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Eric E. Hobbs (Milwaukee)
Presented by:
A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar
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Overview
• Introduction
• Post-Incident Drug Testing and Incentive Programs
• New Rules and Standards
• OSHA Regulatory Agenda
• What’s Current in Enforcement
• Repeat Citations Case
• OSHA Personnel Update
• OSHRC Personnel Update
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 3
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Post-Incident Drug Testing and Safety Incentive Programs
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 4
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New Position as of October 11, 2018
• Reversed OSHA’s position in Preamble to 2016 Electronic Recordkeeping Rule
• “… [T]he Department [of Labor]’s position [is] that 29 C.F.R. §1904.35(b)(1)(iv) does not prohibit workplace safety incentive programs or post-incident drug testing”
• Other inconsistent OSHA interpretive documents superseded
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 5
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Post-Incident Drug Testing
• “Most instances of workplace drug testing are permissible…”
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 6
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Key Example of Permissible Drug Testing
• Drug testing to evaluate root cause of workplace incident that harmed or could have harmed employees
• Note: If employer chooses to use drug testing to investigate incident, employer should test all employees whose conduct could have contributed to incident, not just employees who reported injuries
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 7
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Safety Incentive Programs
• How about “rate-based” incentive programs?• E.g., “No injuries this month and everyone gets pizza”; OR
• E.g., “Any injuries this quarter and bonus is reduced”
• Permissible… as long as not implemented in a manner that discourages reporting
• No change in law
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 8
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Safety Incentive Programs
• “Positive action” taken under this type of program always permissible
• E.g., rewards for reporting hazards, near misses
• But what’s “positive action”?
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 9
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Safety Incentive Programs
• Negative action against employee under rate-based incentive program permissible as long as employer has implemented “adequate precautions to ensure that employees feel free to report an injury or illness”
• Say what??
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 10
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“Adequate Precautions” – Examples
• Incentive program that rewards employees for identifying unsafe conditions in workplace; OR
• Training program for all employees to reinforce reporting rights and responsibilities and emphasize employer’s non-retaliation policy; OR
• Mechanism for accurately evaluating employees’ willingness to report injuries and illnesses
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 11
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What’s Current in (Relevant) Rules and Rulemaking
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 12
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New Rules and Standards
• Miscellaneous• Crane and Derricks in Construction – training/certification requirements
– effective December 9, 2018• Retains option of an audited employer program
• Adds a step that, after operators obtain certification based on crane type, employers must evaluate operators on equipment that they will use
• Silica – Challenge to Standard rejected by D.C. Circuit• New FAQ:
https://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/silicacrystalline/SilicaGeneralIndustryFAQs.pdf
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 13
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New Rules and Standards
• Quantitative Fit Testing Protocol: Amendment to Final Rule on Respiratory Protection – Sept. 26, 2019
• Recognizes (App. A) two new quantitative fit test protocols that reduce time required to complete test while maintaining acceptable test sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value
• Modified ambient aerosol condensation nuclei counter (CNC) quantitative fit testing protocol:
• For full-facepiece and half-mask elastrometric respirators
• For filtering facepiece respirators
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 14
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New Rules and Standards
• Electronic Reporting Rule (Final) – Pub. January 25, 2019• Employers with 250+ employees in a single establishment — no need to
e-file 300 Logs or Forms 301 • Still must e-file 300A summaries annually
• Reason: Collection of 300 logs/301s “adds uncertain enforcement benefits, while significantly increasing the risk to worker privacy”
• Employers must include EINs when e-filing Forms 300A to “reduce or eliminate duplicative reporting”
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 15
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New Rules and Standards
• Challenges to Electronic Reporting Rule• Public Citizen suit: New rule changing old rule violates APA – dismissed
Sept. 26, 2019
• One suit (left) challenging – Oklahoma – still pending• Oklahoma judge lifted stay on March 20, 2019
• Issue in Oklahoma case: citations for employee whistleblower discrimination or retaliation without a complainant
• Public Citizen FOIA litigation – pending
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 16
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Regulatory Agenda of Interest
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 17
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Lockout/Tagout Update
• New technology and computer-based controls compels another look at updating the Standard
• RFI: October 2018
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 18
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Powered Industrial Trucks
• 1910.252 based on 1969 ANSI Standard
• Currently covers 11 types of trucks; there are now 19 types
• Comments received in response to March 11, 2019, RFI now being analyzed
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 19
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Walking-Working Surfaces
• “OSHA has received feedback from stakeholders indicating that several regulatory provisions of the 2016 final rule on Walking–Working Surfaces (81 FR 82494) are unclear”
• Plan: (a) to correct formatting error in Table D-2; (2) to revise language of requirements for stair rail systems to make clearer and “reflect OSHA's original intent”
• NPRM: April 2020
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 20
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Standards Improvement Project
• Purpose: “To remove or revise duplicative, unnecessary, and inconsistent safety and health standards”
• Final Rule stage
• Target: May 2019 (oops)
• Good luck!
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 21
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Hazard Communication Standard Update
• Purpose to catch up with GHS updates since March 2012
• NPRM January 2020 (oops)
• Postponed twice from March 2019
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 22
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Drug Testing/Safety Incentive Update
• Long-term agenda
• Proposal to include in 1904.35(b)(1)(iv) drug testing/safety incentive program language of October 2018 Memorandum
• Attempt to stall pending case in Oklahoma?
• NPRM November 2020
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 23
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Reduction of Lead Level for Medical Removal
• Long-term agenda
• Lead standards presently based on 35-year-old lead toxicity information
• Recommendation of third parties to reduce permissible blood lead level to 10 µg/dL
• ANPRM date unpublished
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 24
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What’s Current in Enforcement
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 25
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New Maximum Penalties
• Serious and Other-than-Serious: $13,260 $13,494
• Repeat: $132,598 $134,937
• Willful: $132,598 $134,937• Minimum: $9472 $9639
• Failure to Abate: $13,260 $13,494 (per day)
• Failure to Post: $13,260 $13,494
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 26
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New FOM
• Effective September 13, 2019
• Updated to include changes in enforcement policy• Walkaround representatives
• Reversion to pre-Obama Administration penalty calculation/adjustment factors (mitigation v. aggravation)
• “Probable cause” standard for expansion of complaint/referral inspection
• No change in look-back period for repeat citations
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 27
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Site-Specific Targeting (SST)
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 28
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SST-16
• Program adopted in FY18; Inspections began in FY19
• Based on CY 2016 injury and illness information submitted electronically
• Whom will OSHA inspect?• Establishments with above-industry-average DART rates
• Random selection of establishments with low DART rates
• What kind of inspections will OSHA conduct?• Comprehensive (safety or health)
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 29
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SST-16
• OSHA also will perform inspections of employers it believes should have provided 300A data, but did not
• Who was required to submit 300As electronically?• Establishments with 250 or more employees
• Establishments with 20 – 249 employees in industries with high injury rates
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 30
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Recent OSHA Enforcement Trends
• Majority of inspections now unprogrammed: e.g., FAT/CAT, amputations, hospitalizations, losses of eyes, complaints
• Generally true of state-plan inspections, too
• Examples of programmed inspections:• National/regional/local emphasis program inspections
• SST inspections
• Increase in SST-16 inspections
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 31
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Recent OSHA Enforcement Trends
• Also, new emphasis on “EU” inspection credits (recently modified)
• Not all inspections equal
• Resulting incentive for CSHO/AD to expand inspections• “Plain sight”
• NEP/REP/LEP
• Trend – Fewer inspection expansions … but not by much
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 32
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Recent OSHA Enforcement Trends
• Increased number of “RRI” responses to reports of hospitalizations, losses of eyes, even amputations
• Reason: limited resources
• Less often true in amputation cases
• Framing of report to OSHA critical; can invite or discourage inspection
• Critical to control scope of inspection, path of travel, information provided OSHA
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 33
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OSHRC’s Repeat Citations Decision
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 34
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Angelica Textile Services
• OSHA’s position: For repeat, need show only same type of equipment or process or involved standard/rule
• “Substantial similarity”
• Departure from Potlatch standard (1979 OSHRC decision)
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 35
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Angelica Textile Services
• OSHRC: Showing of disparate condition or hazards can rebut substantial similarity showing
• OSHRC: Abatement steps employer took in response to first citation also may be affirmative defense to repeat classification in second case: seek out/address similar non-compliance
• OSHRC: OSHA’s “acceptance” of abatement may reinforce affirmative defense
• On appeal to 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 36
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OSHA Personnel Update
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 37
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Scott Mugno – Withdrew September 2019
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 38
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February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 39
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February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 40
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OSHRC Personnel Update
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 42
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OSHRC Losses
Cynthia Attwood
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 43
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Old OSHRC Faces
Jim Sullivan
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 44
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New and Old OSHRC Faces
Amanda Wood Laihow Cynthia Attwood
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 45
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Questions?
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 46
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Thank You!
Eric E. Hobbs
Ogletree Deakins
The Pabst Boiler House
1243 North 10th Street, Suite 200
Milwaukee, WI 53205
414-239-6414
www.ogletree.com
February 20, 2020 A (Belated) Year-End OSHA Update Webinar 47