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Acknowledgements• Murdoch University• State Centre of Excellence for Climate
Change, Woodland and Forest Health • Paul Barber • UPRAG• SERCUL• My many helpful volunteers