![Page 1: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Multiple Representations with Overrides, Multiple Representations with Overrides, and their relationship toand their relationship to
DLM/DCM GeneralizationDLM/DCM Generalization
Paul HardyPaul HardyDan LeeDan Lee
[email protected]@[email protected]@esri.com
![Page 2: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
ContextContext
•• This is a forwardThis is a forward--looking presentation, looking presentation, and much of the capabilities it describes and much of the capabilities it describes are still under development.are still under development.
•• As such, it is intended to give guidance As such, it is intended to give guidance as to likely future direction and should as to likely future direction and should not be interpreted as a commitment by not be interpreted as a commitment by ESRI to provide precise capabilities in ESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases.specific releases.
![Page 3: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Representations and Representations and OverridesOverrides
![Page 4: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Five Stages of Symbolization ControlFive Stages of Symbolization ControlStage 1 -Linear Features
(Tracks)
5 - FreeRepresentation
Stage 2 -GIS Dash symbol
Bad joinsand bends
4 - ManualOverride
3 - AutomaticRepresentation
![Page 5: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Solution ConceptsSolution Concepts•• One environment through GIS to finishingOne environment through GIS to finishing•• Cartographic RepresentationsCartographic Representations
–– HighHigh--quality rules for visualizationquality rules for visualization•• Stored in the databaseStored in the database
•• OverridesOverrides–– Exceptions to the rulesExceptions to the rules
•• Human knows better than machineHuman knows better than machine•• Can sometimes automate (culCan sometimes automate (cul--dede--sac roads)sac roads)•• Stored in the databaseStored in the database
•• Representation editing toolsRepresentation editing tools–– Intuitive, similar to IllustratorIntuitive, similar to Illustrator
![Page 6: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Screen or Print
Shape
GIS Feature
Symbol
Representation PipelineRepresentation Pipeline
Geometric Effect
Basic Symbol
RepresentationRule ID
Overrides(if any)
Rule Geometric Effect
Geometric Effect
Basic Symbol
![Page 7: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
DemonstrationDemonstration
Representations & OverridesRepresentations & Overrides
![Page 8: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
CulCul--dede--sac Processingsac Processing
![Page 9: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Free Representation Free Representation --editing of dashes for clarityediting of dashes for clarity
![Page 10: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Cartographic EditingCartographic Editing
•• See [Eicher & Briat 2005] ICA paperSee [Eicher & Briat 2005] ICA paper–– ““Supporting Interactive, Manual Editing of Supporting Interactive, Manual Editing of
Cartographic Representations in GIS Cartographic Representations in GIS SoftwareSoftware””
![Page 11: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Road crossingsRoad crossings
Road intersections ambiguousRoad intersections ambiguous
Use crossing areas as maskUse crossing areas as maskAutomatically calculate crossingsAutomatically calculate crossings
Can add parapets automaticallyCan add parapets automatically
![Page 12: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Escarpment Escarpment –– Stages of ControlStages of Control
2GIS symbol
3Representation
4Manual Override
1Line features
![Page 13: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Swiss topographic map Swiss topographic map representationrepresentation
Data copyrightswisstopo
![Page 14: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
DatabaseDatabase--centered Workflowscentered Workflows
ViewsViews
AnalysisAnalysis
Mission CriticalMission CriticalApplicationsApplications
UpdatesUpdatesMapsMaps
EnterpriseEnterpriseGeodatabaseGeodatabase
![Page 15: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Simple case Simple case –– existing featuresexisting features
CartographicRepresentation(Clearer roads)
Town Plan Map
Feature Class
(Roads)
![Page 16: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
CartographicRepresentation(Clearer roads)
Feature Class
(Roads)
Multiple RepresentationsMultiple Representations
Town Plan map
AnotherRepresentation(Special roads)
Leisure map
![Page 17: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Enterprise (DLM) CaseEnterprise (DLM) Case
DLMFeature Class
(Detailed Roads)
CartographicRepresentation(Better roads)
Town Plan map
AnotherRepresentation(Special roads)
Leisure map
Feature Class
(Roads)
Extract via Geoprocessing:•Copy•Select Subset•Generalize
Cartographic Database
Landscape Database
![Page 18: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Landscape Models, Cartographic Models, and ProductsLandscape Models, Cartographic Models, and Products
1:200K Atlas
1:50K Topo
1:100K Topo
1:250K Sheet
1:10K Sheet
1:10K PDF
VisualProduct
Cartographic Model
DCM_Small
DCM_Mid
DeriveFeatures
DeriveFeatures
DCM_Basic
Cartographic Generalization
DeriveFeatures
DLM Fine(Master)
Change in Real World
Landscape Model
Fine Routing
DLMMedium
DeriveFeatures
Model Generalization
DLMCoarse
DeriveFeatures
Course Routing
DataProduct
Derive Reps
Derive Reps
Rep250SRep200A
Rep100TRep50T
Derive Reps
Rep10SRep10P
![Page 19: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Geoprocessing and GeneralizationGeoprocessing and Generalization
![Page 20: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
GeoprocessingGeoprocessingCore tools
Python Scripts and AMLs
Models (including other tools)
ArcToolbox
Any executable
![Page 21: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
GeneralizationGeneralization•• Generalization is about abstractionGeneralization is about abstraction
–– exaggerate the importantexaggerate the important–– subdue or remove irrelevant detailsubdue or remove irrelevant detail–– move reality to make spacemove reality to make space
•• Needs pattern recognitionNeeds pattern recognition–– Humans find hard, while computers find harder!Humans find hard, while computers find harder!
1:10,000 1:50,000 1:250,000
Crow
n Copyright, C
ourtesy OSG
B
![Page 22: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Aggregate polygons
Aggregate buildings avoiding streetsSimplify buildings Displace buildings
from roads
Collapse double-line roads to centerlines Displace linear features
Generalization AlgorithmsGeneralization Algorithms
![Page 23: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Generalization Process ModelsGeneralization Process Models
Data Ordnance Survey GBCrown Copyright
![Page 24: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
New Generalization ToolsNew Generalization Tools• Four New tools to Generalize Database Features
– Simplify Polygon - Simplifies a polygon by removing small fluctuations or extraneous bends from its boundary and preserves its essential shape
– Simplify Building - Simplifies the boundary or footprint of a building polygon while maintaining its essential shape and size
– Aggregate Polygon - Combines disjoint and adjacent polygons into new area features based on a distance
– Collapse Dual Lines to Centerlines - Derives centerlines (single lines) from dual-line features
![Page 25: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Simplify PolygonsSimplify Polygons
![Page 26: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Simplify BuildingsSimplify Buildings
![Page 27: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Aggregate PolygonsAggregate Polygons
Non-orthogonal
Orthogonal
![Page 28: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Collapse DualCollapse Dual--Lines To CenterlineLines To Centerline
![Page 29: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Generalization is HardGeneralization is Hard•• CanCan’’t do it a feature at a timet do it a feature at a time
–– Involves relationships with neighboursInvolves relationships with neighbours•• CanCan’’t do it a layer at a timet do it a layer at a time
–– Relationships are with features of many classesRelationships are with features of many classes•• CanCan’’t do uniformlyt do uniformly
–– Even features of one class have different surroundingsEven features of one class have different surroundings•• CanCan’’t do it across whole map at oncet do it across whole map at once
–– Must localize or partitionMust localize or partition•• CanCan’’t do it just on geometryt do it just on geometry
–– Needs understanding of topology and of attributesNeeds understanding of topology and of attributes
![Page 30: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Possible Generalization FlowPossible Generalization Flow
Data Structure
Enrichment
Meso area Classification
Context Analysis
Dispatch to Appropriate Algorithm
PartitioningPattern &
Group Detection
Reclassify, Aggregate Exaggerate, Simplify, Displace, Typify, …
Loop until Done
Check
If worse, undo
![Page 31: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
UpdateUpdate
•• Change at largest scale then propagate Change at largest scale then propagate incremental differencesincremental differences
•• See [Briat, Monnot, Kressmann 2005] See [Briat, Monnot, Kressmann 2005] ICA paper:ICA paper:–– ““Incremental Update of Cartographic Data Incremental Update of Cartographic Data
in a Versioned Environmentin a Versioned Environment””
![Page 32: Esri Support | ArcGIS Technical Support - Multiple ...downloads2.esri.com/.../Hardy_2005_ICAGenWkshp_Spain.pdfESRI to provide precise capabilities in specific releases. 3 Representations](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050416/5f8c8d1082e29c1de70f1321/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
SummarySummary
•• Advanced cartographic representation mechanisms Advanced cartographic representation mechanisms and cartographic editing tools will soon become and cartographic editing tools will soon become available in a commodity GIS. available in a commodity GIS.
•• Together with production automation and graphics Together with production automation and graphics capabilities they will dramatically change the scope of capabilities they will dramatically change the scope of automated cartography, facilitating the generation of automated cartography, facilitating the generation of multiple products from a central database. multiple products from a central database.
•• The human freedom enabled by the override system, The human freedom enabled by the override system, combined with the symbolization rule pipeline, will combined with the symbolization rule pipeline, will permit highpermit high--quality attractive cartography within a quality attractive cartography within a databasedatabase--centered environment.centered environment.
•• The representation and override mechanisms, together The representation and override mechanisms, together with the geoprocessing framework also form the with the geoprocessing framework also form the foundation for generalization processes and foundation for generalization processes and incremental update propagationincremental update propagation