Download - Erik Theory
Socioemotional DevelopmentSocioemotional Development
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Social Contexts and Social Contexts and Socioemotional DevelopmentSocioemotional Development
Chapter OutlineChapter OutlineContemporary Theories
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory Erikson’s Life-Span Development Theory
Social Contexts of Development Families Peers Schools
Socioemotional Development The Self Moral Development
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Social Contexts and Socioemotional Development
Learning Goals :
1. Describe two contemporary perspectives on socioemotional development: Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory and Erikson’s life-span development theory.
2. Discuss how the social contexts of families, peers, and schools are linked with socioemotional development.
3. Explain these aspects of children’s socioemotional development: self-esteem, identity, and moral concepts.
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Social Contexts and
Socioemotional Development
ContemporaryTheories
Erikson’sLife-Span
Development Theory
Bronfenbrenner’sEcological
Theory
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
The primary focus of Bronfenbrenner’s Theory is the social contexts in which children live and the people who influence their development.
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Microsystem: Within this system the student has direct interactions with parents, teachers, peers, and others.
Mesosystem: This system involves the linkages between microsystems such as family and school, and relationships between students and peers.
Exosystem: This system works when settings in which a child does not have an active role influence the student’s experiences.
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
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Continued
Macrosystem: This system involves the broader culture in which students and teachers live.
Chronosystem: The sociohistorical conditions of a student’s development.
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
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Continued
Erikson’s Life-Span Development Theory
Development proceeds in stages.
Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial challenge or
crisis.
Stages reflect the motivation of the individual.
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Erikson’s psychosocial theory - 'psychosocial' term is derived from the two source words - namely
psychological 'psycho' = mind, brain, personality, and social = external relationships and environment.
both at the heart of Erikson's theory. term extended to biopsychosocial, in which bio refers to life, as in
biological Pioneered psychoanalytical development from the late 1940's until the
1990's.
Erikson’s Human Development Stages
Trust vs. Mistrust0–2 years
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 2–4 years
Initiative vs. Guilt4–6 years
Developed through consistent love and support.
Independence fostered by support and encouragement.
Developed by exploring and accepting challenges
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Erikson’s Human Development Stages
Industry vs. Inferiority6–8 years
Identity vs. Role ConfusionAdolescence
Intimacy vs. IsolationEarly adult years
Mastery comes from success and recognition
Exploration of different paths to attain a healthy identity
Form positive, close relationships with others
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Erikson’s Human Development Stages
Generativity vs. StagnationMiddle Adulthood
Integrity vs. DespairLate Adulthood
Transmitting something positive to the next generation
Life review and retrospective evaluation of one’s past
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Strategies for Erikson’s Stages of Development
Identity• Recognize that identity is multi- dimensional• Encourage independent thinking• Stimulate students to examine different perspectives•Industry• Nourish motivation for mastery• Be tolerant of honest mistakes •Initiative• Encourage social play• Have children assume responsibility• Structure assignments for success
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Contemporary Theories in the Classroom
Child is embedded in several environmental systems
Important link between schools and families
Community, culture, and socioeconomic status are powerful influences
Encourage imagination and social play— Initiative
Nourish the motivation for mastery—Industry
Recognize the value of self-exploration— Identity
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EriksonBronfenbrenner
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COMPARISON BETWEEN ERIKSON AND FRUED THEORY
Erikson was interest and compassion for people, especially young people,
Erikson's proposed eight stages o9d developmental powerful model
Erikson's concept incorporated cultural and social aspects Freud's biological and sexually oriented theory. Erikson's theory is useful for teaching, parenting, self-
awareness, managing and coaching, dealing with conflict, and generally for understanding self and others .
developmental stage involves a crisis of two opposing emotional forces. A helpful term used by Erikson for these opposing forces is 'contrary dispositions'.
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Social Contexts and
Socioemotional Development
Social Contextsof Development
Families Peers Schools
Baumrind’s Parenting Styles
AuthoritarianParents place firm limits and controls on children. Children tend to be socially incompetent with poor communication skills.
IndulgentParents are highly involved but set few restrictions. Children have poor self-control.
Neglectful Parents are permissive and uninvolved. Children have poor self-control and low achievement motivation.
AuthoritativeParents are nurturing and supportive. Children are self-reliant, get along with peers, and have high self-esteem.
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Peer Relationships
Neglected•Infrequently “best friend”
•Are not disliked
Rejected•Seldom
“best friend”•Often disliked
Controversial•Frequently
“best friend”•Often disliked
Popular•Listen carefully
•Act like themselves•Show enthusiasm
•Are happy
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Socioemotional Development
Socioemotional Development
The SelfMoral
Development
Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
Self-Esteem is the affective or emotional reaction to one’sself-concept (reflects a person’s overall confidence and
satisfaction with oneself ).
Self-Concept is a cognitive appraisal of our social, physical, and academic competence (a measure of such
things are our skill in various subject areas, our assessment of our appearance, and the skill we have in peer relationships).
Academic skills
Social skills Physical Cognitive
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Improving Children’s Self-Esteem
Encourage and facilitate Competence in areas students find important
Improvement of academic skills through the use of professional tutors, parent volunteers, and peer tutors
Emotional support and social approval by parents, friends, and peers
Social skills that promote positive peer relationships
Coping skills to face the day-to-day problems as they appear
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Domains of Moral DevelopmentPiaget’s Theory of Moral Development
Heteronomous morality age 4–7
Autonomous moralityage 7–10
Rules are unchangeable properties of the worldImminent justice—if the rule is broken, punishment is immediate
Laws are created by people, and intention and consequences should be considered.
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