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Aquatic Ecology Eli Vaillancourt
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Abiotic Objectives: 1. pH- measures the hydrogen ion
concentration a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions
with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.
Alkalinity- quantitative capacity of water to neutralize an acid.
This is important in determining a stream's ability to neutralize acidic pollution from rainfall or wastewater.
Dissolved Oxygen- a relative measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium
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exampleBrook Trout like to live in waters with a pH of
5.0 to 7.5
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Abiotic Objectives2. Water Flow- the rate or speed at which
water travels Water temperature- how hot or cold the
water is.Water turbidity- is the cloudiness or haziness
of a fluid caused by individual particlesSurface Tension- contractive tendency of the
surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force
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exampleThe water strider is denser
than water but surface tension allows it to stay afloat.
Largemouth Bass live in water temperature from 62 to 83 degrees
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Abiotic Objectives3. The shape of the land
can affect water flow and channel shape.
If a stream is high up in a steep mountain the channel will usually have a strong water flow.
As opposed to a stream on nearly flat land will be much slower.
Streams provide many habitats
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Abiotic Objectives4. Water Cycle!
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exampleThe Northern Red Salamander only comes
out to search for prey, during or after rain.
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Abiotic Objectives 5. Watersheds of PA
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Abiotic Objectives6. Streams range from a first to twelve order.
1st being the smallest and 12th being the largest.
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Biotic Objectives1.Identifying Aquatic animals: http://quizlet.com/2216643/pa-envirothon-fish
-flash-cards/
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Biotic Objectives2. Life cycles of animalsEx: Trout
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Biotic ObjectivesBull Frog
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Biotic ObjectivesDragonfly
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Biotic ObjectivesAdaptations of Mudpuppy:Slimy skin- keeps it moistTail- assists in jumpingGills- breathe underwater
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Biotic ObjectivesYellow Perch habitat requirements: Fresh waterLow turbidity 17.6 to 25 degrees CModerate vegetationLow water flow for laying/hatching eggs
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Community Objectives1.Aquatic and Wetland Environments:Pond LakeStreamMarsh BogSwamp
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Community Objectives2. Functions of wetlandsrecycle nutrientspurify water attenuate floods recharge ground waterprovide habitats for wildlife
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Community Objectives3. Stream from headwater to mouth
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Community Objectives4. Functional feeding groups: Mayfly nymphs are scrapers that eat algae,
bacteria and fungus of rocks. Stonefly nymph is a shredder that eats
decaying leaves and twigs. Dragonfly nymph is a predator that eats
smaller insects, leeches, or fish.
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Community Objectives5. Food Web
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Aquatic resource issues Artificial fertilizers and pesticides in crops causes
intoxication of aquatic life.Factories produce many toxic and hazardous wastes
which can pollute the soil, rivers and water sources if released untreated in the ecosystems.
Fishing reduces the fish communities in rivers and oceans, destructive fishing techniques can also cause water pollution and damage to other aquatic life.
Mining operations release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, as well as heavy metals into the soil and water sources.
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Aquatic resource issuesBog Turtle is endangered
Eastern Massasauga is endangered
Atlantic Sturgeon is threatened
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Invasive Species
Sea Lamprey
Common Carp
Red-Eared Slider
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Migratory Fish RestorationAmerican Eel
American Shad
Atlantic Sturgeon
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Water Quality Ammoniaconductivity fecal coliform bacteria nitrate + nitriteNitrogendissolved oxygen pH Phosphorussuspended solidstemperature turbidity
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How can you protect water quality?IDENTIFY your watershed. TEST your soil before applying fertilizers or
other nutrients to avoid over-application. REDUCE pesticide use. PATCH bare soil areas in your yard to prevent
erosion and runoff. SWEEP, rather than hose down, sidewalks,
driveways, and other impervious surfaces. USE a funnel for pouring when filling your
lawn mower or other gasoline-powered tools DISPOSE of pet waste in the garbage
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How can you protect water quality?MANAGE landscape projects properly. MINIMIZE lawn area and implement healthy
lawn care practices. REPLACE paved surfaces, such as a garden path
or driveway, with porous material. USE RAINWATER to your advantage. MAINTAIN a natural buffer zone between your
landscaped area and any ponds or streams to prevent bank erosion and to filter contaminants
AVOID planting trees too close to septic systems.
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THE END!