![Page 1: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy Balance and Circulation Systems
![Page 2: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2 of 12
Importance
• Energy from Sun (Energy Budget)– “Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates
Circulation
• Circulation Systems– Create Weather and Climate
![Page 3: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3 of 12
Solar Radiation Entering the Atmosphere
• Absorbed by gases and clouds – goes to heating (19%)• Scattered and Reflected by Gas Molecules, Clouds, Aerosols, and the Earth’s surface (30%)
About 51%
![Page 4: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4 of 12
Albedo
• Percent of radiation returning from a surface compared to amount of radiation initially striking the surface
• Represents the reflectivity of a surface• Varies depending upon surface• Earth and atmosphere have a combined albedo
of 30%
![Page 5: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5 of 12
Albedo
![Page 6: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6 of 12
Earth’s Energy BalanceEarth’s overall average equilibrium temperature changes only slightly from year to year.
A balance exists between incoming solar energy (shortwave radiation) and outgoing energy from Earth to space (longwave radiation).
![Page 7: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7 of 12
Energy received at the surface depends on:1) Sun angle with respect to surface.2) Path of solar radiation through the atmosphere.
![Page 8: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8 of 12
Same Amount of Energy, Larger Area
![Page 9: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9 of 12
• More direct radiation at Equator than at Poles– More energy at lower latitudes
![Page 10: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10 of 12
The Energy to Drive the Atmosphere
Atmospheric and ocean circulations redistribute energy from latitudes with a surplus into latitudes with a deficit.
Unequal distribution in incoming solar radiation (red) and outgoing Earth’s radiation (blue)
![Page 11: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11 of 12
Atmospheric Circulations
![Page 12: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12 of 12
• Rainforests near Equator
• Deserts near 30o North and South
![Page 13: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13 of 12
Atmospheric Circulations
Why the easterlies and westerlies?
![Page 14: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14 of 12
Coriolis ForceAn “apparent” force that is due to the rotation of the earth.
Winds are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
Winds are deflected to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
![Page 15: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15 of 12
Coriolis Force Deflection
Greatest deviation at the poles.Zero deviation at the equator.
![Page 16: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16 of 12
Atmospheric Circulations
Why the easterlies and westerlies?
![Page 17: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17 of 12
Seasonal Changes
January
July
![Page 18: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18 of 12
Ocean circulation
![Page 19: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19 of 12
![Page 20: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20 of 12
Without greenhouse gases, the average surface temperature of the Earth would be –18° C
No greenhouse gases(only permanent gases)
The current atmosphere(with greenhouse gases)
33° C difference
![Page 21: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21 of 12
The other extreme…CO2 rich
CO2 poor
Biotic Atmosphere
Most of the early CO2 is stored as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or limestone.
![Page 22: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22 of 12
![Page 23: Energy Balance and Circulation Systems. 2 of 12 Importance Energy from Sun (Energy Budget) –“Drives” Earth’s Atmosphere Creates Circulation Circulation](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f345503460f94c5149c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23 of 12