- fast- specific / addressed- electric signals
& chemical signals
- uses neurons for direct communication
NERVOUS- slow- broadcast- chemical signals
- delivers hormones through the circulatory system
ENDOCRINE
action potentials
neurotransmitters
hormones
ENDOCRINE- collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate
metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood, etc.a dynamic homeostasis
- is NOT general / non-specific- specifically targeted cells in the
body have receptors toallow hormones to enter
HORMONESPEPTIDE/PROTEIN HORMONES- made from chains of amino acids- polar / water-soluble- bind to receptors on the plasma
membranes of cells
STEROID HORMONES- made from cholesterol- nonpolar / lipid-soluble- diffuses through plasma
membranes binds to receptors in the cytosol or nucleus
AMINE HORMONES- made from modified
amino acids- polar OR nonpolar
PHEROMONES- “ectohormones”- chemicals that are sent
out of an organism into the environment
- alarm, aggregation, food trails, sexual activity
HORMONES• Hormone action depends on the nature of the target cells ex. epinephrine & norepinephrine
increases muscle contraction of the heart, dilates blood vessels of skeletal muscles, breaks down glycogen to release glucose in the liver
HORMONES• hormone action is based on concentration• hormones can cause reactions in seconds to weeks• they can be broken down in seconds to weeks
Half-life• the amount of time it takes for a substance to break down
to half of its active concentration
ex. Epinephrine has a half-life of 1-2 minutes Cortisol has a half-life of 1-2 hours
HORMONE RESEARCH• Research your hormone• Is it a Peptide, Steroid, or Amine Hormone• Where is it secreted from• What are some of its target cells• What does it cause the human body to do• What do imbalances of that hormone cause
Oxytocin Follicle-stimulating HormoneInsulin & Glucagon Human Growth HormoneAntidiuretic Hormone EstrogenAndrogen MelatoninLuteinizing Hormone Endorphins