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Energy Use in Ontario Homes
Samveg Saxena
Under the Supervision of
Dr. Kamiel GabrielFaculty of Engineering & Applied Science
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Overview
• Effective conservation
• Ontario energy outlook
• Understanding energy in homes
• Home energy simulation
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Conservation
1. Generate awareness
2. Present incentives
3. Provide the tools and expertise
4. Implement measures of conservation
Goal:
Understand energy usage in a home to
identify effective areas of conservation
Steps of an Effective Conservation Program
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Energy Outlook
• Current generating capacity around 26,555 MW available
• All-time peak demand of 26,160 MW
• Extreme weather peaks: 26,931 MW
• Ontario is already facing a supply shortfall
Background
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Energy Outlook
Ontario's Electricity Generation Mix
Oil/Gas, 4976 MW Coal,
6434 MW
Nuclear, 10882 MW
Miscellaneous, 66 MWHydroelectric,
7756 MW
Distribution of Generation
Data Source: “10 Year Outlook: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Generation & Transmission Facilitiesto Meet Future Electricity Needs in Ontario” – Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)
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Energy Outlook
• In the midst of a shortfall we are removing 6,434 MW of capacity from coal-fired GS
• Coal replacement plan only provides for 3,338 MW of new capacity
• Net difference Loosing 3,096 MW
• Demand expected to rise by 0.9% per year
Energy shortage
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Energy OutlookEnergy Forecast
Source: “10 Year Outlook: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Generation & Transmission Facilitiesto Meet Future Electricity Needs in Ontario” – Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)
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Replacing Coal
• Effective at managing supply curve to match demand curves
• Units can be quickly started and stopped based on demand
The Advantages of Coal
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Replacing Coal
• Build new generating stations that can quickly respond to high and low demands
• Implement means of demand-side management to shift peak demand to off-peak hours
Coal Replacement Options
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Challenges
• Urgent need for additional generating capacity
• Major generation (ie. Nuclear or major hydro) can take up to 10 years to build
• Require IMMEDIATE decisions for creation of additional supply
• Require significant conservation efforts
New Generating Stations
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Energy in Homes
• Home can be considered a control volume
Background
Energy In:- Conduction- Convection- Radiation
- Mass transport- Electricity
- Natural gas
Energy Out:- Conduction- Convection- Radiation
- Mass transport- Appliances
• Energy flow can be simulated through extensive computational analysis
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Energy in Homes
• Heat transfer- Conduction - Convection -
Radiation
• Electricity usage (Power × time)
• Mass transport (measured in AC/h)
• Gas/oil, etc (mass flow × energy/kg)
cond
TQ kA
L
Energy Transfer
conv s sQ hA T T 4 4rad s s surrQ A T T
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Energy in Homes
• Initial goal of project was to simulate energy flow through a home
• Literature survey revealed simulation tools already exist– Natural Resources Canada Buildings Group– CANMET Energy Technology Center
Literature Survey
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Conclusion
• Ontario grid is already strained
• Significant challenges in upcoming years
• Advanced simulation tools exist to understand energy usage in a home
• Significant conservation efforts will be required to ensure grid-stability