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Los verbos presentes de indicativos
Español 5
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What is an infinitive?
Ends in –ar, -er, or –ir
No subject, no action
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What is a conjugated verb?
A verb whose ending changes based on the subject of the sentence.
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How do we conjugate in Spanish?
1. Find the verb.2. Take off the infinitive ending,
leaving you with the stem.3. Make any changes to the stem, if
necessary.4. Find the subject.5. Add the correct ending based on
the subject to the stem.6. Double-check to make sure the
subject and the verb agree.
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What does the present-tense mean?
<subject> <verb> Sally come → Sally eats.
<subject> do/does <verb> Sally come → Sally does eat.
<subject> is/am/are <verb>ing Sally come → Sally is eating.
(sometimes) <subject> will <verb>. Sally come el viernes. → Sally will eat on
Friday.
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-ar verbs
yo: --otú: --asél, ella, Ud.: --anosotros/nosotras: --amos
vosotros/vosotras: --áisellos, ellas, Uds.: --an
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-er verbs
yo: --otú: --esél, ella, Ud.: --enosotros/nosotras: --emos
vosotros/vosotras: --éisellos, ellas, Uds.: --en
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-ir verbs
yo: --otú: --esél, ella, Ud.: --enosotros/nosotras: --imos
vosotros/vosotras: --ísellos, ellas, Uds.: --en
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Tricky subjects
___ y yo → nosotros___ y tú → Uds. ___ y ___ → ellos, ellas
tú y yo → nosotros
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Subject pronouns
Because the verb endings indicate the subject of the sentence, the subject pronouns are mainly used to avoid confusion or for emphasis.
Most commonly, they are not used.
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Stem-changing verbs
Some verbs change their stems in certain forms of the present tense. They will use the same present-tense endings, based on whether they are –ar, -er, or –ir verbs.
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Stem-changing verbs
The stem-change will happen in every subject except nosotros and vosotros.
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The verb reír has an accented í in its conjugations.
río reímosríes reísríe ríen
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Example stem-changers
e—ie querer
quiero queremos
quieres queréisquiere quieren
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Example stem-changers
o—ue poder
puedo podemos
puedes podéispuede pueden
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Example stem-changers
u—ue jugar
juego jugamos
juegas jugáisjuega juegan
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Example stem-changers
e—i pedir
pido pedimos
pides pedíspide piden
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Irregulars
decir – to say, to tell
digo decimosdices decísdice dicen
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Irregulars
estar – to be
estoy estamos
estás estáisestá están
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Irregulars
ir – to go
voy vamosvas vaisva van
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Irregulars
ser – to be
soy somos
eres soises son
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Irregulars
tener– to have
tengo
tenemos
tienes
tenéis
tiene
tienen
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Irregulars
venir – to come
vengo
venimos
vienes
venís
viene
vienen
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Irregulars
construir – to construct
construyo
construimos
construyes
construís
construye
construyen
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Irregulars
oír– to hear
oigo oímos
oyes oísoye oyen
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Irregular yo forms
meaning yo form
caber
to fit quepo
ver to see, to watch
veo
saber
to know (fact)
sé
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Irregular oy forms
meaning yo form
ir to go voydar to give doy
estar to be estoy
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yo-go forms
meaning yo form
poner to put, to place
pongo
salir to leave, go out
salgo
hacer to do, make hagotraer to bring traigocaer to fall caigo
seguir
to follow, continue
sigo
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-zco forms
meaning yo form
conocer
to know (person)
conozco
conducir
to drive conduzco
traducir
to translate traduzco
producir
to produce produzco
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-jo forms(typically –gir or –ger verbs)
meaning yo form
dirigir to direct dirijoescoge
rto choose, select
escojo
exigir to demand exijo