Download - Erikson
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Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
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Overview
• Growth takes place according to the epigenetic principle
– One component part arises out of another
– Has its own time of ascendancy
– Does not entirely replace earlier components
• There is an interaction of opposites at every stage of life
– Conflict between a syntonic (harmonious) element and a dystonic (disruptive) element
• Conflict between the dystonic and syntonic element produces a basic strength
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Overview
• Lack of basic strength at any one stage results in core pathology for that stage
• Events in earlier stages are not causal– Ego identity and personality are shaped by a
multiplicity of conflicts and events (past, present, and anticipated)
• Personality development is characterized by an identity crisis– Identity crisis not a catastrophic event but an
opportunity for either adaptive or maladaptive adjustment
• Has eight stages in total
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Stage 4 – School Age
• Covers development from about age 6 to about age 12 or 13
• Social world of children expanding beyond family to include peers, teachers and other adult models
• The desire to know of school age children become strong and is tied to their basic striving for competence
• Children strive industriously to read and write or learn skills required by their culture in normal development
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Stage 4 – School Age
Industry vs. Inferiority
• Syntonic quality – Industry
– Industriousness, willingness to remain busy with something and finish a job
• Dystonic quality – Inferiority
– Feeling of inadequacy
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Stage 4 – School Age
• Acquire sense of industry if children learn to do things well
• Acquire sense of inferiority if work is insufficient to accomplish their goals
• Earlier inadequacies can also contribute to children’s feelings of inferiority (eg. Too much guilt or too little purpose during play age development
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Basic Strength of School Age
• Competence: the confidence to use one’s physical and cognitive abilities to solve the problems that accompany school age.
• Lack of basic strength (inferiority > industry) will result in inertia
– Children are likely to give up and regress to an earlier stage of development
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The End!