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Enhancing Coating Performance with
Patcham DefoamersSelection and Correct Usage of Patcham Additives
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Contents
• Introduction Foam Generation
• Defects caused by Foam
• The need for Defoamers
• Understanding the nature of Defoamers
• Selection of Defoamers/Problem Solving
• Patcham Basket of Defoamers
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Foams
Foam is a stable dispersion of a gas in a liquid medium. It results when a surfactant layer forms around air bubbles and entrains them within itself.
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Incorporation of Air
By mixing during the
polymer/pigment grinding and
let-down steps
By pumping during package
filling or
By shear or spraying during
application
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Defects/Effects caused by Foam
Defects Effects
Processing and Fluid
Movement
Loss of Mechanical shearing
Poor pigment/polymer dispersion
Volume increase during letdown
Overflowing of mixture
Slower package filling
Inaccurate volume of finish
product
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Defects/Effects caused by Foam
Defects Effects
StorageAir incorporation during
transport and handling
ApplicationSlower printing-press speeds or
lower pressures during spraying
Quality
Poor appearance, reduction in
gloss or less substrate
protection
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Need of Defoamers
Play major role during
manufacturing as well
as application
Waterborne
Systems
If necessary, used to
avoid foaming during
application and dry
Solventborne
Systems
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FoamPure Liquids
Breakage - thinning
of bubble wall
Gravity drains liquid
in bubble
Larger bubbles rise
to the surface
Coalescence of
smaller bubbles to
form larger bubbles
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FoamLiquids with Surfactant
Stabilization:
Surfactants hinder
liquid drainage and
foams don’t break
Smaller bubbles rise
slowly to the surface
Surfactant stabilization
prevents smaller
bubbles coalescing
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Mechanism of Foam Stabilization
Foams get stabilized due to the electrostatic repulsion
between surfactants
Foam Lamella
Surfactant
s
> 10 nm
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Defoamers and Deaerators
• Defoamers destroy air bubbles at the surface
• Renders the foam lamella unstable
• Deaerators allow smaller bubbles to fuse to form larger bubbles; increase speed to surface
• Defoamers are low ST; Deaerators are low polarity
Positive spreading and entering coefficients drives defoamer
into lamella
Displacing surfactants to make lamella unstable
Stable foam moves towards the liquid surface
Unstable lamella collapse = Defoaming
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Types of Defoamers and Deaerators
Mineral Oil
Mineral Oil
Dispersant
Hydrophobes
PDMS
Polysiloxane
Modified PDMS
Hydrophobes
Fluoro-modified
Polymeric
Acrylic
Polyester
Hydrophobes
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Defoamers and Deaerators - Pros and Cons Modified PDMS
• Suitable for No or Low PVC systems
• Can be Incorporated using medium shear
• Lower dosage gives good defoaming
Highly incompatible, so can cause craters at high
dosage
• Low risk
• Long lasting efficiency in foam prevention
• Limited effect on cost
Cannot be used in clear
Mineral Oil
• Reduce risk of cratering
• Reduces risk of
recoatability issues
• First Choice for Clear
coat systems
Lower efficiency as compared to Modified PDMS
Polymeric
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Patcham Basket of Defoamers and Deaerators
Pat-Add AF’s
Mineral Oil
Pat-Add AF 11
Pat-Add AF 14D
Pat-Add AF 16
Pat-Add AF 21
Modified PDMS
Pat-Add AF 32
Pat-Add AF 34
Pat-Add AF 35
Pat-Add AF 39
Pat-Add AF 70
Pat-Add AF 72
Pat-Add AF 81
Polymeric
Pat-Add AF 43
Pat-Add AF 61
Pat-Add AF 62
Pat-Add AF 75
Pat-Add AF 76
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MILLBASE
COLORANTS
FLAT PAINTS
PLASTIC COATINGS
AUTOMOTIVE
CLEAR COATS
SEMI-GLOSS PAINTS
INKS
WOOD COATINGS
STR
ON
G D
EFO
AM
ERS
CO
MPA
TIB
LE D
EFO
AM
ERS
MO
RE
SEN
SITI
VE
TO D
EFEC
TSLE
SS S
ENSI
TIV
E TO
DEF
ECTS
HA
RD
ER T
O D
EFO
AM
LESS
DIF
FIC
ULT
TO
DEF
OA
M
HIGH VISCOSITY
HIGH SHEAR
THICK FILMS
MID SHEAR
LOW SHEAR
THIN FILMSLOW VISCOSITY
LOW PVC
HIGH PVC
Selection of Defoamers
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WB Defoamers
MIL
LBA
SELE
TDO
WN
PO
ST-A
DD
ITIO
N
COMPATIBILITY highlow
AF 11
AF 14D
AF 21AF 39
AF 35
AF 32AF 34 AF 43
Mineral Oil
Modified PDMS
Polymeric
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WB DefoamersVarious PVC Emulsions
AF 11
AF 14D
AF 21
AF 32
AF 35
AF 34
AF 39
AF 43
Mineral Oil
Modified PDMS
Polymeric
10 20 30 5040 60 8070 90 PVC
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SB Defoamers
hig
h
PO
LAR
ITY
low
DEFOAMING PROPERTY highlow
AF 76
AF 62
AF 70
AF 75
AF 72
AF 61Modified PDMS
Polymeric
AF 35
AF 81
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Pat-Add Defoamers
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Pat-Add AF 34
• Polyether modified Polysiloxane defoamer for WB
• Oil and VOC- free defoamer
• Effective defoamer during manufacturing and application
• Reduces the risk of micro-foam
• Effective at lower dosage, minimizing film defects
• Suitable for RFPC and industrial WB paints and inks
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Processing of WB Pigment DispersionPC Blue 15:3
Pat-Add AF 34Reference
Presence of stabilized foam after letdown of pigment dispersion
Foam free dispersion
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Pat-Add AF 35
• Organically modified polysiloxane defoamer for WB, solvent-borne and
solvent free systems
• Oil and VOC- free defoamer
• Excellent for high shear manufacturing process
• Reduces the risk of micro-foam specially recommended for Pigment
dispersions
• Outstanding deaeration in aqueous paints independent of pH
• Can be combined with other chemistry defoamers
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Pat-Add AF 35Performance
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Pat-Add AF 43
• Silicone and Oil free defoamer
• Excellent alkali and acid resistance
• Contributes to substrate wetting making it more suitable for coating low
surface energy substrates
• Dispersible in aqueous systems and can be incorporated by applying mild
dispersion forces
• Suitable for RFPC and industrial WB paints and inks
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Pat-Add AF 43Roller Application- Low PVC Acrylic Emulsion Paint
Blank Pat-Add AF 43
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Pat-Add AF 62
• Silicone free polymeric defoamer and air releasing agent
• Requires only low dosages
• No side effects like gloss reduction, haze, intercoat adhesion, craters and
cissing
• Provides clear and transparent films; it is highly recommended for clear
coats and varnishes
• Strong defoaming and deaerating agent for solvent-borne coatings;
especially for wood coatings, coil coatings, automotive coatings, industrial
coatings and inks
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Pat-Add AF 62PU White
Blank Pat-Add AF 61
Gloss at 20˚ 96 96
Gloss at 60˚ 97 97
DOI 74 92
Haze 4.5 4.2
RIQ 54 70
Mixing at low shear- 500 RPM
Blank Pat-Add AF 62
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Pat-Add AF 70
• Polysiloxane and organic polymer defoamer and air release agent
• Low risk of gloss reduction, haze, craters and cissing
• Strong defoaming and air releasing
• Can be used in the grinding stage as well as post addition stage
• Strong defoaming and air releasing action for foam generated in mixing, application by roller, brushing, airless or air assisted spray applicationsgloss reduction, haze, craters
• and cissing
• Strong defoaming and air releasing
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Pat-Add AF 70Epoxy Clear Foaming and Clarity
Reference Blank Pat-Add AF 70
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Pat-Add AF 70Performance- Epoxy Floor Coating
Blank 0.1% of Pat-Add AF 70
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Pat-Add AF 72
• Low solid polysiloxane based defoamer for solvent-borne coatings.
• Effective defoaming and deaeration
• Enables a bubble-free paint mixture without adverse effect on application
• Excellent performances in application of systems with high risk for air
inclusion, such as roller, airless and conventional spray application
• Rapid defoaming action especially for fast cure systems
• Highly recommended for the prevention of formation of foam during
production, filling and application
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Pat-Add AF 72PU White
Pat-Add AF 72Reference 1
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Blank Reference Pat-Add AF 72
Like these pictures
Pat-Add AF 72
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Conclusion
Patcham basket of defoamers;
• Offer solutions for solving your defoaming problems
• Can enhance the appearance, performance and protection capabilities
of coatings
• Allows coating formulators to create clear, beautiful and durable
finishes that meets global requirements
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Disclaimer
While every effort is made to provide accurate and complete information on The PATCHAM ADDITIVES, various data may vary depending upon different raw materials, formulations, test procedures and test conditions.
The accuracy, reliability, or totality of the information are not guaranteed or warranted in any way. The PATCHAM FZC and its representatives disclaim liability of any kind whatsoever, including liability for quality, performance and fitness for a particular purpose arising out of the use, or inability to use the information.
Thank you!
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Contact – NE & SE United StatesPatcham USA LLC10 Commerce Road Fairfield, New Jersey –
07004
: (+1)(201) 293-4282) : (201) 820-0818
Larry KeyedeTechnical Marketing – Americas
: (+1) (973) 943-2363
Chaitanya DesaiUS & Canadian Sales Manager
(+1) (201) 575-3832
S.P. Morell and CompanyP.O. Box 432Goldens Bridge, NY 10526Phone: 914.273.0300e-Mail: [email protected]
PenPoly4748 Lewis RdStone Mountain, GA [email protected]
05/28/20