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Charge station by induction on the street: Braunschweig
11a Jornada AMTU, May 5, 2015 Mataró - Tecnocampus
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❶ How to define electric buses?
❷ Infrastructure and operational time
❸ Inductive charging in practise
Experience and further development
Agenda
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Electric buses are energy-efficient
Electric bus (ideal conditions)
Electric bus (difficult conditions)
Diesel-electric hybrid
Diesel
Energy requirement in kWh/km Cost savings
0%
22%
42%
71%
Data for 12-metre standard bus, according to SORT 2 (without heating), own measurements Cost of 1 litre diesel 5.52 PLN, cost of 1 kWh electricity 0.56 PLN
How to define electric buses?
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Electric drivetrain is at the heart of all electric buses
External energy supply
On-board energy generation
Energy storage
Battery
Fast charging
Overhead line
Cable & plug
Conductive Inductive
Traction electrics
Generator Fuel cell
Diesel engine Gas engine
Elec
tric
mot
or
cent
ral o
r int
egra
ted
in a
xle
How to define electric buses?
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Electric bus emission free at point of operation
Hybrid bus
Trolleybus Battery bus
Hybrid buses, trolleybuses und battery buses = electric buses
Zero emission operation
Diesel auxiliary power unit Oil/diesel heater /
range extender with diesel engine
How to define electric buses?
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Electric mobility – without dogma
For Solaris, electric buses can be: Hybrid buses Plug-in hybrid buses Trolleybuses Hybrid trolleybuses Battery buses
Overnight charging Conductive opportunity charging Inductive opportunity charging Range extension with fuel cells
How to define electric buses?
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❶ How to define electric buses?
❷ Infrastructure and operational time
❸ Inductive charging in practise
Experience and further development
Agenda
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Infrastructure
Vehicle and
Components Operations
Best specification for particular operating profile
Infrastructure and operational time
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< 1 h
<10min
city
20-22 h
< 4 h city
< 8 h
Infrastructure and operational time
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External charging concepts
Cable & plug
16–80 kW charging power (limited by plug)
Conductive opportunity charging with pantograph
200–450 kW charging power
Two systems Solaris (with Eko Energetyka) Schunk Smart Charging
Inductive opportunity charging
200 kW charging power
Bombardier Primove
Infrastructure and operational time
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Range extension
Buses can be fitted with fuel cells to extend the operational range
Battery remains source of traction power
Fuel cells are used to recharge the battery
First buses for Hochbahn of Hamburg for operation on Innovation Line 109, supported by German Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
To be used in bi-articulated electric buses currently under development
Infrastructure and operational time
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Choice of length
Electric bus range covers the most common vehicle lengths
Midibus (8.9 metres, low entry)
Standard bus (12 metres, low floor)
Articulated bus (18 metres, low floor)
Extended articulated bus (18.75 metres, low floor)
Under development: Bi-articulated bus (24 metres, low floor)
Infrastructure and operational time
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Available battery sizes
High Power1 High Energy2
kWh Bombardier Solaris
120 160 200 240 60 90 75 100 125
Cable & plug Pantograph
Induction
1 Lithium-titanite (Li4Ti5O12): warranty for 10,000 cycles within 5 years 2 Lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4): warranty for 3,300 cycles within 5 years
Infrastructure and operational time
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❶ How to define electric buses?
❷ Infrastructure and operational time
❸ Inductive charging in practise
Experience and further development
Agenda
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„Emil“ project: electric mobility line M19 in Braunschweig
Gefördert durch:
Inductive charging in practise
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Line M19
12 km distance 1 end stop 25 stops on route 18 km/h average speed Operating freequency
every 10 minutes (working days) every 15 minutes (weekends)
More often charging operations allows to use smaller and lighter battery. Thanks to this we can keep high passenger capacity of the bus
Inductive charging in practise
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Battery charging Inductive charging
Bombardier Primove system Dedicated pick-up coil under bus floor Dedicated inductive coil under the
surface of the street Charging station integrated with
advertising column
200 kW charging power 4 charging points/stations
with different charging times 1 at the end stop (up to 11 minutes) 2 at the bus stops (up to 30 seconds) 1 at depot (up to 15 minutes)
Inductive charging in practise
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Vehicles
1 standard bus Inductive fast charging 60 kWh battery In service from March 2014
4 articulated buses (+ 1 option) Inductive fast charging 90 kWh battery In service from late 2014
Inductive charging in practise
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Reliable drive and charging technology
Initial operating experience confirms reliability of electric drives and charging systems
Urbino 12 electric and Urbino 18 electric in Braunschweig in service since March and December 2014 respectively, inductively charged with Bombardier Primove
80% availability in first five months of operation of Urbino 12 electric
Energy consumption of Urbino 18 electric 1.7 kWh/km
Quiet and smooth drive characteristics
Urbino 12 electric in long-term test in Kraków, cable & plug charged
Inductive charging in practise
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❶ How to define electric buses?
❷ Infrastructure and operational time
❸ Inductive charging in practise
Experience and further development
Agenda
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Reutlingen
Kraków
Västerås
Klagenfurt
Düsseldorf Braunschweig
Plzeň
Hamburg
München
Frankfurt am Main
Paris
Dresden
Hannover
Leipzig
Poznań Warszawa
Sölden
Gdańsk
Jena
Berlin
Aachen Kassel
Luzern
Mönchengladbach
Nürnberg
Montafon
Zakopane
Graz
Olsztyn
Łódź
Budapest
Bremen
Arbon
Jaworzno
Szczecin
Zielona Góra
Gorzów
Tübingen Lahr
Wrocław
Inowrocław
Praha
Wien
Riga
Novara Lyon
Avignon Toulon
Saint-Nazaire Nantes
Versailles
Lille
Ostrołęka
Operators (includes orders)
Tests and demonstrations (selection)
Long-term tests
Solaris is a partner in the European Union‘s ZeEUS project
Experience and further development
Battery buses operated and tested in numerous European cities
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Finding the right technologies
Market currently is in a phase of testing different concepts for electric buses
No clear indication yet which technologies will become preferred choices
Solaris supports exploration of opportunities with wide range of drive and charging technologies, adapted to individual operators‘ requirements
Open questions surrounding operational integration to be explored in practice
What will the future mix of fleets be?
Only battery buses?
Mix of battery and plug-in hybrid buses?
Mix of battery and diesel buses?
Opportunity charging or range extenders?
Experience and further development
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Thank you for your attention! Any questions?
Mateusz Figaszewski PR Director
Solaris Bus & Coach S.A.
ul. Obornicka 46 62-005 Owińska
Poland
Phone +48 61 667 23 47 [email protected]