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Temperature is an important determinant of plant
growth.
High as well as low temperatures influence the
growth of plants.
Broad leaved, ever green plants are very much
susceptible to low temperature.
Fall of temperature below 5 OC put a strain on
the survival of such plants.
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Deciduous plants by their adoptive
mechanism to shed foliage are better able to
tolerate low temperature.
Such plants pass their lives in dormant stage
during winter.
Generally, a temperature range of 20 30 OC
is considered ideal for majority of tropical and
subtropical plants..
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Temperate plants require chilling winter.
In majority of temperate fruit plants,flowering commences subject to
fulfillment of chilling temperature ranging
from 2 OC to 7 OC.
High temperature above 40 OC causes
scorching in plants
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The leaves show burning symptom
along tip and margin.
High temperature causes bolting and seedformation in spinach and lettuce.
Development of red colour in oranges isgoverned by low temperature.
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More severe winter favours
discontinued synthesis ofchlorophyll and unmasking of
carotenoids which imparts redcolour to oranges.
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The optimum temperature for most
of the plants varies in the range of22 OC to 27 O C.
High fluctuation in day and nighttemperature badly influences the
growth and production of plants.
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HUMIDITY
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It is a crucial component of climate
affecting growth and production of
crop.
Humidity is essential for growth ofthe plants and qualitative
development of the fruits.
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The kharif plants and vegetables
grow fast with abundant humidityduring monsoon season.
The colour, TSS (total soluble
solids), sugar and acid blend is better
in dry atmosphere having very littlehumidity.
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The oranges grown under
high humidity have thin
rind and more juice.
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Low humidity favours bettercolour development in oranges.
High humidity favours resurgence of
diseases and pests also.
High humidity during March causes
powdery mildew disease in mango.
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Fruit fly incidence is more in mango if
there is high humidity in atmosphereat the time of fruit ripening.
Fluctuation in atmospheric humidity
is the main attribute behind cracking
of fruits.
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Under low humid conditions the
fruit skin is smooth, thin andshiny and it is important where
the fruit skin is edible likeGuava, Ber, Apple etc.
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APPLE ORCHARD
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High velocity and hot winds cause heavy damage to
fruit trees.
They cause breakage of limbs of fruit trees.
High velocity winds also cause shedding of flowers
and dropping of fruits.
Dry winds bring scorching and torn ing impact on
the leaves of banana.
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The increasing wind velocity retards the activityof pollinators.
Bee activity is maximum when wind is still, gets little reduced when wind is 2-3 km per hour,
gets greatly reduced when wind velocity is 25
km per hour Their activity is altogether ceased when the wind
velocity is 40 km per hour.
In wind storm, spray of pesticide and otherchemicals become difficult.
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For successful cultivation of fruit crops,
raising of dense windbreak rows around the
orchard is necessary.
The trees like eucalyptus. shisham, casuarina,
seedling mango, jamun etc.may be used as
wind breaks.
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RAINFALL
The Amount and distribution of rainfall is
important factors in growth and development ofcrop.
Rain at the time of flowering washes out pollen
grains and greatly reduces the fruit set.
A year of normal rainfall creates conducive
condition and RESULTS in better growth and
harvest of plant..
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The fruits like guava, pomegranate,
ber and sapota in which flowering
synchronizes to rainy season, normal
rainfall brings bumper harvest.
Water is required at different stages
of plant growth.
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Water shortage at the time of
early growth, bud differentiation,
blossoming, fruit set and
development results inundesirable effect.
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Rains before harvesting cause
softening of fruits in bananaand date palm and induce
infection of fruit fly in guavaand peaches
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It is generally observed that fruits are more
juicy where they mature during rainy season due to
high atmospheric humidity.
Fruits that mature during rainy season contain less
sugar and more acid than fruits maturing during dryseason.
Keeping quality of fruits and vegetablesdeveloping under high atmospheric conditions
may not be good.
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Hail storm causes great damage to the
fruit crops.
Occurrence of hail at the time offlowering and fruit maturity is very
disastrous because flower and fruit
drop is heavy and the growers get
poor returns for their produce
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For successful cultivation of
fruit crops, only those areaswhere hailstorms dont occur
should be selected.
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