Download - Energy systems1
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Energy Systemsfor Exercise
Presenter: Ms. Lea Green
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The human body is made to move in many ways:
• Quick and powerful• Graceful & coordinated• Sustained for many hours
And is dependent upon the capacity to produce energy
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We have a great amount of diversity
• Quick movements-lasts a few seconds• Reduced speed-lasts for several
minutes• Reduced intensity(50%)-lasts for
several hours
The body uses different energy systems for each activity
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Cells in the body need energy to function
FOOD=ENERGY (E)
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Cells don’t get Energy directly from food, it must be broken
down into:
ATP-Adensosine TRIphosphate
ATP = a form of energy one can immediately use, it is
needed for cells to function & muscles to contract
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Nutrients that give us energy:
Carbohydrates
FatsProteins
GlucoseFatty acidsAmino Acids
Digestion
Absorbed into the blood & transported to cells
(muscle, liver & nerve)
They are used to produce ATP or stored
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ATP is stored in small amounts, therefore the rest is stored as:
•Glucose = Glycogen (muscle & liver)
•Fatty Acids = Body fat
•Amino Acids = Growth, repair or excreted as waste
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Predominant Energy Pathways
•ATP (2-3 seconds)
•ATP-CP Energy System (8-10 seconds)
•Anaerobic Energy System (2-3 minutes)
•Aerobic Energy System (3 minutes +)
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0 sec 4 sec 10 sec 1.5 min 3 min +
Strength – Power:power lift, shot put, golf swing
Sustained Power:sprints, fast breaks, football
Anaerobic Power – Endurance:200-400 m dash, 100 m swim
Aerobic Endurance:Beyond 800 m run
Immediate/short-term Aerobic-oxidativenon-oxidative systems system
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ATP-CP Energy System
ATP is stored in the muscle & liver for “Quick Energy”
• Nerve impulses trigger breakdown of ATP into ADP
• ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate & 1 Phosphate
• The splitting of the Phosphate bond = Energy for work
Ex. Muscle Contraction, Moving hand from a hot stove, Jumping & Throwing
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The ATP Molecule
Adenosine
Adenosine
Energy
a. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
b. The breakdown of ATP:
PP
P
PP P
ATP = ADP + energy for biological work + P
(ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate)
Energy for cellular function
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For contractions to continue… ATP must be REBUILT
This comes from the splitting of CP (Creatine Phosphate a Hi energy source, automatic)
When ATP is used – it is rebuilt – as long as there is CP
Energy released from CP breaking down, resynthesizes the ADP & P
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REMEMBER – only small amounts of ATP are stored = only 2-3 sec. of Energy
ATP-CP = 8-10 sec. of Energy
The usefulness isn’t the AMOUNT of Energy but the QUICK & POWERFUL movements
For longer periods of work = The Aerobic & Anaerobic Energy System must be utilized
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The Immediate Resynthesis of ATP by CP
Creatine
P
Creatine P
Energy
High energy bond
a. Creatine Phosphate (CP)
b. CP = Creatine + energy for resynthesis of ATP + P
Adenosine PP
P
c. ADP + energy from CP + P = ATP (reversal of ATP = ADP + P + energy for work)
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Anaerobic Energy System
• Without oxygen = Activities that require a large burst of energy over a short period of time
• Anaerobic Glycolysis = Production of ATP from Carbohydrates without oxygen
(breakdown of glucose)
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Since glycogen is stored in the muscle & liver, it is available quickly
This system provides ATP when ATP-CP runs out
Again, ATP-CP lasts for a few seconds, the Anaerobic Energy System allows for 2-3 minutes of work
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1.The process to produce ATP is not as fast as ATP-CP, which makes muscle contraction slower
2.When oxygen is not present the end product of glycolisis is lactic acid, which causes the muscles to fatigue
3.Anaerobic Glycolisis is less efficient in producing ATP than Aerobic Glycolisis, BUT is needed for a large burst of energy lasting a few minutes
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Without Oxygen
Glucose = 2ATP + 2LA
(digested component of carbohydrates)
Glycogen = 3ATP + 2LA
(the storage form of glucose)
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With Oxygen
Glucose + O2 = 36ATP + H2O + CO2
Fatty Acids + O2 = 129ATP
Body Fat is a great source of ENERGY
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Oxygen Deficit = The body can not supply enough O2 to the muscles that the muscles demand
•When the muscle does not get enough oxygen, exhaustion is reached causing immediate and involuntary reduction in intensity
Oxygen Debt = “pays back” the deficit
recovery time
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Aerobic Energy System
• With Oxygen = Using large muscle groups continuously over a period of time
• Aerobic Glycolisis & Fatty Acid Oxidation = The production of ATP from Carbohydrates & Fat
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1.O2 enters the system, stopping the breakdown of glycogen to lactic acid
2.With oxygen, glycogen breaks down into: ATP + CO2 + H20
3.These byproducts are easier to get rid of
CO2 is expelled by the lungs
H20 is used in the muscle
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4.Anaerobic Energy System = Carbohydrates are the only fuel source
5.With prolonged exercise, Carbohydrates are the first fuel choice, as exercise continues, FAT becomes predominant
6.Protein is not a main fuel source except in an emergency
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•Each system plays an important role in energy production
•This gives us a variety of movements
•The systems interact to supply Energy for the activity
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Examples
Anaerobic 70-80% Anaerobic Aerobic
20-30% Aerobic
Wt. Training Stop & Go Sports Jogging
Gymnastics Tennis Marathons
Football SoccerCycling
Baseball Field Hockey Aerobic Dance
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Shelton StateWellness Center
PED 223Methods of Instruction