Download - Energy Storage Technology Options for Distribution Networks – More than just the economic cost
Energy Storage Technology Options for Distribution Networks – More than just the economic costUSAEE – AnchorageCraig Froome, Liam Wagner and John Foster
July 2013
@gcitweet/gciuq
Project
Federal Government Solar Flagships Program
3.275MW Solar Research Array
Flat panel with single and dual axis tracking
Battery Storage on both AC and DC side
But what storage options?
Levelised Cost of Energy
LCOEJ = Levelised Cost of Energy for TechnologyTOCJ = Total Operating CostO&MJ= Operations and Maintenance Costs (All Fixed in this study)RE(t)J= Renewable Energy Certificates (~$40/MWh Sent out)WACC= Weighted Average Cost of Capital (Post-tax Real ~7.23%)CAPEXJ = Capital CostSO(t)J= Energy Sent out to the GridCPI(t)r = CPI applied to revenue stream 1.875% (ie. 75% of prevailing CPI 2.5%)
SizeSize
Cycles Life DoD DoD EfficiencyTotal Cost Energy
CostPower Cost FOM
(kW)(kWh)
(years) % Energy (%)($Mill)
($/kWh) ($/kW) $/year
Lead Acid 600 1200 2550 10 60% 720 75 1.473 1,228
2,455 24000
Lead Carbon 723 1425 2500 10 100% 1425 90 0.833
585 1,152 25500
Lead VRLA GEL 600 1201 1000 15 60% 721 80 0.711
592 1,185 7224
Lithium Ion 606 1207.2 5800 10 80% 966 90 1.306 1,082
2,155 36419
Lithium-Iron-Phosphate 600 1202 4400 10 70% 841 80 0.920
765 1,533 40000
Lithium-Nickel-Magnesium-Cobolt-Oxide 600 1200 4000 11 80% 960 90 0.48
400
800 40000
Lithium-Polymer 600 1203 4000 15 80% 962 90 0.7
582 1,167 5000
Lithium-Titanum-Oxide 600 1200 7000 20 80% 960 80 0.48
400
800 40000
Molten Salt 630 1204 3500 15 80% 963 85 1.052
874 1,670 25000
Nickel-Cadmium 600 1200 2000 15 40% 480 90 0.48
400
800 10904
Zinc-Bromide 675 1205 2000 15 100% 1205 75 0.691
573 1,024 9543
Battery Technical Specifications
Future
Cost of storage is decreasing and through learnings (and greater deployment) will continue to decrease in next decade.
Large-scale deployment of renewable technologies can not happen without storage.
Technology choice will be dependent on use – different technologies do have different purposes.
Thank You
Craig FroomeGlobal Change InstituteThe University of Queensland
Phone: +61 7 3365 3689Fax: +61 7 3346 3299Email: [email protected]