-
Envisioning Ecodesign Definitions, Case Studies and Best Practice
-
The European Network of Ecodesign Centres (ENEC) was founded in 2012.
The five founding members are: EcodesignCentre(Wales) Effizienz-AgenturNRW(NorthRhine-Westphalia) OVAM(Flanders/Belgium) Ihobe(BasqueCountry) PôleEco-Conception(Rhone-Alps,France)
ThisreportwasauthoredbyDrSharonPrendeville,MichaelNiemczyk,ChrisSanders,EvelynLafond,AnderElgorriaga,SamuelMayerandDiarraKane.Forfurtherinformationpleasecontactecodesign.enec@gmail.com
-
3
Todeliveronthismission,ENECpartnersrequireasharedvisionofecodesignandthisdocumentdescribesthatvision.
Thishasbeenco-createdbythepartners,bysharingeachpartner’suniqueunderstandingofecodesign.Thisco-creationprocess
issupportedbyexistingacademicliteratureandcriteriaindicativeofbest-practicecasestudiesofecodesign.Tosupportthis
eachENECpartnerpresentsabest-practiceexampleofecodesignfromtheirrespectiveregion.
Thedocumentisstructuredintothefollowingsections:DefiningEcodesign;DistinguishingbetweenLifeCycleThinkingand
EnvironmentalBurden-Shifting;DistinguishingbetweenEcodesign,GreenDesignandRelatedAreas;CriteriaforBestPractice;
BestPracticeCase-Studies.
Our mission is to
openly exchange knowledge, experience
and best practice on all aspects of ecodesign
to make good design, ecodesign happen.
1. Introduction
-
2. Defining Ecodesign
Thissectionanalyses34definitionsofecodesignincludingeachpartner’sproposeddefinitionaswellasaselectionfromtheliterature.Twoapproachestodefiningecodesigncanbeidentified:(1)strategicand(2)operationaldefinitions.Table1presentsalistofthesedefinitionsinchronologicalorder.
Definitionsareclassifiedaccordingto:working;policy;academic;standard;encyclopedic. Themostcommoncharacteristicsofecodesigndefinitionsare:
(1)environmentalimpactreduction(2)lifecyclethinkingand(3)takingaproductdesignfocus.
Traditionallyecodesignhasbeenseenasapplicabletoproducts(includingpackaging),whereasmorerecentlyitsfieldofapplicationhasbroadenedtoincludeservicesandsystems.
Adistinctionbetweenlifecyclethinkingandburden-shiftingisalsoidentifiedanddiscussedfurtherinsection3.
Figure 1 Visionary Ecodesign Figure 2 Operational Ecodesign
constraints
operational ecodesign
processes&
procedures
coordinatedproduct planning
set of project
practices
eco-efficiency
product,services & systems
systematic
wasteprevention
strategies & measures
proactiveapproach
visionaryecodesign
holistic
good design & good business
a mindset
social
cultural
ethical
4
-
5
Table 1 Definitions of Ecodesign
author source year definition type1 Lindhaland
Ekermannacademic 2013 Eco-Designisnotaspecificmethodortool,butrathera
wayofbetterdesignthroughanalyzingandsynthesisinginordertoreduceenvironmentalimpactsthroughouttheproduct’slifecycle.
Strategic
2 Sustainableminds working/web 2013 Ecodesignsystematicallyincorporatesenvironmentaldecisionsintothedesignprocess.Threekeyapproachesshapetheframeworkandpracticeofecodesign:1.Lifecyclethinking;2.Decreaseenvironmentalimpactearlyinthedesignprocess;3.Environmentasanadditionaldesignrequirement.
Operational
3 Dewulf academic 2013 EcodesignandDesignforEnvironment(DfE)aretermsforstrategiesthataimtointegrateenvironmentalconsiderationsintoproductdesignanddevelopment.
Operational
4 EuropeanCommission
policy 2012 Ecodesignimpliestakingintoaccountalltheenvironmen-talimpactsofaproductrightfromtheearlieststageofdesign.Inparticular,thisavoidsuncoordinatedproductplanning(forexample,eliminatingatoxicsubstanceshouldnotleadtohigherenergyconsumption,whichonbalancecouldhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironment).
Operational
5 Plouffeetal. academic 2011 Ecodesigninvolvessimultaneouslytakingintoaccounttheenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththeselectionofmaterials,themanufacturingprocess,thestorageandtransportationphase,usage,andfinaldisposal.
Operational
6 ISO14006 standard 2011 Ecodesignistheintegrationofenvironmentalaspectsintoproductdesignanddevelopmentwiththeaimofreducingadverseenvironmentalimpactsthroughoutaproduct’slifecycle.
Operational
7 IHOBE working 2011 Ecodesignistheintegrationofenvironmentalaspectsintoproductdesignanddevelopmentwiththeaimofreducingadverseenvironmentalimpactsthroughoutaproduct’slifecycle.
Operational
8 Borchardtetal. academic 2011 Ecodesignisasetofprojectpracticesorientedtothecreationofeco-efficientproductsandprocesses.
Operational
9 Zhaoetal. academic 2010 DFEisapracticebywhichenvironmentalconsiderationsareintegratedintoproductandprocessengineeringdesignprocedures.
Operational
10 Pigossoetal. academic 2010 Ecodesignisaproactiveapproachofenvironmentalmanagementthataimstoreducethetotalenvironmentalimpactofproducts.
Operational
-
11 Platcheck academic 2008 Ecodesignisaholisticviewinthat,startingfromthemomentweknowtheenvironmentalproblemsanditscauses,webegintoinfluencetheconception,thematerialsselection,theproduction,theuse,thereuse,therecyclingandfinaldispositionofindustrialproducts.
Operational
12 GuelereFilhoetal. academic 2007 Ecodesign(Europe)orDesignforEnvironment(US)impliesanewwayofdevelopingproductswhereenvironmentalaspectsaregiventhesamestatusasfunctionality,durability,costs,time-to-market,aesthetics,ergonomicsandquality.Ecodesignaimsatimprovingtheproduct’senvironmentalperformanceandmaybeseenasawayofdevelopingproductsinaccordancewiththesustainabledevelopmentconcept.
Operational
13 BhamraandLof-thouse
Textbook(DesignforSustainabilityp.39)
2007 Environmentalconsiderationsareconsideredateachstageofthedesignprocess.
Operational
14 KarlssonandLuttropp
academic 2006 EcodesignisaboutDesigninandforsustainabledevelopment.
Strategic
15 EDC working 2006 Ecodesignissimplygooddesignandgoodbusinesspractice.It’sawayofthinkinganddoing.
Strategic
16 Alonso academic 2006 Ecodesignintegratesenvironmentalcriteriainthedesignofproductsandservices,soastogetthereductionofenvironmentalimpactstheyproduce,takingintoaccountallstagesoftheirlifecycle.
Operational
17 Ölundh academic 2006 Modernisingecodesignmeanstakingadvantageofenvironmentalbenefitsandtheinnovationpotentialwhendevelopingsolutionsratherthanusingecodesignsimplytoensurethatlegalrequirementsorcustomerdemandsaremet.
Operational
18 Lexique encyclope-dia/web
2006 Ecodesignisamethodofdesigningproductsthattakesintoaccounttheirimpactontheenvironmentatallstagesoftheirlifecycle.Itmayforexampleresultinthechoiceofarecyclableorbiodegradablematerialforpackagingorthedevelopmentofawashingpowdereffectiveincoldwatertoreducetheenergyconsumptionofwashingmachines.
Operational
19 Interreg(learnecodesign)
academic 2005 Ecodesign(alsodesignfortheenvironment,lifecycledesign,environmentallyconsciousdesign)isthesystematicmethodologythatincorporatesenvironmentalconsidera-tionsintothedesignprocessofproducts.
Operational
6
-
7
20 Manzini academic 2005 Theterm“ecodesign”indicatesadesignactivityaimedatconnectingwhatis“technicallypossible”towhatis“ecologicallynecessary”inordertoformulatenewsociallyandculturallyacceptableproposals.
Strategic
21 EcodesignDirective policy 2005 Ecodesignistheintegrationofenvironmentalaspectsintoproductdesignwiththeaimofimprovingtheenviron-mentalperformanceoftheproductthroughoutitswholelifecycle.
Operational
22 Wimmeretal. academic 2004 Ecodesignishowtointegrateenvironmentalconsiderationsintoproductdesignanddevelopment.
Operational
23 Bhamra academic 2004 Ecodesignisunderstoodtobethesystematicintegrationofenvironmentalconsiderationsintothedesignprocessacrosstheproductlifecycle,fromcradletograve.
Operational
24 PoleEco-conception
policy 2004 Eco-designhelpsreducethenegativeenvironmentalimpactsthroughoutthelifecycleoftheproductduringthedesignphase.
Operational
25 EFA standard 2003 ThroughtheintegrationofLifeCycleThinkingandevaluationofenvironmentalimpactsnewmethodsandtoolswillbeneededintheproductdevelopmentprocesstodevelopenvironmentallypreferableproducts.Ecodesignthereforewillbecomeanintegratedpartofthestateoftechnologyproductdevelopmentprocesses.
Operational
26 OVAM policy 2003 Ecodesignassumesthattheeffectaproducthasontheenvironmentshouldbeconsideredandreducedatallstagesalongtheproductlifecycle.Thesestagesincludetheextractionoftherawmaterials,themanufacturingoftheproduct,itsmarketinganddistribution,theuseandfinally,thedisposalofaproduct.Thetermproductincludeshard-wareaswellassoftwarerespectivelyservices.Ecodesignproductsare„flexible,reliable,durable,adaptable,modular,dematerialisedandreusable“.
Operational
27 Dewulf academic 2003 Itcomprisesthesystematicintegrationofenvironmentalaspectsintoproductdesignwiththeaimtoreducetheoverallenvironmentalimpactoftheproductthroughoutitswholelifecycle.
Operational
28 ISO14062 standard 2002 Doesn‘tdefineecodesignbutdiscussedintegrationofenvironmentalconsiderationsinproductdevelopment.
Operational
-
29 Fuad-Luke Textbook(Ecode-sign-TheSourcebook-glossary)
2002 Adesignprocessthatconsiderstheenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwithaproductthroughoutitsentirelifefromacquisitionofrawmaterialsthroughproduction/manufacturingandusetoendoflife.Atthesametimeasreducingenvironmentalimpactsecodesignseekstoimprovetheaestheticandfunctionalaspectsoftheproductwithdueconsiderationtosocialandethicalneeds.Eco-designissynonymouswiththetermsdesignforenvironment(DfE),oftenusedbytheengineeringdesignprofession,andlifecycledesign(LCD)inNorthAmerica.
Operational
30 SherwinandEvans academic 2000 Thedesignofaproduct,serviceorsystemwiththeaimofminimisingtheoverallimpactontheenvironment.
Operational
31 BrezetandvanHemel
academic 1997 Eco-designconsidersenvironmentalaspectsatallstagesoftheproductdevelopmentprocess,strivingforproductswhichmakethelowestpossibleenvironmentalimpactthroughouttheproductlifecycle.
Operational
32 Fiksel academic 1996 Ecodesignisaprocessthatdevelopsaproductthatmeetscost,performance,quality,aswellasenvironmentalattributesofaproductbyintegratingenvironmentalaspectsintoproductdesignengineeringprocess.
Operational
33 EcodesignPlatform working/web
1996 Ecodesignassumesthattheeffectaproducthasontheenvironmentshouldbeconsideredandreducedatallstagesalongtheproductlifecycle.
Operational
34 Wikipedia encyclopedia/web
ND Ecodesignisanapproachtodesignofaproductwithspecialconsiderationfortheenvironmentalimpactsoftheproductduringitswholelifecycle.
Operational
8
-
9
Considerationofthewholelifecycleisknownaslifecyclethinkingandisfundamentaltoecodesign.Lifecyclethinkingdiffersfromtraditionaldesignthinkinginthatitexpandthefocusofdesignersfromdesignandmanufacturingstagestoincludeadditionalupstreamstages,downstreamstagesandtransportationbetweeneachofthese.Theintentionoflifecyclethinkingistoconveytherisksofenvironmentalburdenshiftingortrade-offs,alongproductlifecycles.
Figure 3 Life Cycle Thinking
Trade-offsarisewhenenvironmentalimprovementsatonestageofalifecyclecanhavenegativeimpactsfurtherupstreamordownstreaminthelifecycle.Forexample,materialsubstitutionmayprovidealesstoxicsolutionbutreducethedurabilityofaproduct.Suchcomplexscenariosarecommoninecodesigndecision-makingbutpoorlyrepresentedintheecodesignliterature.OfthenumerousecodesigndefinitionsidentifiedinTable1theEuropeanCommission’sdefinitionispotentiallythemostholisticasitintegratestheriskofthesetrade-offsinapplyingecodesignstrategies.
TheJointResearchCouncil(JRC)suggeststhatthe‘keytolifecyclethinkingisburden-shifting’andthedefinitionsidentifiedtendtouseboth.Thoughthesetermsappeartobeusedinterchangeably,theyarenotoneandthesame.Lifecyclethinkingmayreferto,forexample,designingfordisassemblyattheearlystagesofproductdevelopmenttofostereasyrecyclingattheendoflife.Whereas,burden-shiftingmayrefertodesigningfordisassemblytosupportrecyclingattheendoflife,wheredesignfordisassemblymayrequiremorecomplexmaterialswhichinhibitsrecyclabilityofthatproduct.
Figure 4 Life Cycle Stages
3. Distinguishing between Life Cycle Thinking and Environmental Burden-Shifting
raw materialextraction
componentmanufacturing
productassembly
distribution& retail
useend of lifedisposal
raw materialextraction
distribution& retail
production use end of life
traditional design thinking
life cycle thinking
reusereuse& resale
remanufacturingrecycling
landfill
waste to energy
-
Approachingecodesignasanadditionalnewproductdevelopmentconstraintcanpotentiallyofferaneasyentry-pointintoacompany’straditionalorstandardprocesses.Integratingecodesignwithinacompany’sprocessestranslatesintoabusinessopportunityforinnovationandcompetitiveadvantage.Ithasbeensuggestedthatintegratingecodesigninproductdevelopmentprocessescanreduceenvironmentalimpactsbyupto80%(GraedelandAllenby1995).Thefurtheralongthenewproductdevelopmentprocessis,themoredifficultitbecomestoimplementdesignchangesoraddressenvironmentalimpacts.Assuch,environmentalimpactscanbecomelocked-in.Reflectingthis,GuelereFilhoetal.(2007)defineecodesignasanotheroneofthemanyconstraintsthatdriveinnovationandcreativityinnewproductdevelopment.Thus,companiesneedtobeawareofpotentialimpactsearlyinthedesignprocess(Bhamra,2004;SherwinandEvans,2000).Ecodesignneedstobeanintegratedactivity,consideredearlyinthedesignprocessandrepresentedinthebriefalongsideotherconstraintsthatadesignteamconsiders.Manyauthorsstresstheimportanceofthisearlystageaction(Dewulf,2013;SherwinandEvans,2000;KarlssonandLuttropp,2006).Thisisbecauseitisalsoatthisearlystageofthenewproductdevelopmentprocessthatmuchofthecostsaredetermined,makingdesignchangesexpensiveasnewproductdevelopmentprogresses.
Ecodesignisalsoastrategicapproachtodesigningproductstoreduceenvironmentalimpactsacrossthewholeproductlifecycle.Thewholelifecycleincludesrawmaterialextraction,production,transportation,useandend-of-lifecyclestages.Dependingontheproductorsectoroneormanyofthesestagesmaybecomemoreimportantandrepresent,orcarry,thekeyenvironmentalimpacts.Thisdependsonmanyfactorssuchassupplychaincomplexityanditsglobaldistribution,proximitytotheendmarketandenergyconsumptionduringtheusephase,amongstothers.Thisconceptisknownastheoccurrenceofhotspotsonthelifecycle.
10
-
11
Determiningifanenvironmentalimpactreductionispurelyonaccountofanecodesignapproachmaybedifficult.Forexample,someenvironmentalimpactreductionsaredrivenbycostreductionsachievedthroughresourceefficiencymeasures,ratherthanaprioritisationofenvironmentalimpactreductionthroughecodesignactivities.Todistinguishbetweenecodesignandotherareasanumberofdefinitionsofcloselyrelatedareashavebeencollated.Greendesignfocusesonsingleenvironmentalissuesandsustainabledesignincorporateswidersocialandeconomiccriteria.In1998,theWuppertalInstitutedevelopedtheMaterialInputPerServiceunit(MIPS),toaddressabsolutedecouplingofenvironmentalimpactsfromeconomicgrowth.TheWuppertalInstitute’sperspectiveonresourceefficiencydoesnotincludeenvironmentalimpactreduction,whereas,theUNEPdefinitionlistedinTable2does.RecentresearchbyPrendeville(2014)alignswiththeperspectiveoftheWuppertalInstitute.Thisstudyshowedthatcertainresourceefficiencymeasurestakenbyaspecificcompanyconflictedwithlonger-termenvironmentalimpactreduction.
Table 2 Definitions of areas closely related to Ecodesign
SOURCE YEAR TYPE DEFINITION
Green Design BhamraandLof-thouse
2008 TextBook Greendesignfocusesonsingleissues,forexampletheinclusionofrecycledorrecyclableplastic,orconsiderationofenergyconsumption.
Fuad-Luke 2002 Textbook(Ecodesign-TheSourcebook-glossary)
Adesignprocessinwhichthefocusisonassessinganddealingwithindividualenvironmentalimpactsofaproductratherthanontheproduct‘sentirelifecycle.
Sustainable DesignThorpe2006(DesignersAtlasofSustainability)
2006 Textbook Theoriesandpracticesfordesignthatcultivateecological,economic,andculturalconditionsthatwillsupporthumanwell-beingindefinitely.
Design for EnvironmentMcGrawHillScienceandTech-nologyDictionary
Textbook Amethodologyforthedesignofproductsandsystemsthatpromotespollutionpreventionandresourceconservationbyincludingwithinthedesignprocessthesystematicconsidera-tionoftheenvironmentalimplicationsofengineeringdesigns.AbbreviatedDFE.
Fuad-Luke(2002) 2002 Textbook(Ecodesign-TheSourcebook-glossary)
Theanalysisandoptimizationoftheenvironmental,healthandsafetyissuesconsideredovertheentirelifeoftheproduct.DFEpermitsresourcedepletion,wasteproductionandenergyusagetobereducedoreveneliminatedduringthemanufacture,useanddisposalorreuseoftheproduct.
Design for Sustainability BhamraandLof-thouse2007
2007 TextBook Designthatconsiderstheenvironment(forexampleresourceuseandend-of-lifeimpact)andsocialimpactofaproduct(forexampleusability,responsibleuse).
4. Distinguishing between Ecodesign, Green Design and Related Areas
-
Ecological Design VanderRynandCowan(ascitedbyTheSustainableDesignHandbookp.14)
TextBook Designthattransformsmatterandenergyusingprocessesthatarecompatibleandsynergisticwithnatureandmodelledonnaturalsystems.
Sustainable Product Design Fuad-Luke(2002) 2002 Textbook(Ecodesign-The
Sourcebook-glossary)Adesignphilosophyandpracticeinwhichproductscontributetosocialandeconomicwell-being,havenegligibleimpactsontheenvironmentandcanbeproducedfromasustainableresourcebase.Itembodiesthepracticeofeco-design,withdueattentiontoenvironmental,ethicalandsocialfactors,butalsoincludeseconomicconsiderationsandassessmentsofresourceavailabilityinrelationtosustainableproduction.
Resource EfficiencyUNEP Circa
2010UNEP:ResourceEfficiency UNEPdefinesresourceefficiencyfromalifecycleandvalue
chainperspective.Thismeansreducingthetotalenvironmentalimpactoftheproductionandconsumptionofgoodsandservices,fromrawmaterialextractiontofinaluseanddisposal.
12
-
13
Asetoftypicalproductcharacteristicsisevidentintheecodesigndefinitionsthathavebeenidentified.Withinthesedefinitionsthereisfewreferencestoeco-innovation,whichisstressedintheawardscriteria.Alsoevidentinthecasestudycriteriaistheneedforecodesigntobeembeddedwithintheorganisation(morethanaflagshipproduct)andalsothepotentialforproductscalability.ThefollowingaretheproposedcriteriaforanENECecodesigncasestudy.
1. Strategicvision,ecodesignedwithintentandanorganisationalaspect
2. Operationalintegrationduringproductdevelopment Environmentalimpactreductionofproducts,processesandservices LifeCycleThinkingwithadditionalconsiderationofburden-shifting Competitive,innovativeandscalable Quality,functionalandaesthetic
Figure 5 Criteria for Best Practice
5. Criteria for Best Practice
Best Practice
2. Operational integration during product
develo
pmen
t Competitive,
innovative
and scalable Enviromental impactreduction of products
processes and services
Qualitiy, fuctio
nal
and aesthetic
Life C
ycle T
hinkin
g
with
addit
ional
cons
iderat
ion of
burde
n-sh
ifting
-
Company: Orangebox Product: Do Chair
6. Best Practice Case-Studies
This is ecodesign because ItisdesignedincollaborationwithlocalWelshsuppliers
andmanufacturedinWales,reducingenvironmentalimpactsatthetransportstage.
Ithasareducedpartcount,streamlinedBillofMaterials(BOM)andlighterweight(25%lighterthanitsmarketpredecessor).
Thereducedpartcountandsimplifieddesignmeanitisefficienttoassemble,reducingproductioncostsandenergyconsumptionduringthemanufacturingstage.
ItisdesignedforeasydisassemblyandOrangeboxofferaproducttake-backservicefortheproductattheendoflife.
»»Website:www.orangebox.com
14
-
15
Company: Pars Pro Toto Product: Beltag
This is ecodesign because Beltagisacombinedproduct-servicethatprovidestags
(suchaskeytags,luggagelabels,stickersandclotheslabels)andcoverseverystepneededtoreturnlostpropertytoitsrightfulowner.
Thisservicetacklesaveryrealproblem.Atremendousnumberofitemsarelosteveryday.Itisoftenverydifficult,ifnotimpossibletotracetheowner.
Fortheowner,itisunpleasant,annoyingandeventraumatictolosesomethingofvalue.Becauseofthismanyfounditemsarediscardedorunused,whiletheirownerhastopurchaseanewproductinitsplace.
Thissystemlengthensthelifespanofaproductanddoesawaywiththeneedtofindareplacement.
Beltagalsobolstersanumberofother(social)values,suchaspeaceofmind,satisfaction,productattachmentandafeelingofsecurity.
ParsProTotowonacashprizeofEUR4,000andatrophyforitsdesign.
»»Website:www.beltag.com
-
Company: Studio Segers for The Heathing CompanyProduct: C2C Aluminium radiators
This is ecodesign because Theradiatorproducesoptimalheatduetothe
radiatedheatatthefrontandtheconvectedheatattheback TheAluminiumextrudedprofilescontaintwowaterchannels It‘smadeof100%recycledAluminium Theproducthasthreeimportantenergy-savingproperties: theradiatoruseslesswater,whichprovidesahighspeedresponse Aluminiumisagoodheatconductorandthereforeabetteroptionbecausea
lowwatertemperatureissufficient optimalheatisachievedbyradiatingheatfromthefrontandpreventinganyloss
ofheatthroughthewall Furthermore,theradiatoristhreetimeslighterthanasteelone.Thisbenefits
transport,assemblyandpossibleapplications.
StudioSegersreceivesacashprizeofEUR4,000andatrophy.
»»Website:www.studiosegers.be
16
-
17
This is ecodesign because Itusesnearly100%recycledmaterial(scarptires) Itcanbere-usedseveraltimeswhereasalternative
productsaresingle-use Itreducesthesteelscrapandprotectsthecoilfrom
damageduringtransportation Itisalmost100%recyclable Itisappliedtothecoilinhalfthetimeofconventional
protectionsystems
»»Website:www.krueckemeyer.de
Company: Reinhard Krückemeyer GmbH & Co. KGProduct: RK Coil Protect
-
This is ecodesign because IthasreceivedaEuropeanEcolabelandhasbeenindepen-
dentlyauditedthroughtheprocessofISO14001ecodesigncertification.
Itisaninnovativebiotechnology-basedproductthatislesshazardousthantraditionalproducts.
Itis29%moreefficientthananyotherleadingchemicalcleanerinthemarket,andisalsocompetitivelypriced.
Ithasanimprovedchemicalmake-upwithnophosphates,biocides,dyesandperfumes,orVolatileOrganicCompunds(VOCs).
»»Website:www.ab-laboratorios.com
Company: A&B Laboratorios Product: DD 474 - Machine Eco-Detergent
18
-
19
This is ecodesign because Ithasan11.61%reductioninenvironmentalimpactfor
each1000Kgofmooringlineduetoareductioninthechain‘sdiameter(reductionequivalentto156KgCO
2/T
ofchain). Ithasanoptimisedlifecycleusingrecycledrawmaterial
inputsanda100%recyclableproduct. Thechain‘sweightisdecreasedby35%incomparisonwith
previousmodels. Ithasachievedamarketshareofmorethan60%forall
mooringlineproducts.
»»Website:vicinaycadenas.net
Company: VICINAY CADENAS Product: Eco-friendly Mooring Lines
-
This is ecodesign because Ithasacompactform,andweightreductionofapproximately15% Itusesrecyclablematerials:steel,HDPE,EPDM ItismanufacturedinFrancewhichlimitsthetransportdistance ItusesaprimarycorrosionZeroZinc(Irritantfreeandnotharmfultothe
environment) ThepolyesterpowderpaintusesnosolventsorVOCs,anddoesn’trequire
additionalthinnerorwatertoapply Stockcontrolisimprovedandisbasedonanestimatedoneyear’smanufacturing,
resultingintransportationsavings Thereductionintransportcostsishighandthecumulativesavingscanreach60% TheAltaO‚®Pumpisefficientlyinstalledin30minutesanddoesnotrequirepoweroraoncretebase Theproductismadeof99%recyclablematerials Theendoflifeismanagedbythemunicipalityandcomponentsareeasilyseparatedintothe
appropriaterecyclingstreams Altinnovaparticipatedinthedevelopmentalphaseofadiagnostictool(calledSocio-Eco-Design)
developedbyPôleEco-Conceptionaspartofathesisonthesubject
»»Website:www.altinnova.com
Company: AltinnovaProduct: ALTAO® Pump
20
-
21
Anon,2006.ArchiveLexique.Availableat:http://archives.universcience.fr/francais/ala_cite/expo/tempo/defis/lexique/pop_definition_print.php?iddef=1017[AccessedFebruary11,2014].
Anon,McGrawHillDictionaryofScientificandTechnicalTermsSixthEdit.,McGraw-HillProfessional.
Anon,SustainableMinds.Availableat:http://www.sustainableminds.com/[AccessedFebruary11,2014b].
Anon,WikipediaPage.Availableat:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecodesign[AccessedFebruary11,2014c].
Bhamra,T.&Lofthouse,V.,2008.DesignforSustainability:APracticalApproach,
Bhamra,T.A.,2004.Ecodesign:thesearchfornewstrategiesinproductdevelopment.JournalofEngineeringManufacture,218B,pp.557–569.
Borchardt,M.etal.,2011.Redesignofacomponentbasedonecodesignpractices:environmentalimpactandcostreductionachievements.JournalofCleanerProduction,19(1),pp.49–57.
Brezet,H.&vanHemel,C.,1997.Ecodesign–APromisingApproachtoSUstainableProductionandConsumption,Paris.
Dewulf,K.,2013.SustainableProductInnovation:TheImportanceoftheFront-EndStageintheInnovationProcess.InP.D.Coelho,ed.AdvancesinIndustrialDesignEngineering.
Dewulf,W.,2003.Apro-activeapproachtoecodesign:Frameworkandtools.Leuven,belgium.Availableat:http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessio-nid=DDEF09FB9BE696307CFCC488DE29546C?doi=10.1.1.124.9684&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
EffizienzAgenturNRW,2013.EffizienzPreisNRW:DasRessourceneffizienteProdukt,Availableat:www.ressourceneffizienz.de.EngineeringDesignattheTechnicalUniversityofVienna,1996.EcodesignInformation.Availableat:http://www.ecodesign.at/[AccessedFebruary11,2014].
EuropeanCommission,2012.EcodesignyourFuture:HowEcodesigncanhelptheenvironmentbymakingproductssmarter,Availableat:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sustainable-business/ecodesign/files/brochure_ecodesign_en.pdf.
Fiksel,J.R.,1996.Designforenvironment:Creatingecoefficientproductsandprocesses.,NewYork:McGraw-HillPublication.
FraunhoferInstituteforReliabilityandMicrointegrationIZM,2005.Learn-Ecodesign.Availableat:http://www.ecodesignarc.info/servlet/is/218/[AccessedFebruary11,2014].
Fuad-Luke,A.,2006.ecoDesign:TheSourcebookRevisedEdition,
Graedel,T.E.&Allenby,B.R.,1995.IndustrialEcology,EnglewoodCliffs,NJ:PrenticeHall.
Guelerefilho,A.etal.,2007.ImprovingEnvironmentalPerformanceofProductsbyIntegratingEcodesignMethodsandToolsintoaReferenceModelforNewProductDevelopment.ComplexSystemsConcurrentEn,55(16),pp.1–8.
InternationalStandardsInstitute(ISO),2010.ISO14006:2011Environmentalmanagementsystems—Guidelinesforincorporatingecodesign.
InternationalStandardsInstitute(ISO),2002.ISO/TR14062:2002Environmentalmanagement--Integratingenvironmentalaspectsintoproductdesignanddevelopment.
Karlsson,R.&Luttropp,C.,2006.EcoDesign:what’shappening?AnoverviewofthesubjectareaofEcoDesignandofthepapersinthisspecialissue.JournalofCleanerProduction,14(15-16),pp.1291–1298.
Kibert,C.J.,2012.SustainableConstruction:GreenBuildingDesignandDeliveryThird.,
Lindahl,M.&Ekermann,S.,2013.StructureforCategorizationofEcoDesignMethodsandTools.InA.Y.C.Nee,B.Song,&S.-K.Ong,eds.Re-engineeringManufactu-ringforSustainabilitySE-19.SpringerSingapore,pp.117–122.Availableat:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-48-2_19.
Manzini,E.,1992.LimitsandPossibilitiesofEcoDesign;Fromthe“ecologicialre-design”ofproductstothesuggestionof“newenvironmentalscenarios.”
7. References
-
Ölundh,G.,2006.ModernisingEcodesign:EcodesignforInnovativeSolutions.RoyalInstituteofTechnology.Availableat:http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:9846/FULLTEXT01.
Pigosso,D.C.A.etal.,2010.Ecodesignmethodsfocusedonremanufacturing.JournalofCleanerProduction,18(1),pp.21–31.
Platcheck,E.R.etal.,2008.Methodologyofecodesignforthedevelopmentofmoresustainableelectro-electronicequipments.JournalofCleanerProduction,16(1),pp.75–86.
Plouffe,S.etal.,2011.Economicbenefitstiedtoecodesign.JournalofCleanerProduction,19(6-7),pp.573–579.
Prendeville,S.,2014.EcodesignandMaterialSelectionforEco-InnovationinOfficeFurniture.CardiffMetropolitanUniversity.
Sherwin,C.&Evans,S.,2000.Ecodesigninnovation:is“early”always“best”?InInternationalSymposiumonElectronicsandtheEnvironment.pp.112–117.
Schmidt-Bleek,Friedrich.DasMIPSKonzept.WenigerNaturverbrauch,mehrLebensqualitätdurchFaktor10.DroemerKnaur,München1998
THEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDTHECOUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,2009.DIRECTIVE2009/125/ECOFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENTANDOFTHECOUNCILof21October2009establishingaframeworkforthesettingofecodesignrequirementsforenergy-relatedproducts(recast),Availableat:http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:285:0010:0035:EN:PDF.
Thorpe,A.,2007.TheDesigner’sAtlasofSustainability,IslandPress,Suite300,1718ConnecticutAve.,NW,Washington,DC.
UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),2010.Resourceefficiency,Availableat:http://www.unep.org/pdf/brochures/ResourceEfficiency.pdf.
Wimmer,W.,Züst,R.&Lee,K.-M.,2004.EcodesignImplementation:ASystematicGuidanceonIntegratingEnvironmentalConsiderationsintoProductDevelopment,Springer-Netherlands.
Zhao,F.etal.,2010.IntegratedSustainableLifeCycleDesign:AReview.JournalofMechanicalDesign,132(9),p.15.
22
-
Desi
gn:l
inie
zwei
.de»»www.ecodesign-centres.org/projects.htm