Pre-Operations (my definition)
• Starts when we try to accelerate one proton down the beam tube
• Until we achieve 5 million Watts (5 MegaWatts)– 900 trillion protons per pulse – 14 times a second– Beam voltage of 2.5 billion
volts
What is 5 MegaWatts?
• At 5 MegaWatts, – one beam pulse
• has the same energy as a 16 lb (7.2kg) shot traveling at – 1100 km/hour– Mach 0.93
• Has the same energy as a 1000kg car traveling at 96 km/hour
• Happens 14 x per second
– You boil 1000 kg of ice in 83 seconds• A ton of tea!!!
Pre-Pre-Operations
• Will start during construction.• As soon as a small section of the
accelerator is ready (Ion Source->RFQ->Drift Tube)– We will run beam to check out major
systems (controls, RF, instrumentation, operations staff…)
• Beam is the Ultimate System Integrator!• Commissioning will happen from 8pm –
8am– Construction and repair will happened
during the day
Accelerator Readiness
• Because of the immense damage the beam can cause we will have to prepare procedures to makes sure all systems are ready – A BIG DEAL
• For example, formal sign-offs of all the systems:– Safety (shielding, interlocks, electrical,…)– Electrical– Vacuum– Instrumentation– RF– Cryogenics
Pre-Operations
• Once the machine is cold, and the accelerator is ready, we will begin round-the-clock operations– It is too expensive to not run round-the-clock – We have to maintain configuration control
• We will need to make a detailed commissioning plan– Detailed shift plan for 3 shifts per day for 3
months. • People, tasks, tools
– Plan will be invalid after the first shift• “Plans are worthless, but planning is everything.”
Dwight Eisenhower
Staff• We will need two types of crews
– Operations crew (permanent) • 3 operators/crew• 5 crews
– Scientist/ Engineer crew (temporary)• 2 staff members/crew• 6-7 crews
• We will need coordination– Machine coordinator (scientist)– Machine scheduler (operations)
• Meetings– Shift change meetings– Daily operations meetings
Super Rough Schedule
• ~1 month to thread the beam• 1-6 months for 100kW beam• 6-24 months for > 2 MW beam• What are we doing between 2020-2025???
“If it works the first time, then its over-designed”Archimedes to his junior engineer, Wally, ~220 B.C