Download - Equations attempt to show only the exact particles involved in the reaction. Net Ionic Equations
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Equations attempt to show only
the exact particles involved in the
reaction.
Net Ionic Equations
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You must first decide - are
substances written as molecules
or ions?
Net Ionic Equations
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(NH4)2S + Fe(NO3)2 2NH4NO3 + FeS
This is a molecular equation.
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(NH4)2S + Fe(NO3)2 2NH4NO3 + FeS
S-2 + Fe+2 FeS
This is the same equation
written in net ionic form.
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
Which are molecules?
Which are ions?
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Seven rules to help you decide ionsSeven rules to help you decide ions
or molecules.or molecules.
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Rule #1 - Binary acidsRule #1 - Binary acids
Strong Acids are written in ionic form.Strong Acids are written in ionic form.
Examples: HCl, HBr, HI Examples: HCl, HBr, HI
Weak Acids are written in molecular form.Weak Acids are written in molecular form.
Examples: All Others Examples: All Others
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Rule #2 - Ternary acidsRule #2 - Ternary acids
Strong Ternary Acids: Strong Ternary Acids: the number of oxygen atoms the number of oxygen atoms exceeds the number of hydrogen exceeds the number of hydrogen atoms by two or more, are written atoms by two or more, are written in ionic form. in ionic form.
Examples: HExamples: H22SOSO44, HNO, HNO33
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Weak ternary acids are written Weak ternary acids are written in molecular form.in molecular form.
Examples: HExamples: H33POPO44
Rule #2 - Ternary acidsRule #2 - Ternary acids
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Rule #3 - Polyprotic acidsRule #3 - Polyprotic acids
Those acids have more than oneThose acids have more than one
ionizable hydrogen atom. ionizable hydrogen atom.
The first hydrogen is ionized. The first hydrogen is ionized.
The second and all other ionizations are The second and all other ionizations are
always weak.always weak.
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Rule #4 - BasesRule #4 - Bases
Hydroxides of Groups (IA) and (IIA),Hydroxides of Groups (IA) and (IIA),
except Be, are strong bases andexcept Be, are strong bases and
written in ionic form. written in ionic form.
All others are weak bases and written All others are weak bases and written
in molecular form.in molecular form.
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Rule #5 - SaltsRule #5 - Salts
Salts are written in molecular Salts are written in molecular
form if they are insoluble. form if they are insoluble.
Salts are written in ionic form ifSalts are written in ionic form if
they are soluble.they are soluble.
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Salt Solubility RulesSalt Solubility Rules
Salts of Group (IA) and ammonia areSalts of Group (IA) and ammonia aresoluble. soluble.
Acetates and nitrates are soluble.Acetates and nitrates are soluble.
Binary compounds of Group (VIIA),Binary compounds of Group (VIIA),except F, with metals, except Ag, Hgexcept F, with metals, except Ag, Hg+1+1,,and Pb, are solubland Pb, are soluble.e.
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All sulfates are soluble, except those ofAll sulfates are soluble, except those of
Ba, Sr, Pb, Ca, Ag, and HgBa, Sr, Pb, Ca, Ag, and Hg+1+1. .
Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates,Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates,
hydroxides, oxides, sulfides, andhydroxides, oxides, sulfides, and
phosphates are insoluble.phosphates are insoluble.
Salt Solubility RulesSalt Solubility Rules
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Rule #6 - oxidesRule #6 - oxides
Oxides are always written inOxides are always written in
molecular form.molecular form.
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Rule #7 - gasesRule #7 - gases
Gases are always written inGases are always written in
molecular form.molecular form.
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
molecule or ion?
Which Rule?
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
H+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq)
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
H+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) molecule
or ion?Which Rule?
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
H+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) H2O(l)
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
H+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) H2O(l) molecule
or ion?Which Rule?
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
H+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
H+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
To check the answer,ask these two questions:
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
H+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
Do both sides of the arrowhave the same number of elements?
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Write this in net ionic form:
H2SO4(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
H+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) H2O(l) + SO3(aq)
Do both sides of the arrowhave the same total charge?
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Spectator ionsSpectator ions
Ions appearing onIons appearing on
BOTH sides of BOTH sides of
the equation. the equation.
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They are They are assumedassumed
to take no part into take no part in
the reaction and the reaction and
are canceled. are canceled.
Spectator ionsSpectator ions
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They are NOT partThey are NOT part
of a net ionicof a net ionic
equation.equation.
Spectator ionsSpectator ions
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Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
molecule or ion?
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq)
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq)
molecule or ion?
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq) + H+
(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq) + H+
(aq) + HSO4-(aq)molecule
or ion?
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq) + H+
(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
Ag2SO4(cr)
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq) + H+
(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
Ag2SO4(cr)
molecule or ion?
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq) + H+
(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
Ag2SO4(cr) + 2H+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq)
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq) + H+
(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
Ag2SO4(cr) + 2H+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq)
Spectator ions?Spectator ions?
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq) + H+
(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
Ag2SO4(cr) + 2H+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq)
Spectator ions?Spectator ions?
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq) + H+
(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
Ag2SO4(cr) + 2H+(aq) + 2NO3
-(aq)
Spectator ions?Spectator ions?
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + H+
(aq)
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + H+
(aq)
Are elements balanced?Are elements balanced?
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + H+
(aq)
Is the charge the sameIs the charge the sameon both sides of the arrow?on both sides of the arrow?
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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2AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + 2HNO3(aq)
2Ag+(aq) + HSO4
-(aq) Ag2SO4(cr) + H+
(aq)
This IS theThis IS thenet ionic equation!net ionic equation!
Write in net ionic formWrite in net ionic form
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Net Ionic EquationsNet Ionic Equations
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