Download - Electric Currents
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Electric Currents
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Electric Currents
• a path along which electrons flow
• must have no breaks in the path to work
• 2 types: – closed (no breaks)– open (break, causes
the device to shut off - switch)
1. electronic current
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Electric Currents
2. 4 parts of a circuit
• energy source• load• wires• switch
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Electric Currents
3. energy source
• pushes the electric charges through a closed circuit
• battery- has a positive and a negative terminal, one side repels electrical charges and one attracts
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Electric Currents
4. load • the device the circuit delivers the energy to
• examples: light bulb, bell
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Electric Currents
5. wires • connect the energy source to the load
• often copper, because it is a good conductor, wrapped in plastic insulation to keep the current from flowing to other conductors
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Electric Currents
6. switch • opens and closes a circuit by bringing together or separating two pieces of metal
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Electric Currents
7. potential difference
• the measure of how much energy is lost when electrons go through a load
• the work needed to move a charge from one point to another
• measured in volts
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Electric Currents
8. voltage • amount of potential difference
• higher the voltage, the more energy the electrons have
• measured by a voltmeter
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Electric Currents
9. current • the number of electrons per second that flow past a point in a circuit
• measured with an ammeter
• SI unit of measurement in the ampere or amp
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Electric Currents
10. resistance
• the ability of the material to oppose the flow of electrons through it
• measured in ohms Ω• thin wire= more resistance
because there is less room for the electrons to travel
• longer wire= more resistance
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Electric Currents
11. conductors
• materials that allow for free and easy movement of electrons
• metals are good conductors, especially copper, silver, and aluminum
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Electric Currents
12. insulators • materials that are NOT good at carrying current
• examples: rubber, wood, glass
• the charge gets stuck and doesn’t move throughout the material