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EMOLEX 1
EMOLEX: Retombées lexicographiques
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Implications for dictionary making
equivalence
synonymy
semantic category
German English
control:emotive
E. wegstecken
shrug off / put behind one
control:emotive
E. überwinden / verarbeiten / verkraften
get over / overcome / recover from / bounce back from
control:manifestation
E. herunter-schlucken
swallow
control:manifestation
E. verbergen / (nicht) verhehlen
hide / disguise / conceal
- semi-automatization of search for synonyms and equivalents
- monolingual: synonyms- bilingual: equivalents - reveals collocational gaps
and semantic preferences- perfect reliability- requires no lateral thinking- superiority of the
onomasiological approach
EMOLEX 2
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Place of entry
Collocational dictionary entries: Hausmann and Kornelius/Kimmes (2010) suggest
that collocations should always be recorded at the entry for the base (or node)
Collocates which are significant from a contrastive perspective should also be given sub-entry status (highlighting the need for transposition)
EMOLEX 3
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Place of entry cntd.
express vt 1 (communicate) sb/sth expresses sth ausdrücken, zum Ausdruck bringen express disappointment/surprise/delight/irritation (etc.) sich enttäuscht / überrascht / erfreut / verärgert (etc.) äußern/zeigen
EMOLEX 4
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Collocational gaps
Current policy: if in doubt, leave it out; lexicographer working on an alphabetical list cannot (usually) tell whether (s)he is dealing with a collocational gap (cf. avenge + disappointment)Problem: dictionary users will expect to find significant SL collocations; absence -> literal translationSuggestion: use of example sentences; use of warning signs
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Collocational gaps: exemplification
Berufungsverfahrenn (professorial) appointment procedure der Stand des ~s how far the appointment process has progressed (Siepmann, in preparation)Enttäuschung …. Der Stachel der Enttäuschung bei Präsidium und Fans sitzt tief. Board and fans alike are deeply/seriously/massively disappointed.
EMOLEX 6
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Collocational gaps: warning
pride n 1 (arrogance) pride in sth Stolz (auf), Hochmut (über) apparent ~ sichtlicher Stolz, sichtbarer Stolz, offensichtlicher Stolz … cultivate ~ Stolz fördern … share ~ (kein Äquivalent)
EMOLEX 7
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Entry structures: Oxford Collocations Dictionary (pride)
ADJ. fierce, great VERB + PRIDE feel, have, swell with They have a fierce pride in
their traditions. He swelled with pride as he held the trophy. | express
PREP. with ~ I wear my policeman's uniform with pride. ‘My daughter's a writer,’ he added with pride. | ~ in She expressed pride in her child's achievement.
PHRASES a cause/matter for pride Their reputation for fairness is a matter for pride. | a source of pride, take (a) pride in sth She takes great pride in her work.
EMOLEX 8
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Entry structures: Wörterbuch der Kollokationen im Deutschen (Stolz)V: NOM. mitschwingen ▪ jmdn. packen ▪ AKK. empfinden ▪
demonstrieren … ▪ DAT. mit St. erfüllen (Quasthoff 2011)
makes high demands on grammatical knowledge (and linguistic proficiency): jmdn. packen = j-m packt j-mden bei seinem Stolz
separates near-synonymous collocations
need for user research (e.g. most frequent look-up needs: intensity; manifestation?)
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Entry structure: possible innovations
Stolz (auf etw.)ADJEKTIVE/ADVERBIENgroß, ausgeprägt, unbändigverhalten, leise, gewissvoll(er) Stolz (verkünden)NOMENPortion: eine (gehörige/gute) Portion Stolz, ein Quentchen StolzQuelle: eine Quelle des StolzesVERBENwachsen: der Stolz wächstverbieten: der Stolz verbietet j-mdem etw. (der Stolz verbietet ihm, das Richtige zu tun), der Stolz verhindert etw.kränken: jmdes Stolz kränken/verletzen/ankratzenerfüllen: etw. erfüllt jmden mit Stolz (es darf uns mit Stolz erfüllen, wie …)KOMPOSITABesitzerstolz, Nationalstolz
EMOLEX 10
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Entry structures: possible innovations
pride
pride shows: flush with pride, visible pridepride is a person: hurt, bruise, …pride is a fluid: sth fills sb with pride, (e.g. heart) swell with pridepride is a superior: pride prevents me from doing something(etc.)
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Information categories in collocational dictionaries: registerminimal requirement: written vs. spokenbetter: newspaper vs. fiction vs. academic vs. informal spoken/formal spokenalternative: exemplification
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Register cntd.
Voltaire selbst vermerkte nicht ohne Stolz, dass Carl Theodor vier seiner Stücke spielen ließ. (Presse/Wiss.)Bon ça suffit, remballe ta fierté et raconte un peu. (parlé/familier)Pendleton still decisively avenged the disappointment of the team sprint. (news/sports)
EMOLEX 13
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Information categories in collocational dictionaries: valency/amplificationStolz schwingt mit (in etw./bei etw.): Dabei/Bei der Verkündung dieser Nachricht schwingt in seiner Stimme eine gehörige Portion Stolz mit. / In dieser Nachricht schwingt eine gehörige Portion Stolz mit.éprouver de la fierté (+ à propos de/pour N, à faire qqc) (cf. Melcuk/Polguère 2007, s.v. fierté)
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Information categories in collocational dictionaries: regiondéception inévitable (Canada)ethnic pride (USA)
EMOLEX 15
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Lexicographic priority: extended lexical items
most frequent reusable in various contexts useful for the learner
e.g. difficulty + manifestation:ne parvient pas à cacher (+ tristesse / colère / déception / mépris) = could barely conceal his (sadness / anger / disappointment / contempt) = konnte seine (Traurigkeit / Wut / Enttäuschung / Verachtung) kaum verbergen
à la grande déception / fierté de qqn (etc.)
problem: overgeneralization (?konnte seinen Stolz nicht verbergen vs. ne parvient pas à cacher sa fierté)
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Creative extensions
dizzy with shock/shaking with rage (etc.)
his eyes widened with shock, her eyes sparkled with happiness, out of his mind with grief
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Information categories: meaning/sense divisions
fine-grained semantic analysis reveals meanings that lexicography has missed pride = 1. Stolz/fierté 2. Selbstwertgefühl/estime de soi (boost sb‘s pride = jmdes Selbstwertgefühl steigern/développer l‘estime de soi)
EMOLEX 18
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Information categories: lexical relations
could barely/hardly/not conceal/hide his … ->undisguised, unconcealed
EMOLEX 19
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Nominal compounds and prepositional phrases as equivalentsamour fraternel – Bruderliebefierté identitaire – Stolz auf seine Identität
EMOLEX 20
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Systematic treatment of collocates
e.g. PONS: kindlich = d‘enfantbut: childish pride = fierté puérile
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Error correction
der Stolz dieses Vaters auf seine Kinder ist offensichtlich = ?il est évident que la fierté de ce père, ce sont ses enfants (PONS, s.v. Stolz)
La fierté que ce père éprouve pour ses enfants transparaît clairement. (?)
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Filling of gaps
e.g. verachtendes Grinsen = rictus de mépris / sourire de mépris
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Bilexicon: rappel des principales caractéristiques
Approche onomasiologiqueVocabulaire quasi-natif (effets
d‘économie)Regroupement du vocabulaire par
thèmes – hiérarchie pyramidale (provisoire) (education – subjects and disciplines – lemma: life science)
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Structure des articles
1. Lemma (partie du discours, niveau du CER, synonymes) + un ou plusieurs exemples
2. Valence interne et externe3. Collocations (classées par dimensions
sémantiques)4. Phraséologie
- Les débutants peuvent se limiter à 1 et 2
EMOLEX 25