Agenda
• Engineering
• Engineering Problem Examples
• Embedded Systems
• Embedded System Examples
• Microcontroller
• Microcontroller Examples
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What is Engineering?
• Engineering is the discipline, art, skill, profession, and technology of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering)
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What is Engineering?
• Engineering is the practical application of science and math to solve problems, and it is everywhere in the world around you.
• Engineers are problem-solvers who want to make things work more efficiently and quickly and less expensively.
(http://www.ece.gatech.edu/academics/outreach/engineering.html)
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What is an Embedded System?
1- Computing systems embedded within electronic devices, Nearly any computing system other than a desktop computer.
2- A computer that is a component in a larger system, and is not visible as a computer to a user of that system.
3- A programmable component of subsystem providing some intelligence functions to the system of which it is a part.
Embedded Systems
• Billions of units produced yearly vs millions of desktop units
• Perhaps 50 per household and per automobile
PIC
Pulse Width Modulation
Serial Data
SerialMicrocontrollerCompass
Motor DriveInterface
Stream x2
UltrasoundRanging
Pulse Echo
Motor
Bump Sensor
Power
ManagementRegulation &
9VAlkaline
5V
9V
RightBump Sensor
Left
Light SensorLeft
Light SensorRight
Analog to Digital
Converter
LeftMotor
Clock
Module
Serial Extension Bus
Light SensorRear
UltrasoundServo
Right
Example : Guided Vehicle
Example : Car Door Control, within a Larger Network
DashBoard
AirBag
Radio
Climate
& CD
Door
Door
SteeringDriver's
Seat
CentralControl
CAN Bus
Control
Left
Right
o p e n d o o r s e n s o r
w i n d o w c o n t r o l b u t t o n s
l o c k c o n t r o ll o c k a c t u a t o r
w i n d o w m o t o r
w i n d o w s t a l l s e n s o r
An embedded system is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within
it.
The Embedded System – Generic Block Diagram
Input Variables
Output
(User Interface)
Variables
(Link to other Systems)
Embedded Computer
Software
Hardware
Sig
nal
Con
dit
ioni
ng
Dat
a C
onve
rsio
n
Out
put
D
rive
(display, keypad etc.)
The Embedded System - What Disciplines does it Involve?
Embedded Systems
Electronics
Electric Motors &
Computer Architecture
Software Engineering
Integrated Circuit Design
Digital
Analogue Electronics
Actuators
Sensors and Measurements
Control Engineering
Data Communications
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PIC
Pulse Width Modulation
Serial Data
SerialMicrocontrollerCompass
Motor DriveInterface
Stream x2
UltrasoundRanging
Pulse Echo
Motor
Bump Sensor
Power
ManagementRegulation &
9VAlkaline
5V
9V
RightBump Sensor
Left
Light SensorLeft
Light SensorRight
Analog to Digital
Converter
LeftMotor
Clock
Module
Serial Extension Bus
Light SensorRear
UltrasoundServo
Right
We have seen this.
What is a Microcontroller?
• Microcontroller contains a microprocessor with additional peripheral devices integrated into a single package
• Peripheral devices may include:– Serial ports (COM), Parallel (Ports), Ethernet
ports, A/D & D/A– Interval timers, watchdog timers, event
counter/timers, real time clock– Other local processors (DSP, numeric
coprocessor, peripheral controller)
A Gathering of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
PIC 16F84A
PIC 16F877
PIC 12F508
Motorola 68HC05B16PIC 16C72
Motorola 68000
Microchip
• Microchip Technology manufactures the popular PIC microcontrollers (MCUs), with more than 700 different products covering a broad range of
8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit MCUs and digital signal controllers (DSCs).
• These cover the general-purpose MCU market, along with various specialty MCU peripherals to address such applications as motor control, touch sensing, graphics, USB and Ethernet switch-mode power supplies.
• All the microcontrollers are supported by Microchip’s MPLAB integrated development environment.
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Some Examples of the Microchip Mid-Range Family
Device number No. of pins*
Clock speed
Memory(K = Kbytes, i.e. 1024 bytes)
Peripherals/special features
16F84A 18 DC to 20MHz
1K program memory,68 bytes RAM,64 bytes EEPROM
1 8-bit timer,1 5-bit parallel port,1 8-bit parallel port,ICSP.
16LF84A 18 DC to 20MHz
as above As above, with extended supply voltage range
16F84A-04 18 DC to 4MHz
as above As above
16F87 18 DC to 20MHz
4K program memory,368 bytes RAM,256 bytes EEPROM.
2 parallel ports,3 counter/timers,2 capture/compare/PWM modules,2 serial communication modules,2 analog comparators,nanoWatt technology,software-selectable oscillator block,ICSP.
16F88 18 DC to 20MHz
as above as above, and7 10-bit ADC channels
HALL-EFFECT SENSOR
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A Hall effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic field. Hall effect sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications.
LINE TRACKING SENSOR
• This sensor is for line tracking purpose. It detects white and black color, and it outputs via TTL signal. (Black for LOW output, White for HIGH output)
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Gas Sensors
AIR QUALITY SENSORMETHANE SENSORALCOHOL SENSOR
OZONE SENSORHYDROGEN SENSOR
CO SENSOR(LPG)
GAS SENSORSMOKE SENSOR
FLAME SENSOR
• The flame sensor can be used to detect fire or other wavelength at 760 nm ~ 1100 nm light. In the fire-fighting robot game, the flame plays an important role in the probe, which can be used as the robot's eyes to find fire source or football. It can make use of fire-fighting robots, soccer robots.
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