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Ethics & Values
NRS 101
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About Ethics• Ethics
– System of moral principles governing behaviors and relationships
– Standards of right and wrong• Morality
– Private, personal standards of right and wrong• Laws reflect moral values of society• Nurses have ethical responsibility to be client
advocates
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Values
• Values– Personal beliefs about truth and worth of
behaviors, thought, objects
• Beliefs– Interpretations or conclusion that one accepts as
true
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Values• Personal values develop from
– Individual social traditions– Cultural, ethnic religious norms
• Professional values develop from– Socialization into nursing profession– Established code of ethics– Faculty and other nurses– Clinical and life experiences
• Values clarification
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Professional Values
• Altruism
• Autonomy
• Human dignity
• Integrity
• Social justice
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Clarifying Client Values
• Purpose– Client’s values influence, relate to problem
• Processes – List alternatives
– Examine possible consequences of choices
– Choose freely; feel good about choice
– Affirm choice; act on choice
– Act with pattern
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Principles of Ethical Decision Making• Autonomy
• Beneficence
- Nonmaleficence
• Justice
• Veracity
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Nursing Codes of Ethics
• General codes of ethics
• American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses
• International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics
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Models of Ethical Decision Making
• Responsible decision making– Rational– Systematic– Based on ethical principles and codes
• Ethical obligations to clients, agency, primary care provider
• First step: determine whether moral dilemma exists
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Figure 42-1 When there is a need for ethical decisions of client advocacy, many different people contribute to the final outcome. A. Ramsey/PhotoEdit
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Strategies
• Strategies to help nurses
• National Guideline Clearinghouse
• Joint Commission