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EMBEDDED, REAL -TIME AND
OPERATING SYSTEMS (ERTOS) PROGRAM
National ICT Australia
August 2003
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NATIONAL ICT AUSTRALIA (NICTA)
• National research flagship for IT and Communications
• Established by Australian Government October 2002
• 4 core partners:
➜ 2 universities: UNSW, ANU➜ 2 state governments: NSW, ACT
• Funding for first 4 years: A$200M (A$120M federal gov’t)
ERTOS P1
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NATIONAL ICT AUSTRALIA (NICTA)
• National research flagship for IT and Communications
• Established by Australian Government October 2002
• 4 core partners:
➜ 2 universities: UNSW, ANU➜ 2 state governments: NSW, ACT
• Funding for first 4 years: A$200M (A$120M federal gov’t)
• Steady-state federal funding: A$48M/a (indicative)
• Steady-state budget: A$100M/a (estimate)
ERTOS P1
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NICTA: F OUR PILLARS
• Research
• Education
• Commercialisation
• Linkages
ERTOS P2
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NICTA: F OUR PILLARS
• Research
➜ Commitment to world class research across a wide range of ICT➜ Target: 300 PhD-qualified researchers
• Education
• Commercialisation
• Linkages
ERTOS P2
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NICTA: F OUR PILLARS
• Research
➜ Commitment to world class research across a wide range of ICT➜ Target: 300 PhD-qualified researchers
• Education
➜ Training of top-class PhD graduates➜ Target: 100 PhD graduates per year
• Commercialisation
• Linkages
ERTOS P2
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NICTA: F OUR PILLARS
• Research
➜ Commitment to world class research across a wide range of ICT➜ Target: 300 PhD-qualified researchers
• Education
➜ Training of top-class PhD graduates➜ Target: 100 PhD graduates per year
• Commercialisation
➜ attractive IP/commercialisation policies➜ create a commercialisation culture
• Linkages
ERTOS P2
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NICTA: F OUR PILLARS
• Research
➜ Commitment to world class research across a wide range of ICT➜ Target: 300 PhD-qualified researchers
• Education
➜ Training of top-class PhD graduates➜ Target: 100 PhD graduates per year
• Commercialisation
➜ attractive IP/commercialisation policies➜ create a commercialisation culture
• Linkages
➜ International: top research institutions, MNCs➜ Domestic: SMEs
ERTOS P2
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NICTA OVERVIEW: RESEARCH “T HEMES”
1. Infrastructure Technologies (InfT)
2. Software Engineering (SE)
3. Intelligent Systems (IntS)
4. Human-Machine Interaction and Usability (HMIU)
5. Foundations (Found)
ERTOS P3
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NICTA OVERVIEW: RESEARCH “T HEMES”
1. Infrastructure Technologies (InfT)
➜ 6 Programs, 2 planned
2. Software Engineering (SE)
➜ 2 Programs, 2 planned
3. Intelligent Systems (IntS)
➜ 4 Programs, 1 planned
4. Human-Machine Interaction and Usability (HMIU)
➜ 1 Programs, 1 planned
5. Foundations (Found)
➜ 2 Programs, 2 planned
ERTOS P3
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NICTA OVERVIEW: 3 NODES
• Sydney Research Lab — 2 locations:
➜ UNSW Campus (4 Programs)➜ Australian Technology Park (3 Programs)
• Canberra Research Lab: ANU Campus (5 Programs)
ERTOS P4
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NICTA OVERVIEW: 3 NODES
• Sydney Research Lab — 2 locations:
➜ UNSW Campus (4 Programs)➜ Australian Technology Park (3 Programs)
• Canberra Research Lab: ANU Campus (5 Programs)
• NICTA Fellows
➜ Located at other Australian Universities➜ Part of NICTA’s commitment to the national interest
ERTOS P4
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NICTA OVERVIEW: PRESENT RESEARCH PROGRAMS
• Sydney Research Lab, UNSW Site:
• Sydney Research Lab, ATP Site:
• Split, Sydney and Canberra Research Labs:
ERTOS P5
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NICTA OVERVIEW: PRESENT RESEARCH PROGRAMS
• Sydney Research Lab, UNSW Site:
➜ Embedded, Real-Time and Operating Systems (Heiser, InfT)➜ Formal Methods (van der Meyden, SE)➜ Symbolic Machine Learning & Knowledge Acquisition (Sharma, IntS)➜ Knowledge Representation & Reasoning (Foo, IntS)
• Sydney Research Lab, ATP Site:
➜ Networks and Pervasive Computing (Seneviratne, InfT)➜ Empirical Software Engineering (Jeffery, SE)➜ Humans Understanding Machines (Eades, HMIU)
• Split, Sydney and Canberra Research Labs:
➜ Systems Engineering and Complex Systems (Anderson, Found)
ERTOS P5
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• Canberra Research Lab:
ERTOS P6
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• Canberra Research Lab:
➜ Wireless Signal Processing (Kennedy, InfT)➜ Statistical Machine Learning & Sensor Signal Processing (Williamson, IntS)➜ Autonomous Systems & Sensing Technology (Hartley, IntS)➜ Logic & Computation (Lloyd, Found)
ERTOS P6
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EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Computer system that is part of a larger system
ERTOS P7
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GENERAL -PURPOSE VS. EMBEDDED
Hardware
HandlerInterrupt
DriversDevice
StackNetwork
Scheduling
Low−level I/O
Virtual Memory
File System
Applications
DriversDevice Application
Hardware
• Traditional model of embedded systems
ERTOS P8
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GENERAL -PURPOSE VS. EMBEDDED
Hardware
HandlerInterrupt
DriversDevice
StackNetwork
Scheduling
Low−level I/O
Virtual Memory
File System
Applications
DriversDevice Application
Hardware
• Traditional model of embedded systems
➜ No longer true for complex and networked embedded systems!
ERTOS P8
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CRITICAL ISSUES FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• Development cost
• Unit cost
• Time to market
• Size
• Performance
• Reliability
• Security
ERTOS P9
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CRITICAL ISSUES FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• Development cost
• Unit cost
• Time to market
• Size
• Performance
• Reliability
• Security
ERTOS P9
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ERTOS VISION
To develop methodologies, tools, components and systems thatwill deliver reliable, inexpensive system software meeting itsrequirements.
ERTOS P10
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ERTOS VISION
To develop methodologies, tools, components and systems thatwill deliver reliable, inexpensive system software meeting itsrequirements.
ERTOS research will be driven by applications
• to identify common challenges
• to provide generic systems software
ERTOS P10
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GRAND CHALLENGE : TRUSTWORTHY SYSTEMS
• Reliability of (embedded) systems is a major concern
• Can only really trust a system once mathematically proven correct
ERTOS P11
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GRAND CHALLENGE : TRUSTWORTHY SYSTEMS
• Reliability of (embedded) systems is a major concern
• Can only really trust a system once mathematically proven correct
• Proofs for high-level parts of a system are of limited use
➜ Need to assume that remaining parts are correct
• Essential to deal with hardware-software interface
• Difficult because:
➜ Side effects of hardware➜ Complexity of operating system code
ERTOS P11
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TRUSTWORTHY SYSTEM
• Must prove safety properties for whole system
ERTOS P12
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TRUSTWORTHY SYSTEM
• Must prove safety properties for whole system
➜ Break system into small components of manageable size➜ Develop formal models of each component➜ Prove that each component satisfies requirements➜ Prove that whole system satisfies requirements
ERTOS P12
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TRUSTWORTHY SYSTEM
• Must prove safety properties for whole system
➜ Break system into small components of manageable size➜ Develop formal models of each component➜ Prove that each component satisfies requirements➜ Prove that whole system satisfies requirements
• Must ensure that components interact via defined interfaces only
ERTOS P12
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TRUSTWORTHY SYSTEM
• Must prove safety properties for whole system
➜ Break system into small components of manageable size➜ Develop formal models of each component➜ Prove that each component satisfies requirements➜ Prove that whole system satisfies requirements
• Must ensure that components interact via defined interfaces only
• Key issues:
➜ components➜ encapsulation
ERTOS P12
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LONG-TERM VS. INTERMEDIATE GOALS
• Work on the Grand Challenge is
➜ medium- to long-term➜ high-risk➜ potentially disruptive
ERTOS P13
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LONG-TERM VS. INTERMEDIATE GOALS
• Work on the Grand Challenge is
➜ medium- to long-term➜ high-risk➜ potentially disruptive
• Will also perform research that is
➜ short- to medium-term➜ medium-risk➜ incremental➜ addresses present challenges
ERTOS P13
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LONG-TERM VS. INTERMEDIATE GOALS
• Work on the Grand Challenge is
➜ medium- to long-term➜ high-risk➜ potentially disruptive
• Will also perform research that is
➜ short- to medium-term➜ medium-risk➜ incremental➜ addresses present challenges
• Outcomes:
➜ insights, design principles, methodologies➜ software: kernels, compilers, frameworks, tools➜ closing in on the Grand Challenge
ERTOS P13
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS CONSTRAINTS
− maintenance − implementation − design
Life−cycle costs: Size
Power
Performance
Real−time
Reliability
SecurityTechnologicalChange
RequirementChanges
ERTOS P14
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STRATEGIES FOR MEETING THE CHALLENGES
• Generic frameworks which can be specialised
• All-of-systems approach
• Open Source
ERTOS P15
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STRATEGIES FOR MEETING THE CHALLENGES
• Generic frameworks which can be specialised
➜ application driven➜ based on microkernel approach
• All-of-systems approach
• Open Source
ERTOS P15
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STRATEGIES FOR MEETING THE CHALLENGES
• Generic frameworks which can be specialised
➜ application driven➜ based on microkernel approach
• All-of-systems approach
➜ address challenges at all levels of system
• Open Source
ERTOS P15
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STRATEGIES FOR MEETING THE CHALLENGES
• Generic frameworks which can be specialised
➜ application driven➜ based on microkernel approach
• All-of-systems approach
➜ address challenges at all levels of system
• Open Source
➜ share infrastructure cost➜ ease uptake
ERTOS P15
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ERTOS OVERVIEW
Performance/Power
Security/Reliability/Safety
Cost
Languages &Compilers
OperatingSystems
Architectures
ERTOS P16
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ERTOS OVERVIEW
Performance/Power
Security/Reliability/Safety
Cost
Languages &Compilers
OperatingSystems
Architectures
BiomedicalSolar CarSatelliteBiodiversity Monitoring
ERTOS P16
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ERTOS OVERVIEW
Performance/Power
Security/Reliability/Safety
Cost
Languages &Compilers
OperatingSystems
Architectures
BiomedicalSolar CarSatelliteBiodiversity Monitoring
RoboticsAutomotiveSensor NetworksGames
ERTOS P16
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ERTOS OVERVIEW
Performance/Power
Security/Reliability/Safety
Cost
Languages &Compilers
OperatingSystems
Architectures
BiomedicalSolar CarSatelliteBiodiversity Monitoring
RoboticsAutomotiveSensor NetworksGamesOPM
WSP
NPC
ESE
FM
ERTOS P16
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ERTOS OVERVIEW
Performance/Power
Security/Reliability/Safety
Cost
Languages &Compilers
OperatingSystems
Architectures
BiomedicalSolar CarSatelliteBiodiversity Monitoring
RoboticsAutomotiveSensor NetworksGamesOPM
WSP
NPC
ESE
FM
HeiserElphinstone
ChakravartyKeller
Diessel
Engel
Klein
Kuz
ERTOS P16
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INDICATIVE PROJECTS
• Formal modeling of low-level system code
➜ with Formal Methods Program➜ first step towards meeting Grand Challenge
ERTOS P17
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INDICATIVE PROJECTS
• Formal modeling of low-level system code
➜ with Formal Methods Program➜ first step towards meeting Grand Challenge
• Light-weight high-performance distributed robot OS
➜ with ARC Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems➜ with Symbolic Machine Learning Program➜ with Autonomous Systems & Sensor Technologies Program
ERTOS P17
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INDICATIVE PROJECTS
• Formal modeling of low-level system code
➜ with Formal Methods Program➜ first step towards meeting Grand Challenge
• Light-weight high-performance distributed robot OS
➜ with ARC Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems➜ with Symbolic Machine Learning Program➜ with Autonomous Systems & Sensor Technologies Program
• Sensor networks software infrastructure
➜ with Networks & Pervasive Computing Program➜ also, personal area network demonstrator➜ industrial client desirable
ERTOS P17
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INDICATIVE PROJECTS ...
• Embedded systems on a chip
➜ with Wireless Signal Processing Program➜ with potential Circuits & Systems Program
ERTOS P18
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INDICATIVE PROJECTS ...
• Embedded systems on a chip
➜ with Wireless Signal Processing Program➜ with potential Circuits & Systems Program
• High-performance switching systems
➜ with Optical Processing & Monitoring Program
ERTOS P18
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INDICATIVE PROJECTS ...
• Embedded systems on a chip
➜ with Wireless Signal Processing Program➜ with potential Circuits & Systems Program
• High-performance switching systems
➜ with Optical Processing & Monitoring Program
• Real-time systems design
➜ with Formal Methods Program➜ possible applications: robotics, automotive
ERTOS P18
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INDICATIVE PROJECTS ...
• Embedded systems on a chip
➜ with Wireless Signal Processing Program➜ with potential Circuits & Systems Program
• High-performance switching systems
➜ with Optical Processing & Monitoring Program
• Real-time systems design
➜ with Formal Methods Program➜ possible applications: robotics, automotive
• Embedded systems product line
➜ with Empirical Software Engineering Program➜ possibly with Fraunhofer Software Engineering Institute
ERTOS P18
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EDUCATION
• Global shortage of graduates/PhDs with good “systems” skills
• UNSW is only place left in Australia where students get to:
➜ get real experience with low-level systems code➜ build sizable systems from the ground up➜ get trained with real-live systems (Linux)
ERTOS P19
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EDUCATION
• Global shortage of graduates/PhDs with good “systems” skills
• UNSW is only place left in Australia where students get to:
➜ get real experience with low-level systems code➜ build sizable systems from the ground up➜ get trained with real-live systems (Linux)
• Undergraduate student achievements:
➜ 3 × winners CISRA Project Prize➜ 2 × NSW winners Siemens Prize for Innovation➜ 4 × winners Aurema Operating Systems Prize➜ winner AUUG Open Source Prize➜ 2 × winners AUUG John Lions Award➜ 3 placed as interns at IBM Watson (6–12 months each)
➜ latest round of applications just closed (3 applied)
ERTOS P19
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EDUCATION
• Advanced-Level Courses, coverage unique in Australia:
➜ Advanced Operating Systems➜ Advanced Compilers➜ Advanced Functional Languages
ERTOS P20
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EDUCATION
• Advanced-Level Courses, coverage unique in Australia:
➜ Advanced Operating Systems➜ Advanced Compilers➜ Advanced Functional Languages
• PhD students
➜ presently 20 students➜ 7 commenced in 2003
ERTOS P20
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EDUCATION
• Advanced-Level Courses, coverage unique in Australia:
➜ Advanced Operating Systems➜ Advanced Compilers➜ Advanced Functional Languages
• PhD students
➜ presently 20 students➜ 7 commenced in 2003
• Summer Scholarships for Undergraduates:
➜ 18 students in 2002–3➜ similar number expected next summer
ERTOS P20
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STRATEGIC L INKAGES
• IBM T J Watson Research Center and OzLabs (HPCS)
• HP Labs
• Microsoft Cambridge Lab
• Xilinx, Intel
• CMU, UIUC, Waterloo, Karlsruhe and Dresden U, Barcelona
• Partner in EU FP6 Project
➜ ST Microelectronics, Dresden, Prague
ERTOS P21
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COMMERCIALISATION
• Presently all work is in open-source domain
➜ will continue to open-source generic infrastructure➜ client-specific code subject to standard commercialisation arrangements
ERTOS P22
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COMMERCIALISATION
• Presently all work is in open-source domain
➜ will continue to open-source generic infrastructure➜ client-specific code subject to standard commercialisation arrangements
• Reasons:
➜ little profit in basic software infrastructure➜ impact is more important to NICTA than cash➜ unrestricted accessibility (BSD License) encourages uptake
ERTOS P22
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COMMERCIALISATION
• Presently all work is in open-source domain
➜ will continue to open-source generic infrastructure➜ client-specific code subject to standard commercialisation arrangements
• Reasons:
➜ little profit in basic software infrastructure➜ impact is more important to NICTA than cash➜ unrestricted accessibility (BSD License) encourages uptake
• Goal: Create the BSD of Embedded Systems!
ERTOS P22
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SUMMARY
ERTOS WILL :
• Make conceptual contributions to software frameworks andmethodologies for the development of embedded systems
➜ A concrete outcome will be kernels, systems and tools which will be widelyavailable and used, and will enhance the NICTA brand
• Produce concrete applications of these systems in specificdomains which will lead to commercialisable outcomes
• Build capabilities to overcome a lack of systems expertise — acritical resource for the future of Australia
ERTOS P23