Download - Electric Dipole Moments, the LHC, and the Origin of Matter M.J. Ramsey-Musolf Wisconsin-Madison NPAC
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Electric Dipole Moments, the LHC, and the Origin of Matter
M.J. Ramsey-MusolfWisconsin-MadisonQuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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http://www.physics.wisc.edu/groups/particle-theory/
NPACTheoretical Nuclear, Particle, Astrophysics & Cosmology
MIT LNS Colloquium, March 2011
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The Origin & History of Matter
Standard Model Universe
EW Symmetry Breaking: Higgs ?
BSM Universe
QCD: n+p! nuclei
QCD: q+g! n,p…
Astro: stars, galaxies,..
How did we go from nothing to something ?
e+ + e- ! q + q !
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The Origin & History of Matter
?
Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?
EW Baryogenesis: testable w/ EDMs + colliders
Leptogenesis: less testable, look for ingredients w/ s
Can new TeV scale physics explain the abundance of matter ?
If so, how will we know ?
What are the quantitative implications of new EDM experiments & LHC searches for the Higgs and new particles for explaining the origin of YB & CDM ?
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The Origin of Matter
?
Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?
EW Baryogenesis: testable w/ EDMs + colliders
Leptogenesis: less testable, look for ingredients w/ s
Can new TeV scale physics explain the abundance of matter ?
If so, how will we know ?
What are the quantitative implications of new EDM experiments & LHC searches for the Higgs and new particles for explaining the origin of YB?
PRD 71: 075010 (2005) PRD 73: 115009 (2006) JHEP 0607:002 (2006 ) PRD 78:075009 (2008) PRL 102:061301 (2009) PLB 673: 95 (2009)
JHEP 0912:067 (2009)PRD 81:063506 (2010)JHEP 1001:002 (2010)PRD 81: 103503 (2010)JHEP 1008:062 (2010)
D. Chung WisconsinV. Cirigliano LANLB. Garbrecht AachenM. Gonzalez-Alonso WisconsinC. Lee MITY. Li BNLT. Liu UC Santa
BarbaraS. Profumo UC Santa CruzJ. Shiu IPMUS. Tulin TRIUMF
Baryogenesis & EDMs
PRD 75: 037701 (2007) JHEP 0807:010 (2007) PRD 77: 035005 (2008) PRD79: 015018 (2009)
PRD79: 055024 (2009)JHEP 1001:053 (2010)arXiv: 1101.4665 [hep-ph]
Higgs Pheno & EWPT
V. Barger WisconsinP. Fileviez Perez WisconsinM. Gonderinger WisconsinP. Langacker IASH. Lim WisconsinM. McCaskey KansasD. O’Connell IASH. Patel WisconsinS. Profumo UC Santa CruzG. Shaugnessy
ANL/NorthwesternK. Wang IPMUM. Wise Caltech
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Outline
I. Baryogenesis: General Features
II. Computing YB systematically: progress & challenges (today’s theory talk by V. Cirigliano)
III. Illustrative phenomenology in MSSM: EDMs & the LHC
IV. EW Phase Transition: Higgs & New Scalars
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I. Baryogenesis: General Features
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Baryogenesis: Ingredients
Anomalous B-violating processes
Prevent washout by inverse processes
Sakharov Criteria
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
SM Sphalerons:
SM CKM CPV:
SM EWPT:
EDMs
LHC: Scalars
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EW Baryogenesis: Standard Model
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
Anomalous Processes
Different vacua: (B+L)= NCS€
Aλ
Kuzmin, Rubakov, Shaposhnikov McLerran,…
Sphaleron Transitions€
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EW Baryogenesis: Standard Model
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967€
mt4
MW4
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mc2
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Increasing mh
1st order 2nd order
• CP-violation too weak• No EWPT
Shaposhnikov
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Electroweak Baryogenesis
Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?
EW symmetric universe
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Bubbles of broken EW symmetry
EW phase transition
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Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
?
ϕ new
?
φ(x)
Unbroken phase
Broken phaseCP Violation
Topological transitions
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• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?
Theoretical Issues:Strength of phase transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics (numerical)Transport at phase boundary (non-eq QFT)EDMs: many-body physics & QCD
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II. Computing YB
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Systematic Baryogenesis
Goal: Derive dependence of YB on parameters Lnew systematically (controlled approximations)
Parameters in LnewBubble & PT dynamics
CPV phases
Departure from equilibrium
• Earliest work: QM scattering & stat mech
• New developments: non-equilibrium QFT
Develop methods with Minimal Supersymmetric SM but more generally applicable
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Systematic Baryogenesis
Goal: Derive dependence of YB on parameters Lnew systematically (controlled approximations)
Parameters in LnewBubble & PT dynamics
CPV phases
Departure from equilibrium
• Earliest work: QM scattering & stat mech
• New developments: non-equilibrium QFT
Scale Hierarchy: Fast, but not too fast
Hot, but not too hot
Dense, but not too dense
d = vw (k / << 1
p = p / << 1
= / T << 1
Thermal, but not too dissipative
Plural, but not too flavored
coll = coll / << 1
osc = / T << 1
Work to lowest, non-trivial order in ’s
Error is O () ~ 0.1
Cirigliano, Lee, R-M,Tulin
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Baryogenesis: CPV & Transport
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
?
ϕ new
?
φ(x)
Unbroken phase
Broken phaseCP Violation & Transport
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Also Cirigliano, Lee, R-M, Tulin
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∂t− D∇ 2ρ B = −ΓWS FWS (x) nL (x) + Rρ B[ ]
FWS (x) ->0 deep inside bubble
nL produced in wall & diffuses in front
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Baryogenesis: CPV & Transport
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
?
ϕ new
?
φ(x)
Unbroken phase
Broken phaseCP Violation & Transport
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Transport: A Competition
CPV
Chem Eq
R-M et al
Diffusion
Also Cirigliano, Lee, R-M, Tulin
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Coupled set of (~30) quantum Boltzmann equations QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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Thanks: B. Garbrecht
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Baryogenesis: CPV & Transport
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
?
ϕ new
?
φ(x)
Unbroken phase
Broken phaseCP Violation & Transport
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Transport: A Competition
CPV
Chem Eq
R-M et al
Diffusion
Also Cirigliano, Lee, R-M, Tulin
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Coupled set of (~30) quantum Boltzmann equations QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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Thanks: B. Garbrecht
Topological transitions
MSSM: Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘09
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Bubble interior
Bubble exterior
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Details of spectrum & int impt:
Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘08
LH leptons
LH quarksLH fermions
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Baryogenesis: CPV & Transport
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
?
ϕ new
?
φ(x)
Unbroken phase
Broken phaseCP Violation & Transport
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Transport: A Competition
CPV
Chem Eq
R-M et al
Diffusion
Also Cirigliano, Lee, R-M, Tulin
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Coupled set of (~30) quantum Boltzmann equations
EDM searches:
How strong was the CPV “kick” ?
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Thanks: B. Garbrecht
Topological transitions
MSSM: Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘09
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Bubble interior
Bubble exterior
CPV
LH leptons
LH quarksLH fermions
CPV Sources:
Compute finite-T Greens fns in presence of spacetime varying, complex mass matrix (CPV flavor oscillations) & thermalizing reactions
• Approx solutions
• Exact solution for time-varying, spatially homogeneous background (Cirigliano, Lee, R-M, Tulin ‘09)
• Full solution: in progress
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Key Results: MSSM
Resonant Higgsino-Gaugino scattering dominates SCPV
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φ(x)
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SCPV
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CP-cons particle number changing processes
Chung,Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin: PRL 102:061301 (2009)
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Small tan negligible Yb, effects tan=20: impt Yb, effects (g-2)
Detailed information from precision tests & LHC needed
Key Results: MSSM & Beyond
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III. Phenomenology: EDMs, LHC, & YB
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EDMs: New CPV?
• SM “background” well below new CPV expectations
• New expts: 102 to 103 more sensitive
• CPV needed for BAU?
Mass Scale Sensitivity
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EDMs: Complementary Searches
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EDMs: Strongly Interacting Systems
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EDMs: Schiff Moments
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Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms
Schiff Screening
Atomic effect from nuclear finite size: Schiff moment
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EDMs in SUSY
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One Loop EDMs & Baryogenesis
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EDM Interpretation: MSSM at 2 Loop
ϕA = arg (Af Mj )
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2-loop: Non-universal Phases
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ATLAS Exclusion: mSUGRA/CMSSM
arXiv: 1102.5290
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EDMs & EWB: Non-universal phases
Arg(M1b*) = Arg(M2b*) /
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Weak dependence of de , dn on Arg(M1b*)
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Res EWB not compatible with dn
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Res & non-res EWB compatible with future dn , light mA, & moderate tan
Li, Profumo, R-M: PLB 673:95 (2009)
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MSSM Baryogenesis: EDMs & LHC
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EDMs: What We May Learn
Present n-EDM limit
Proposed n-EDM limit
Matter-AntimatterAsymmetry in the Universe:
Theory: How robust ? Can EDMs & LHC kill EW baryogenesis ?
“n-EDM has killed more theories than any other single experiment”
? MSSM
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IV. EW Phase Transition: Higgs & New Scalars
• Was there a first order EWPT leading to bubble nucleation?
• If BSM physics (CPV + particle transfer) generated a large initial YB , did nature preserve it inside the bubbles ?
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EW Phase Transition: New Scalars
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Baryon Number Preservation
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EW Phase Transition: New Scalars
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MSSM: Color Breaking Vacua
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Two-loop analysis of VEFF in effective theory
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The Simplest Extension
Model
Independent Parameters:
v0, x0, 0, a1, a2, b3, b4
H-S MixingH1 ! H2H2
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• Tree-level Z2 symmetry: a1=b3=0 to prevent s-h mixing and one-loop s hh
• x0 =0 to prevent h-s mixingxSM EWPT:
Signal Reduction Factor
Production Decay
Simplest extension of the SM scalar sector: add one real scalar S (SM singlet)
• Two Higgs mass eigenstates at “low” (LHC) energy: mixed doublet-singlet
• More flexibility pattern of symmetry breaking at high T
• Can achieve 1st order EWPT and evade LEP SM Higgs mass bounds
LHC: Signal Reduction Factor
Production Decay
sin2
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O’Connel, R-M, Wise:Profumo, R-M, Shaugnessy:
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PRD 75: 037701 (2007)
JHEP 0807:010 (2007)
PRD 77: 035005 (2008) PRD79: 015018 (2009)
Model
EWPT
LHC & DM
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Finite Temperature Potential
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• What is the pattern of symmetry breaking ?
• What are conditions on the couplings in V(H,S) so that <H0>/T > 1 at TC ?
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LHC Phenomenology
Signatures
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EWPO compatible
m2 > 2 m1
m1 > 2 m2
LHC: reduced BR(h SM)
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LHC: reduced BR(h SM)
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Complex Singlet: LHC Discovery
Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M, Shaugnessy
Traditional search: CMS
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Invisible search: ATLAS
Single component case (x0 = 0)
EWPT
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Baryon Number Preservation: Open Theory Issues
~
Final baryon asymmetry
Initial baryon asymmetry
Gauge Dep
Freq of sph unstable mode
Fluct Det ratio
Duration of EWPT
YBinit &
entropy dilution
H. Patel & MRM, arXiv: 1101.4665
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Ongoing Theoretical Work
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φ
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EWPT with scalars in higher-dim reps of SU(2)
Nuclear Schiff Moment
Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms
Computationally tractable operator accounting for nuclear correlations (Liu, Haxton, R-M, Timmermans…)
Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘09
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Bubble interior
Bubble exterior
CPV
CPV sources: resum vevs to all orders & consistently solve for non-eq Green’s functions
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Apply our tools to candidates for the “new Standard Model”
Learn what expts teach us about the origin of matter
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Summary
I. Baryonic Matter & Electroweak Baryogenesis
II. Dark Matter
Can TeV scale new physics explain the abundance of matter ?
Highly interdisciplinary problem
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Precision, sensitivity…
•Precision: details of the interactions and spectrum essential
• Energy: multi-TeV mass reach may be needed
• Astro/Cosmo: relic , e+ , GW…
• Theory: Non-equilibrium & finite-T QFT, model-building, many-body & nonperturbative QCD, collider phenomenology…
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Back Matter
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Fast, but not too fast
Hot, but not too hot
Dense, but not too dense
d = vw (k / << 1
p = p / << 1
= / T << 1
Thermal, but not too dissipative
Plural, but not too flavored
coll = coll / << 1
osc = / T << 1
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ATLAS Exclusion: mSUGRA/CMSSM
arXiv: 1102.5290
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“Strong” 1st order EWPT
Preserve YB
initial
Preserve YB
initialBubble nucleation
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The Simplest Extension
Model
Independent Parameters:
v0, x0, 0, a1, a2, b3, b4
H-S MixingH1 ! H2H2
€
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2 μhs2 2
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Mass matrix
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s
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Stable S (dark matter?)
• Tree-level Z2 symmetry: a1=b3=0 to prevent s-h mixing and one-loop s hh
• x0 =0 to prevent h-s mixingxSM EWPT:
Signal Reduction Factor
Production Decay
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MSSM EDMs: Leading Contributions
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Weinberg 3 gluon
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EDMs & Schiff Moments
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Dominant in nuclei & atoms
Engel & de Jesus: Enhanced isoscalar sensitivity ( QCD )
Schiff Moment in 199Hg Nuclear & hadron structure
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EDMs: QCD & Many-Body Theory
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Nuclear Schiff Moment
Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms
Schiff Screening
Atomic effect from nuclear finite size: Schiff moment
Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator
+ …
Role of nuclear correlations
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Non-minimal Solutions (SUSY)
Nature of DM & its interactions
Origin of the BAU
Gauge hierarchy
EWPO & mH
Origin of m
“Minimal” : 105 new parameters
Additional complications:
• Why is ~ Mweak ?
• Why little flavor & CPV ?
• Origin of params in Lsoft ?
• MSUSY < TeV (hierarchy)
• Bino-Higgsino-like LSP (DM)
• Light RH stop ( m < 125 GeV)
• M1 ~
ϕ ϕ
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Minimal Solutions (non-SUSY)
Nature of DM & its interactions
Origin of the BAU
Gauge hierarchy
EWPO & mH
Origin of m
Extra Scalars Extra Fermions
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EWPT & DM: New Scalars
Gauge Interactions
No Gauge Interactions
Simplest: 1 new dof
Next Simplest: 2 new dof
Focus: Key parameters for cosmo & LHC pheno
Complex Singlet (cxSM):DM, BAU, and mH / EWPO
H-S Mixing, Reduced BRs, & SI
Real Singlet (xSM):DM or BAU-mH / EWPO
BAU: H-S Mixing & Reduced BRs
DM: Reduced BRs & SI
Simplest: 3 new dof (2HDM: 4 new dof)
Real Triplet SM)DM or BAU (EWPT)
DM: Charged track & SI
BAU: or bb ; Br(H!)
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LHC Phenomenology
Signatures
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EWPO compatible
m2 > 2 m1
m1 > 2 m2
LHC: reduced BR(h SM)
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Signal Reduction Factor
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CMS 30 fb-1
SM-like
Singlet-like
SM-like
SM-like w/ H2 ->H1H1 or Singlet-like
~ EWB Viable
Light: all models Black: LEP allowed
Scan: EWPT-viable model parameters
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LHC: reduced BR(h SM)
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Probing : WBF
H ! ZZ! 4 l
H ! WW! 2j l
• Early LHC discovery possible
• Determine as low as ~ 0.5
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Illustrative Study: MSSM
Neutralino Mass Matrix
M1
-
M2
-mZ cos sin W mZ cos cos W
mZ sin sin W -mZ sin sin W 0
0
0
0
-
-mZ cos sin W mZ cos cos W
mZ sin sin W -mZ sin sin WMN =
Chargino Mass Matrix
M2
MC =
cos2mW
sin2mWT << TEW : mixing
of H,W to ~ ~ ~ ~
T ~TEW : scattering
of H,W from
background field
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T ~ TEW
CPV
Resonant CPV: M1,2 ~
sin ϕ Arg(M1b*) = Arg(M2b*)
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Quantum Transport & Baryogenesis
Particle Propagation: Beyond familiar (Peskin) QFT
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Assumptions: 1. Evolution is adiabatic2. Spectrum is non-degenerate3. Density is zero
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Electroweak Baryogenesis 1. Evolution is non-adiabatic: vwall > 0 -> decoherence
2. Spectrum is degenerate: T > 0 -> Quasiparticles mix
3. Density is non-zero
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Generalized Green F’ns • Spectral degeneracies• Non-adiabaticity
Non-equilibrium T>0 Evolution
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Quantum Transport & Baryogenesis
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?
φ(x)
Electroweak Baryogenesis 1. Evolution is non-adiabatic: vwall > 0 -> decoherence
2. Spectrum is degenerate: T > 0 -> Quasiparticles mix
3. Density is non-zero
Scale Hierarchy:
Fast, but not too fast
Hot, but not too hot
Dense, but not too dense
d = vw (k / << 1
p = p / << 1
= / T << 1
Work to lowest, non-trivial order in ’s
Error is O () ~ 0.1
Cirigliano, Lee, R-M
Systematically derive transport eq’s from Lnew
Competing Dynamics
CPV
Ch eq
Cirigliano, Lee,Tulin, R-M
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Complex Singlet: EWB & DM?
Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M Shaugnessy
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Key features for EWPT & DM: (1) Softly broken global U(1)
(2) Closes under renormalization
(3) SSB leading to two fields: S that mixes w/ h and A is stable (DM)
Controls CDM& EWPT
No domain walls DM mass
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Complex Singlet: EWB & DM
Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M, Shaugnessy 2 controls CDM& EWPT
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MH1 = 120 GeV, MH2=250 GeV, x0=100 GeV
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Complex Singlet: Direct Detection
Barger, Langacker, McCaskey, R-M, Shaugnessy Two component case (x0=0)
Little sensitivity of scaled SI to
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EDMs & EWB: Universal PhasesArg(M1b*) = Arg(M2b*)
Lower panels: entropy rescaling
Present & prospective de constraints
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Cirigliano, Li, Profumo, R-M 0910.4589
+-driven EWB
0-driven EWB
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EDMs in SUSY
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EDMs in SUSY: Full Two-Loop
Higgs Boson Masses
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Li, Profumo, R-M: PRD 78:075009 (2008)
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WH Loops dominate for neutron & comparable to H, A for electron
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mA=300 GeV, =300 GeV, M2=2M1=290 GeV
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Key Results: MSSM & Beyond
3. Three-body interactions (typically) drive particle number transfer
4. RH b (s)quark and tau (s)lepton Yukawa interactions critical
Yb,(susy) / Yb,(sm) = tan
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Presence of light sbottoms and staus can quench YB or change its sign
our Y
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Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘08
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Key Results: MSSM & Beyond, cont.
5. Superpartners are generally in equilibrium: “superequilibrium”
Supergauge interactions
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No supergauge
No 3rd gen sleptons
Full results
Exact supereqChung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘09
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Illustrative Study: MSSM
Supergauge Interactions
Particle Number Changing Reactions: Yukawa Interactions
Dominant in SM
Enhanced for moderate tan
“Superequilibrium”:
Chung, Garbrecht, R-M, Tulin ‘09
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Bubble interior
Bubble exterior
CPV
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Quantum Transport Equations
= + + …
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Expand in d,p,
Currents
CP violating sources Links CP violation in Higgs
and baryon sectors
Chiral Relaxation
Strong sphalerons
Producing nL = 0
• SCPV
• M , H , Y , SS
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∂Xμ jμ (X) = d3z dz0 Σ>(X,z) G<(z, X) − G>(X,z) Σ<(z, X) +L[ ]
−∞
X 0∫∫From S-D Equations:
• SCPV
• M , H , Y …
Riotto, Carena et al, R-M et al, Konstandin et al
R-M et al
Objectives:
• Determine param dep of SCPV and all s and not just that of SCPV
• Develop general methods for any model with new CPV
• Quantify theor uncertainties
Approximations
• Neglect O() terms
• Others under scrutiny
R-M, Chung, Tulin, Garbrecht, Lee, Cirigliano
• Y >> other rates? (No)
• Majorana fermions ? (densities decouple)
• Particle-sparticle eq? (usually)
• Vev resummation ?
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EDMs: Theory
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Electron
Improvements of 102 to 103
Neutron
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Neutral Atoms
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QCD
QCD
QCD
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Nuclear Schiff Moment
Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms
Neutron EDM from LQCD:
Two approaches:
• Expand in & average over topological sectors (Blum et al, Shintani et al)
• Compute E for spin up/down nucleon in background E field (Shintani et al)
mN=2.2 GeV
QCD SR (Pospelov et al)
Hadronic couplings
Pospelov et al:
PCAC + had models & QCD SR
ChPT for dn: van Kolck et al
Schiff Screening
Atomic effect from nuclear finite size: Schiff moment
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EDMs & Schiff Moments
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One-loop
EDM: q, l, n… Chromo-EDM: q, n…€
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Dominant in nuclei & atoms
Engel & de Jesus: Reduced isoscalar sensitivity ( QCD )
Schiff Moment in 199Hg Nuclear & hadron structure
Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator
+ …
New nuclear calc’s needed
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Dark Matter: Future Experiments
Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M
Assumes CD
M
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Dark Matter: Neutrinos in the Sun
SUGRA: M2 ~ 2M1 AMSB: M1 ~ 3M2
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Dark Matter: Relic Abundance
SUGRA: M2 ~ 2M1 AMSB: M1 ~ 3M2
LEP II Exclusion
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ZW ,
ZW , too fast
Neutralino-driven baryogenesis
Non-thermal
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Phenomenology: EWPO
Electroweak Precision Observables (EWPO)
Oblique parameters
Similar for S,U…
SM: global fit favors light scalar (mh~ 85 GeV)
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Phenomenology: EWPO cont’d
Electroweak Precision Observables (EWPO)
Oblique parameters
Global fit (GAPP)
• Fix mH=114 GeV & fit S,T,U
• Require
O(m1 , m2 , sin ) - OSM
to lie inside 95% CL ellipse
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SUSY Baryogenesis & Colliders
Prospective dePresent dePresent de Prospective de
LHC reach
Present de Prospective de
LHC reach
ILC reach
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Symmetry Breaking
Two Cases for <S>at high T:
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φ
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Vmin = 0
Vmin = V0 < 0
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Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
Critical Temperature
LEP allowed models: TC ~ 100 GeV
|V0| / TC4 << 1
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Extending the Higgs Sector
GUTs: SU(5) example
+ L soft
SUSY Beyond the MSSM
Fileviez Perez, Patel, R-M
Ando, Barger, Langacker, Profumo, R-M, Shaugnessy, Tulin