Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited 3rd Floor, Nawa-e-Waqt House, Mauve Area
Sector G-7/1, Zero Point, Islamabad, Pakistan tel + 92 51 220 3451 fax + 92 51 220 3462
www.halcrowpk.com
Environmental Impact Assessment for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21), Sindh
Document: 500024.BZ.EIA.F01 October 2019
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 HPK
Document History
‘Environmental Impact Assessment for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri
North Block (E.L. 2568‐21), Sindh’
This document has been issued and amended as follows:
Version Date Description Created by Verified by Approved by
01 17/10/19 1st Draft AAA AQA AQA
02 23/10/19 Final AAA AQA AQA
AAA: Arslan A. Asghar
AQA: Abdul Qayyum Aslam
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 ES-1 HPK
Executive Summary
ES.1 Introduction
This report presents the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
carried out by Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited for the proposed exploration and
associated development activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) by United
Energy Pakistan Limited (UEPL) which lies within geographical jurisdiction of Sindh
province. A key map showing the location of Kotri North Block is presented as Figure
ES‐1. This EIA has been prepared in conformance to the requirements of the Sindh
Environmental Protection Act 2014, the Sindh Initial Environmental Examination and
Environmental Impact Assessment Review Regulations, 2014 and the Pakistan
Environmental Assessment Procedures, 1997.
The EIA report explicitly covers exploration and associated development activities in
the entire spread of Kotri North Block. These activities range from 2D/3D seismic
surveys, drilling of exploration/development wells, laying of flow line/s from
producing wells to the hydrocarbons gathering system/processing facility,
establishment of processing facilities e.g. EWT or CPP, up‐gradation/modification of
existing facilities with associated civil and engineering works e.g. construction of
access track/s, residential camp/s, construction of well site/s etc. and finally
decommissioning and site restorations. Proposed project activities will be commenced
with 2D/3D seismic survey and based upon the aforementioned seismic data
acquisition and its interpretations, UEPL will plan to drill wells at the most certain
perspective locations as part of exploration/development plan. After the successfully
drilling at any proposed well location and in case of discovery, flow line/pipeline will
be laid from each well to the new/existing hydrocarbons gathering and production
system.
The proposed 2D/3D seismic surveys will be carried out in the entire spread of Kotri
North Block (hereafter also referred as the ‘project area’ in the later sections of the
report) however, location of the seismic survey/s is not finalized yet. Similarly, the
exact location of exploratory/development wells and alignment of flow line/s is not
available at this stage either. The exact location of wells will only be made available
after proposed seismic data acquisition and its interpretations by United Energy
Pakistan Limited. Furthermore, depending on the drilling results, alignment of flow
line/s will be finalized. Likewise depending on the need basis, location of
hydrocarbons processing facility will be finalized and executed accordingly. Therefore,
this EIA report is based on the fact that United Energy Pakistan Limited will submit
the Project Initiation Report (PIR) or Activity Initiation Report (AIR) for each planned
activity to Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (for information) prior to the start
of each aforementioned activity in the project area.
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OCTOBER 2019 ES-2 HPK
The objective of exploration and associated development activities is to explore for
potential hydrocarbons reserves in the prospective formations identified during
previous Oil & Gas exploration activities in the region particularly in the leased area.
ES.2 Objectives of the EIA
The objectives of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) are to:
Assess the existing environmental conditions in the project area, including the
identification of environmental sensitive areas and develop a baseline of its
existing environmental and socioeconomic conditions;
Identify and investigate all impacts of the proposed exploration and associated
development activities on the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment
of the project area;
To propose mitigation measures that would help UEPL in conducting the
exploration and development activities in an environmentally sustainable manner;
To uncover the construction and operational phase impacts up to
microenvironment levels in which project is proposed to be sited; and
To develop an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that would assist UEPL in
the effective implementation of the recommendations of the EIA.
ES.3 The Project Proponent
United Energy Pakistan Limited, UEP Alpha Limited and UEP Beta GmbH collectively
known as UEP (UEP Alpha and UEP Beta were previously known as OMV Maurice
Energy Limited and OMV (Pakistan) Exploration GmbH) are subsidiaries of United
Energy Group (UEG), an energy company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
UEP is the largest foreign oil & gas exploration and production (E&P) company in
Pakistan, and have been contributing significantly in reducing Pakistan’s dependency
on oil & gas imports through indigenous hydrocarbon production.
UEG’s asset has a rich heritage, starting nearly four decades ago when an American
E&P company, Union Texas Pakistan, initiated operations in Khaskeli, Badin. Since
then, this asset has undergone several changes and a shift in ownership a number of
times. Acquisition of British Petroleum’s assets by UEG was the first venture in
Pakistan and since then UEG has made significant investments in the business,
resulting in rapid growth. UEG’s onshore concessions span across 20,000 square
kilometers and are spread across Sindh and Balochistan provinces.
UEP is conscious of environmental footprint and work diligently to ensure that no
harm is caused to anyone involved in or impacted by their activities. UEP not only
comply with all applicable laws related to Health, Safety and the Environment (HSE)
but also have a set of internal policies in place to minimize the environmental impact
of their operations.
In coordination with the government, communities and non‐governmental
organizations, UEP has invested in sustainable social investment projects in the areas
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OCTOBER 2019 ES-3 HPK
where operating. CSR interventions have brought a positive impact in the lives of local
communities by enhancing access to technical training, creating opportunities for
sustainable income generation and providing quality education and healthcare
services. UEP has invested in the alternative energy sector. UEG (parent company) has
also invested in a wind energy project located in the Jhimpir wind corridor in the
Sindh province. This project was one of the 14 top priority projects of the China
Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
ES.4 Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21) & Project Area
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) is located in geographical jurisdiction of Jamshoro,
Matiari and Hyderabad districts of Sindh province with a total area coverage of
approximately 1,397 square kilometers (km2). Out of total covered area of the block
district Jamshoro contributes the major part i.e. 1,133.5 km2 whereas, district Matiari
shares approx. 257 km2 and district Hyderabad contributes about 6.6 km2 (see Figure
ES‐2). Taluka wise distribution of abovementioned districts is provided in table below:
No. District Taluka Area Coverage (km2)
1. Jamshoro Kotri 442
Manjhand 691.5
2. Hyderabad Hyderabad 6.5
3. Matiari
Hala 210
Matiari 4
Saeedabad 43
United Energy Pakistan is operator of the block and holds 50% working interest. Other
joint venture (JV) partners include Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) and Asia
Resources Oil Limited (AROL). PPL and AROL holds 40% and 10% working interest
in the block respectively.
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) encompass several forest protected areas. There are
about 28 reserve forests (all of them are small sized) are falling in the geographical
jurisdiction of the Block (E.L. 2568‐21). These reserve forests includes; Kunar Rishal,
Keti Dallu, Nur Keti, Drabo, Manjhand, Keti Khasai, Unarpur, Rudhapur, Rishal,
Nural Abad, Racho Khanot, Pako Bhanot, Butho, Ranno, Rajri, Salaro Ghotana, Lakha,
Khasai, Ghotana, Murid Rais, Sekhat, Matiari, Miana, Hatri, Muhammad Khan, Bada,
Shah Bukhari and Railo Bada. These reserve forests which were once pristine riverine
forests, now mostly are under cultivation. Location of forest protected areas is also
shown in Figure ES‐2.
ES.5 The Proposed Project
The entire leased area spreads over approximately 1,397 km2 and lies in Jamshoro,
Matiari and Hyderabad districts of Sindh province. The EIA report explicitly covers
exploration and associated development activities in the entire spread of Kotri North
Block. These activities range from 2D/3D seismic surveys, drilling of exploration/
development wells, laying of flow line/s from producing wells to the existing
hydrocarbons gathering system/processing facility, establishment of processing
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OCTOBER 2019 ES-4 HPK
facilities e.g. EWT or CPP, up‐gradation/modification of existing facilities with
associated civil and engineering works e.g. construction of access track/s, residential
camp/s, construction of well site/s etc. and finally decommissioning and site
restorations.
Proposed project activities will be commenced with 2D/3D seismic survey and based
upon the aforementioned seismic data acquisition and its interpretations, UEPL will
plan to drill wells as part of exploration/development plan. After the successfully
drilling at proposed well location and in case of discovery, flow line/pipeline will be
laid from each well to the new/existing hydrocarbons gathering and production
system over the period of three years. Detailed proposed project activities will include
but not limited to be are listed below:
Seismic activities (2D and 3D);
Well sites preparation & construction activities;
Drilling of exploration, development and water injection wells (no new water
injection well will be drilled only plugged & abandoned (P&A) well will be used
for the purpose);
Surface facilities development at drilled well sites including EWT;
Laying of flow lines from producing wells to CPP/Gathering hub;
Laying of flow lines from CPP/Gathering hub to Point of Delivery (POD);
Development of early production, production and testing facilities which will
include plant construction and operations;
Development of remote facilities;
Up‐gradation/Modification of existing facilities;
Relocation of existing facilities e.g. decommissioning of plant equipment and
relocation to other location within project area;
Construction of access roads & residential camps;
Decommissioning of surface facilities (well sites/plant sites); and
Sites restoration.
The proposed 2D & 3D seismic data acquisition will be carried out using a
combination of vibroseis and dynamite technologies. The objective of the seismic
survey is to explore the subsurface in the area to identify hydrocarbon laden
formations. For seismic survey a base camp with fly camp (if required) will be
established to house the seismic crew followed by seismic activity and finally
restoration of seismic lines and base camp/fly camp upon completion of survey area to
original conditions.
Drilling of each well will start with the construction of the access road, rig camp and
well site for each proposed location. This will be followed by drilling of exploratory or
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OCTOBER 2019 ES-5 HPK
development well. Each proposed well will be drilled using a conventional land
drilling rig. A specialized waste management system using Hi‐G dryers and
centrifuges will be installed on the land drilling rig for better management and
disposal of drilling wastes. This will also help in reducing the water requirements
during drilling and managing the size of wastes pits at each proposed well location.
Depending on the drilling results (success or failure), abandonment, completion or
suspension of the well and site restoration. Furthermore, in case of discovery of
hydrocarbons at any of the proposed well locations, laying of flow line/pipeline from
wells to the hydrocarbons gathering/processing facilities and tie‐in/wellhead works
will be carried out.
The proposed 2D/3D seismic surveys will be carried out in the entire spread of Kotri
North Block however, location of the seismic survey/s is not finalized yet. Similarly,
the exact location of exploratory/development wells and alignment of flow line/s is not
available at this stage either. The exact location of wells will only be made available
after proposed seismic data acquisition and its interpretations by United Energy
Pakistan Limited. Furthermore, depending on the drilling results, alignment of flow
line/s will be finalized. Likewise depending on the need basis, location of
hydrocarbons processing facility will be finalized and executed accordingly. Therefore,
this EIA report is based on the fact that United Energy Pakistan Limited will submit
the Project Initiation Report (PIR) or Activity Initiation Report (AIR) for each planned
activity to Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (for information) prior to the start
of each aforementioned activity in the leased area of Kotri North Block.
ES.6 The EIA Methodology
Various steps undertaken in the EIA preparation included sharing of ToRs with key
stakeholders; understanding of the proposed operation/s; review of legislations and
guidelines; EIA scope and methodology; collection of secondary data including
physical, biological & socioeconomic environment and heritage aspects; field data
collection; stakeholder consultations; review of alternatives; impact identification;
recommendations for mitigation and monitoring measures; development of
environmental management plan (EMP) and reporting.
Field survey for EIA study was carried out by a team of environmentalist, wildlife
expert, botanist and sociologist/gender specialist in last week of August, 2019. Field
data collection also included ground trusting of available secondary information.
Secondary information was collected from UEPL, in‐house sources like previous
environmental studies in the region in addition to respective District Census Reports
(DCRs). Applicable environmental assessment procedures prepared by the Pakistan
EPA were followed in the preparation of this EIA.
ES.7 Biological Resources
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) is predominantly located in hilly, stony and sandy
plains followed by cultivable land & agricultural fields. Apart from them, there are
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OCTOBER 2019 ES-6 HPK
two other important biological habitats which includes Indus River, irrigation network
& associated marshes and wasteland/fallow lands. During the field visit for EIA a total
of 128 floral species belonging to 37 families, 101 birds, 20 mammals and 20 reptiles
were recorded from entire stretch of Kotri North Block.
Out of total 101 recorded birds, 18 species have protected status under the provision of
Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972 which include some ducks, raptors, egrets
and herons. Out of total recorded species 3 are on IUCN Red List, 12 migratory species
are on CMS and 20 included on CITES appendices having international demand for
trade. Out of total recorded mammals, three species are of global significance
including Fishing cat, Hog deer and Indian pangolin.
ES.8 Impacts and Mitigations
The EIA covers potential effects of the proposed project activities in the Kotri North
Block. Potential impacts on the physical, biological, socioeconomic, archaeological and
cultural environment that may arise from exploration and associated development
operation and the mitigation measures that will be adopted to reduce or minimize the
impact have been assessed and are summarized in Table ES‐1. Overall, the proposed
exploration activities will have positive impacts on the local communities of the area.
ES.9 Environmental Management Plan
For the effective implementation and management of mitigation measures, an
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared which meets the
requirement of the Sindh Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental
Impact Assessment Review Regulations, 2014 and the Pakistan Initial Environmental
Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment Review Procedures, 2000.
The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential impacts of proposed
project activities, to enhance project benefits and to introduce standards of good
practices in all project related activities. The EMP has been prepared with the objective
of:
Defining legislative requirements, guidelines and best industry practices that
apply to the proposed project activities;
Defining mitigation measures required for avoiding or minimizing potential
impacts assessed by the EIA;
Defining roles and responsibilities of the project proponent and the execution
contractors; and
Defining requirements for environmental monitoring and reporting.
ES.10 Conclusion
The EIA has fully examined the proposed project activities, the background
environmental conditions of the project area and the environmental impacts likely to
arise from the proposed exploration and associated development activities. Overall,
the EIA report for exploration and associated development activities in Kotri North
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OCTOBER 2019 ES-7 HPK
Block (E.L. 2568‐21) has predicted that the project will comply with all applicable
environmental standards and legislations before and during the proposed exploration
and associated activities. This EIA has also demonstrated the acceptability of the
residual impacts from the project and the protection of the identified environmentally
sensitive resources. Environmental monitoring mechanism have been recommended
before and during the proposed operation, where necessary, to verify the accuracy of
the EIA predictions and the effectiveness of recommended mitigation measures.
Based on the above, this report concludes that there are no potential adverse
environmental impacts from proposed exploration and associated development
activities in Kotri North Block. Impacts of less significance can be mitigated to an
acceptable level by adequate implementation of the mitigation measures identified
and suggested, hence, no significant or unacceptable change in the baseline
environmental conditions will occur. Similarly, the operation will have a visible
positive impact on the socioeconomic conditions of the local residents and
significantly boost the economy of the area. Mitigation measures to help alleviating
potential identified impacts have been recommended and a project specific EMP has
been provided for implementation of these mitigation measures.
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Table ES‐1: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation
Potential Impact Sources Recommended Mitigation Measures
Changes in
landscape,
topography and
soil erosion
Land uptake &
clearing
Off‐road travel
Over‐speeding
Use of existing dirt
tracks
Poor compaction of
working sites
Total land uptake by the project facilities e.g.
operational camps, well sites, processing facility
and access roads will be kept to the minimum
required
All project facilities will be located in existing
clearings and on levelled land
Clearing of vegetation and disturbance to the
natural soils will be minimized
Cuttings of trees/bushes will be avoided
Access tracks to project locations will be gravel
topped and properly compacted
Land area requirements for new construction
camp/s (if required) and RoW of flow lines will be
kept to the minimum required
Topsoil of the RoW will be separately stored and
will be backfilled after proper compaction
Existing access roads shall be used as much as
possible and off‐road travel will be avoided
Vehicles speed will be maintained and monitored
Periodic trainings will be provided to drivers on
environmental sensitivity
Movement of equipment will be restricted to
work areas only
Seismic lines and access tracks in the undulating
plains and higher elevations will follow natural
contours as much as possible
Uncontrolled and unnecessary clearing, dozing,
excavations or quarrying, storage of construction
material etc. will be avoided
Photographs will be taken at the begning and on
regular intervals throughout the project activities
to monitor any changes in the landscape and
topography
Topography will not be altered by taking all
appropriate measures
Soil and water
contamination
Domestic wastes
Oily wastes
Clinical waste
Construction wastes
Produced water
Drilling mud and
cuttings
Cleaning and hydro‐
testing of flow lines
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) shall be the most
preferred option for handling of black/grey water
under BATNEEC/BAT, but in case of
unavailability of STP, septic tank and soak pits
shall be provided
Project related facilities will be setup at an
appropriate distance from the nearby settlements
Septic tanks and soak pits at 300 m from water
resources e.g. local water wells or hand pumps
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Potential Impact Sources Recommended Mitigation Measures
Disposal of wastes according to waste disposal
procedure on regular and strict basis
Soak pits to be properly covered to avoid surface
runoff water
Sprinkling of untreated wastewater will not be
allowed
No solid waste will be disposed of in the field
Burning of waste will not be allowed
Municipal combustible, non‐combustible and
hazardous wastes will be handed over to
approved contractor
Restoration of sites including septic and soak
system according to restoration protocols
Temporarily store clinical wastes at site and hand
it over to approved waste contractor for safe
disposal
Washing of vehicles in designated areas within
the campsites
Checking of vehicles and fuel tanks for fuel or oil
leaks
Concrete pad, bunded area and proper marking
for all fuel tanks
Disposal of all spills including contaminated soil
according to waste management protocol
At the time of seismic restoration all pin flags,
signs and refuse from seismic lines will be
removed
The drill cuttings and water based mud will be
disposed into a pit lined with an impermeable
HDPE liner
Produced formation fluids during testing will be
flared along with the gas or collected inside the
lined waste pit at the well sites or processing
facility
Waste pits at the well sites will be lined with an
HDPE liner
Drill cuttings and mud pits at the well sites will
be at a minimum distance of 300 m from local
water resource
All other waste pits or enclosures at least 300 m
from local settlements and local water resources
Proper fuel and oil transfer operations
Evaporation pit will be built at a distance of 300 m
(HDPE lined) from local water sources
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Potential Impact Sources Recommended Mitigation Measures
Spill prevention and contingency plan will be
developed and implemented
Storage of chemicals on brick masonry pads with
periphery drains
Hydro‐testing of flow line will be performed
following approved procedures, a purpose built
pit will be used for collection of wastewater from
the activity
Climate and
ambient air
quality
Equipment
Machinery
Vehicles
Maintenance of generators, equipment and
vehicles to keep them in good working condition
Adopt best management practices to minimize
the course of any segment of the proposed project
Regulation and monitoring of vehicles speed
Locate rig site and campsites 300 m away from
the community
Minimize dust emissions due to road travel by
regulating vehicles speed and watering of the
access track (where required)
While selecting routes of access track maintain a
reasonable distance from communities. Preferably
access tracks passing through communities will
be avoided
If unavoidable a speed limit of less than 30 km/hr
will be observed on the section of the road
passing through the community
Emissions should comply national and provincial
standards wherever applicable
Construction of burn pits will not be allowed
Flare pit will be kept downwind at the well site
and processing facility and at least 300 m from the
nearest community
The duration of flaring during well testing and
production phase will be kept to the minimum
required
Sand blasting will be carried out under contorlled
condition to avoid any dust emission
Noise pollution Equipment,
machinery and
vehicles
It shall be ensured that generators, vehicles and
other potentially noisy equipment used are in
good working condition
Well sites, campsites and production facility will
be located 300 m away from nearest communities
The use of horns by project vehicles shall be
minimized. The use of pressure horns shall not be
allowed
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Potential Impact Sources Recommended Mitigation Measures
Movement of all project vehicles and personnel
shall be restricted to within work areas only
Preferably, generators will be kept within
enclosures to minimize dispersion of noise
Water
abstraction
All activities
requiring water
Water from wetlands/dhands or other surface
water bodies e.g. canals etc. will not be used for
the proposed project
Water to be used only from local wells or UEPL
may install its own water wells after ensuring the
available capacity at the local tube well/water
well (safe yield minus local demand) is at least
50% greater than the project demand
Record water consumption for each project
component
Adaptation of water conservation policy and
avoid water losses
The use of brackish water will be maximized
wherever possible
Install new water well at 300 m from existing local
wells and designed to abstract water from deep
aquifer
Utilization of water resources that are in
possession of local owners shall be compensated
as per mutual agreed terms
Abstract water from sources recommended in the
EIA report
Blockage of
natural drainage
Construction
activities
Area around the well sites and all campsites shall
be landscaped to avoid blocking of natural
drainage
Causeway crossings and pipe culverts will be
provided at all stream crossings to avoid blocking
of natural drainage
Uncontrolled clearing, dozing, excavations or
quarrying, storage of construction material etc.
will be avoided
Clearing of
vegetation and
loss of habitat
Land uptake and
clearing
Off‐road travel
Minimize land uptake for proposed project
activities
Access tracks will be properly compacted at the
time of construction and afterwards
Periodic training to drivers on sensitivity of
environment
Avoid unnecessary damage to vegetation
All operation based camp/s will be setup in
existing clearings and levelled land outside the
boundary of forest protected area
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Potential Impact Sources Recommended Mitigation Measures
Apply good management practices
Movement of project personnel will be restricted
to working areas only
Avoid clearing of trees or even tall shrubs
Prohibit use of local wood for cooking or heating
purposes
Minimize off‐road travel
Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored
During proposed seismic operation clearing of
vegetation will be minimized by minimizing the
width of the vibroseis tracks, minimizing the
preparation of new access tracks and keeping the
width of new access tracks to the minimum
required
Blasting, construction or drilling activities will not
be performed in Indus River
Crew personnel while working along seismic
lines will concentrate within a corridor of 4.5 m
Topsoil of the RoW for flow lines will be
separately stored
This topsoil of the RoW will be backfilled after
proper compaction ensuring regeneration of
vegetation
Disturbance to
wildlife
Noise generated from
project activities
Movement of
personnel and
vehicles
Lights used at the
project facilities
Clearing of vegetation
Prohibit hunting, killing, fishing, trapping,
feeding or harassment to wildlife
Activities in the core habitats of protected species
shall be avoided as much as possible
Proposed activities in the protected areas shall be
completed in the shortest possible time
Awareness trainings for contractors and crew
personnel prior to engagement in the operation
Minimize vegetation clearing and land uptake
Movement of project personal will be restricted
Do not dispose of food waste in open
Maintain vehicles speed on access road to avoid
incidental mortalities of reptiles
Lights used at the campsites will be kept to the
minimum required
Adhere with minimum distances specified in the
EIA and EMP for entire course of the operation
All mitigation measures listed in the EIA/EMP to
minimize noise levels, dust emissions, exhaust
emissions and waste generation will be adhered
to
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Potential Impact Sources Recommended Mitigation Measures
Construction activities during night hours will be
prohibited. However, in case of urgency, night
activities will be allowed after reassessing the
impact of activity on the environment through a
risk assessment or change mangement statement
and specifying additional mitigation measures if
required
Blasting, construction or drilling activities will not
be performed in Indus River
Night traveling will only be allowed when
absolutely necessary or in case of emergency only
Impacts of the individual projects on wildlife will
be monitored by independent monitoring teams
Socioeconomic,
archaeological
and cultural
environment
Acquisition of lands
for project facilities
Exploitation of local
water sources
Improper disposal of
wastes
Dust and exhaust
emissions
Noise from project
facilities
Movement of vehicles
on access tracks close
to the communities
Protect local sources of drinking water
Sprinkling of water to avoid dust emission
wherever required
Re‐routing or bypass to all major settlement
Training will be given to drivers on safe driving
Strict compliance on UEPL’s HSE guidelines
Priority in employment to local residents living
close to the project location as per the local
regulations and company’s competency criteria
Regulation and monitoring of vehicles speed
The rig sites and campsites will be located at a
minimum distance of 300 m from communities
Land acquisition and distribution of
compensation must be transparent and on fast
pace
Apply best management practice in the entire
course of operation
During project, links with local community will
be maintained
Use of local wood as fuel will be prohibited
Maintain community complaints register
Cultural norms will be respected
Pay proper and justified compensation for land
and water being utilized in the entire operation
Dispose of all wastes following the requirements
of the EIA
Use local water sources only after complying with
the relevant EIA/EMP requirements
Maintain appropriate offsets from sites of
religious, cultural or archaeological significance if
encountered
Lat :25° 27' 32.436" NLong:68° 36' 29.484" E
Lat :25° 41' 38.688" NLong:68° 33' 20.196" EKotri
Hala
Thatta
Matiari
Hyderabad
Latifabad
Qasimabad
Tando Adam
Jamshoro
Matiari
Thatta
Hyderabad
Sanghar
68°32'0"E
68°32'0"E
68°24'0"E
68°24'0"E
68°16'0"E
68°16'0"E
68°8'0"E
68°8'0"E
68°0'0"E
68°0'0"E26
°0'0
"N
26°0
'0"N
25°5
2'0
"N
25°5
2'0
"N
25°4
4'0
"N
25°4
4'0
"N
25°3
6'0
"N
25°3
6'0
"N
25°2
8'0
"N
25°2
8'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
LegendBlock Boundary Reserve Forest (SOP) Tehsil Boundaries
District Boundaries
·0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Km
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) LimitedUnited Energy
Pakistan
Fig ES-1: Key Map of Kotri North Block
Project:EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21)
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Goth Rais Ghulam Ali Mari
Goth Tando Syed Khan Mitho
Graveyard / Shrine
Sindh Agriculture University
Graveyard
Graveyard
Goth Akro
Graveyard
Graveyard
Graveyard
Goth Tajpur
Goth Salaro
Goth Jaitharo
Goth Aliabad
Goth Haji Ishaq
Goth Karim Deno
Goth Tadri Mori
Goth Haji Shabu
Goth Khuda baksh
Goth Sufan Bacho
Goth Hayat Bhatti
Goth Bachal Dehta
Goth Bakhshia Marri
Goth Suleman Barejo
Graveyard on Highway
Goth Bego Khan Mirjat
Goth Sayen Dino Malah
Goth Mehram Khazkheli
Goth Gulshan e Shahbaz
Goth Darya Baig Mughal
Dargah Dado Khamiso Fakir
Shrine Baba Allah Bakhsh Jilani
Dargah Syed Muhammad Shah Bukhari
Goth Wadero Misri
Kotri
Hala
Matiari
Hyderabad
Thatta Latifabad
Tando Adam
Qasimabad
Tando Allahyar
Jamshoro
Matiari
HyderabadThatta
Sanghar
68°30'0"E
68°30'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°10'0"E
68°10'0"E26
°0'0
"N
26°0
'0"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
·0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Km
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited
Fig ES-2: Project Area MapProject:EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21)
LegendBlockBoundary/ProjectArea
!C Existing Well Site
×[
Gas CompressionFacility
"" Community
×k Graveyard
!a Power Plant
Shrine
¥B¢ University
hWater SamplingLocation
Nationla HighwayReserve Forest(SOP)
Tehsil BoundariesDistrictBoundaries United Energy
Pakistan
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 i HPK
Contents
Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... ES-1
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................1
Environmental Impact Assessment ................................................................................... 1
The Project Proponent ........................................................................................................ 2
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21) & Project Area ............................................................... 2
The Proposed Project .......................................................................................................... 3
Proposed Environmental Approval and Management System ....................................... 5
EIA Consultants ................................................................................................................... 6
Reporting .............................................................................................................................. 6
Contact Details ..................................................................................................................... 7
2 EIA Scope and Methodology ................................................................................. 10
2.1.1 Scope of the EIA .................................................................................................................. 10
The EIA Team ..................................................................................................................... 10
The EIA Methodology ........................................................................................................ 10
2.3.1 Understanding of the Proposed Project and Review of Alternatives ................................... 10
2.3.2 Review of Policies, Legislation and Guidelines ................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Secondary Data Collection .................................................................................................. 10
2.3.4 Field Data Collection ............................................................................................................ 11
2.3.5 Community/Public Consultation ........................................................................................... 11
2.3.6 Impact Identification and Assessment ................................................................................. 11
2.3.7 Recommendations for Mitigation & Monitoring Measures ................................................... 12
2.3.8 Development of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) .................................................. 12
3 Legal Framework .................................................................................................... 15
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 15
United Energy Pakistan Limited’s Corporate HSE Policy .............................................. 15
National Environmental Policy, Legislation and Guidelines ......................................... 15
3.3.1 National Environmental Policy, 2005 ................................................................................... 15
3.3.2 National Conservation Strategy, 1992 ................................................................................. 16
3.3.3 The Biodiversity Action Plan, 2000 ...................................................................................... 17
3.3.4 Provincial & National Environmental Legislations ................................................................ 17
3.3.5 National Environmental Guidelines ...................................................................................... 23
International Treaties and Guidelines .............................................................................. 24
3.4.1 International Treaties ........................................................................................................... 24
3.4.2 Relevant International Guidelines ........................................................................................ 27
International and National Environment & Conservation Organizations ..................... 29
3.5.1 International and National NGOs ......................................................................................... 29
3.5.2 Pakistan Petroleum Exploration and Production Companies Association (PPEPCA) ......... 30
4 Project Description ................................................................................................. 42
The Proposed Project ........................................................................................................ 42
Seismic Operation ............................................................................................................. 43
4.2.1 Line Permitting ..................................................................................................................... 43
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4.2.2 Line Survey and Preparation ............................................................................................... 44
4.2.3 Data Acquisition ................................................................................................................... 44
4.2.4 Camps, Staffing and Supplies ............................................................................................. 46
4.2.5 Access and Transport .......................................................................................................... 46
4.2.6 Restoration and Waste Management .................................................................................. 47
Drilling Operation .............................................................................................................. 47
4.3.1 Proposed Project Activities .................................................................................................. 47
4.3.2 Project Schedule .................................................................................................................. 48
4.3.3 Construction ......................................................................................................................... 48
4.3.4 Rig Mobilization ................................................................................................................... 49
4.3.5 Drilling .................................................................................................................................. 50
4.3.6 Demobilization & Site Restoration ....................................................................................... 53
4.3.7 Produced Water Injection Well ............................................................................................ 53
Flow Line Laying & Tie-in/Wellhead Works ..................................................................... 53
4.4.1 Flow Line Laying Activities ................................................................................................... 53
4.4.2 Development of Surface Facilities ....................................................................................... 59
Hydrocarbon Processing Facility (GPF/CPP) ................................................................. 59
4.5.1 Construction/Establishment of Gas Processing Facility ...................................................... 60
Associated Development Activities ................................................................................. 64
Noise, Wastes and Emissions .......................................................................................... 65
4.7.1 Noise .................................................................................................................................... 65
4.7.2 Wastes and Effluents ........................................................................................................... 65
4.7.3 Emissions ............................................................................................................................ 66
5 Analysis of Alternatives ......................................................................................... 77
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 77
Management Alternatives ................................................................................................. 77
5.2.1 No Project Option ................................................................................................................ 77
5.2.2 Alternative Site Option ......................................................................................................... 79
5.2.3 Timing of the Operation ....................................................................................................... 79
Technological Alternatives ............................................................................................... 79
5.3.1 Seismic Data Acquisition Technologies ............................................................................... 79
5.3.2 Drilling Technique ................................................................................................................ 80
5.3.3 Drilling Mud .......................................................................................................................... 81
5.3.4 Disposal of Drilling Wastes .................................................................................................. 81
5.3.5 Alternative to Flow Lines ...................................................................................................... 82
5.3.6 Gas Processing Facility ....................................................................................................... 82
5.3.7 Water Abstraction ................................................................................................................ 83
6 Background Environment ...................................................................................... 88
Physical Environment ....................................................................................................... 88
6.1.1 Physiography ....................................................................................................................... 88
6.1.2 Geology & Geomorphology ................................................................................................. 89
6.1.3 Stratigraphy ......................................................................................................................... 89
6.1.4 Soils ..................................................................................................................................... 90
6.1.5 Land Capability .................................................................................................................... 90
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6.1.6 Petroleum Play .................................................................................................................... 91
6.1.7 Seismicity ............................................................................................................................. 91
6.1.8 Climate and Meteorology ..................................................................................................... 91
6.1.9 Ambient Noise & Air Quality ................................................................................................ 93
6.1.10 Water Resources ................................................................................................................. 94
Biological Environment ................................................................................................... 114
6.2.1 Data Sources ..................................................................................................................... 114
6.2.2 Protected/Sensitive Areas ................................................................................................. 114
6.2.3 Biological Habitats ............................................................................................................. 115
6.2.4 Baseline Conditions ........................................................................................................... 117
Socioeconomic Environment ......................................................................................... 147
6.3.1 Study Objectives ................................................................................................................ 147
6.3.2 Study Methodology ............................................................................................................ 147
6.3.3 Administrative Boundaries ................................................................................................. 148
6.3.4 Demographic Profile .......................................................................................................... 148
6.3.5 Economy of the Project Area ............................................................................................. 150
6.3.6 Gender Profile .................................................................................................................... 152
6.3.7 Development Needs .......................................................................................................... 153
6.3.8 Archaeological and Religious Sites ................................................................................... 153
7 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigations ............................................ 163
Physical Environment ..................................................................................................... 163
7.1.1 Changes in Landscape & Soil Erosion .............................................................................. 163
7.1.2 Soil and Water Contamination ........................................................................................... 167
7.1.3 Climate and Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................................ 174
7.1.4 Noise Pollution ................................................................................................................... 177
7.1.5 Use of Water ...................................................................................................................... 178
7.1.6 Blockage of Natural Drainage ............................................................................................ 181
7.1.7 Site Restoration ................................................................................................................. 181
Biological Environment ................................................................................................... 183
7.2.1 Clearing of Vegetation & Loss of Habitat ........................................................................... 183
7.2.2 Disturbance to Wildlife ....................................................................................................... 185
Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Environment ....................................... 189
8 Stakeholders Consultation .................................................................................. 194
Objectives of Stakeholders Consultation ...................................................................... 194
Community Consultations .............................................................................................. 195
Community’s Concerns & Reservations ....................................................................... 195
Other Stakeholders .......................................................................................................... 196
8.4.1 Deputy Director, Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, Karachi .................................. 196
8.4.2 Range Forest Officer, Sindh Forest Department, Hyderabad ............................................ 197
8.4.3 Deputy Director, Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, Hyderabad ............................. 198
8.4.4 Technical Officer, Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Hyderabad ...................................... 198
8.4.5 Chief Engineer, Irrigation Department, Hyderabad ............................................................ 199
8.4.6 Institute of Environmental Studies, Karachi University ...................................................... 200
8.4.7 Regional Chair, Commission on Ecosystem Management, IUCN ..................................... 201
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8.4.8 Coordinator Marine Program, Worldwide Fund for Nature, Karachi .................................. 201
8.4.9 Other meetings .................................................................................................................. 202
Key Findings and Issues ................................................................................................. 202
9 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 207
Appendices
Appendix A Environmental Management Plan A-1 Appendix B Environmental Monitoring Checklists B-1 Appendix C Environmental Aspects Register C-1
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List of Tables
Table 2-1: Impact Characteristics Criteria ................................................................................... 13
Table 3-1: SEQS for Municipal and Industrial Effluentsa ............................................................ 31
Table 3-2: SEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissiona ................................................................... 33
Table 3-3: SEQS for Motor Vehicle Exhaust and Noisea............................................................ 35
Table 3-4: Sindh Environmental Quality Standards for Noise ..................................................... 35
Table 3-5: Sindh Standards for Drinking Water Quality .............................................................. 36
Table 3-6: SEQS for Ambient Air ................................................................................................ 38
Table 3-7: API Standard for On-site Burial of E&P Wastes in Unlined Pitsa, b, c ....................... 39
Table 3-8: LSO 29B Criteria for On-site Burial in Unlined Pits .................................................... 40
Table 4-1: Summary of Water Usage during Various O&G Project Activities ............................. 68
Table 4-2: Summary of Approximate Domestic Wastewater and Solid Waste ........................... 69
Table 6-1: Meteorological Data of Hyderabad District, 2009 – 2018 .......................................... 96
Table 6-2: Water Quality within Project Area ............................................................................ 102
Table 6-3: Ambient Noise Levels Monitoring ............................................................................ 103
Table 6-4: List of Vegetation Species found in the Project Area ............................................... 124
Table 6-5: List of Vegetation Species of Riparian Habitat (20 x 20m Quadrate) ...................... 131
Table 6-6: List of Vegetation Species of Riparian Habitat (2 x 2m Quadrate) .......................... 131
Table 6-7: List of Vegetation Species of Marshy/Wetland Habitat (20 x 20m Quadrate) .......... 132
Table 6-8: List of Vegetation Species of Marshy/Wetland Habitat (2 x 2m Quadrate) .............. 132
Table 6-9: List of Vegetation Species of Rocky Calcareous Plain Habitat (20 x 20m Quadrate)133
Table 6-10: List of Vegetation Species of Calcareous Plain Habitat (2 x 2m Quadrate) ........... 134
Table 6-11: Vegetation Species with Medicinal and Economical Use found in the Project Area135
Table 6-12: List of Birds Observed/Reported in the Project Area ............................................. 136
Table 6-13: List of Mammals Observed/Reported in the Project Area ...................................... 141
Table 6-14: List of Reptiles Observed/Reported in the Project Area ........................................ 142
Table 6-15: Households and Population Data of Goths/Villages/Towns ................................... 155
Table 6-16: Tribal Distribution ................................................................................................... 156
Table 6-17: Development Priorities of the Communities of Suveyed Villagees ........................ 157
Table 8-1: List of Stakeholders Consulted during EIA .............................................................. 203
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List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Key Map of Kotri North Block ...................................................................................... 8
Figure 1-2: Project Area Map ........................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3-1: United Energy Pakistan Limited’s HSE Policy .......................................................... 41
Figure 4-1: Anatomy of a Rotary Land Drilling Rig ...................................................................... 70
Figure 5-1: Primary Energy Supplies by Source with ACGR ...................................................... 84
Figure 5-2: Primary Energy Supplies by Source ......................................................................... 84
Figure 5-3: Final Energy Consumption by Source ...................................................................... 85
Figure 5-4: Final Energy Consumption by Sector ....................................................................... 85
Figure 5-5: Natural Gas Production by Type/Province ................................................................ 86
Figure 5-6: Natural Gas Consumption by Sector ........................................................................ 87
Figure 6-1: Graphical Representation of Average Temperatures in Hyderabad, 2009 – 2018 . 106
Figure 6-2: Graphical Representation of Hyderabad Climatic Data, 2009 – 2018 .................... 107
Figure 6-3: Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan ............................................................................ 108
Figure 6-4: Water Resources Map of the Project Area ............................................................. 109
Figure 6-5: Ambient Noise Sampling Locations Map of the Project Area ................................. 110
Figure 6-6: Communities, Infrastructure and Archaeological Resources Map .......................... 158
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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List of Photographs
Photograph 4-1: A view of typical seismic base camp ................................................................ 71
Photograph 4-2: A veiw of seismic support camp ....................................................................... 71
Photograph 4-3: Uphole drilling by vehicle mounted rig.............................................................. 71
Photograph 4-4: Vibroseis moving on a seismic line .................................................................. 71
Photograph 4-5: Drilling of deep hole through buggy in progress ............................................... 71
Photograph 4-6: Jackrob drilling ................................................................................................. 71
Photograph 4-7: Loading of explosives in a shot hole ................................................................ 72
Photograph 4-8: A loaded shot hole ........................................................................................... 72
Photograph 4-9: Seismic base camp parking area ..................................................................... 72
Photograph 4-10: A veiw of explosive magazine ........................................................................ 72
Photograph 4-11: Seismic cable crossing on a road................................................................... 72
Photograph 4-12: Recording truck .............................................................................................. 72
Photograph 4-13: A view of land drilling rig in operation ............................................................. 73
Photograph 4-14: A view of typical drilling rig camp ................................................................... 73
Photograph 4-15: Dozer at work on access track ....................................................................... 73
Photograph 4-16: Gravel leveling with grader on well site .......................................................... 73
Photograph 4-17: Generators at well site.................................................................................... 73
Photograph 4-18: Water storage pit on well site ......................................................................... 73
Photograph 4-19: A view of lined drill cutting pit at well site ....................................................... 74
Photograph 4-20: Properly bunded diesel storage area with loading and unloading pad ........... 74
Photograph 4-21: Properly barricaded food burial pit ................................................................. 74
Photograph 4-22: Construction of septic tank at well site ........................................................... 74
Photograph 4-23: Installation of conductor pipe at well site ........................................................ 74
Photograph 4-24: Installation of BOP in progress ....................................................................... 74
Photograph 4-25: Dozer working on RoW .................................................................................. 75
Photograph 4-26: Offloading of pipes on RoW ........................................................................... 75
Photograph 4-27: Flow line placed along RoW ........................................................................... 75
Photograph 4-28: Clamping of flow line before welding .............................................................. 75
Photograph 4-29: Burial of flow line in trench ............................................................................. 75
Photograph 4-30: Working on flow line at wellhead .................................................................... 75
Photograph 4-31: Typical view of CPP ....................................................................................... 76
Photograph 4-32: Typical styled condensate storage at GPF..................................................... 76
Photograph 4-33: Typical lined evaporation pond....................................................................... 76
Photograph 4-34: Typical pipe yard at GPF ................................................................................ 76
Photograph 6-1: A view of Indus River ..................................................................................... 111
Photograph 6-2: A view of Kotri Barrage .................................................................................. 111
Photograph 6-3: Agriculture field – dominant habitat of the project area .................................. 111
Photograph 6-4: Barani agriculture field ................................................................................... 111
Photograph 6-5: A patch of waste land & fallow land................................................................ 111
Photograph 6-6: Stony plain of the project area ....................................................................... 111
Photograph 6-7: A view Matiari RF ........................................................................................... 112
Photograph 6-8: A view of Salaro Ghotana RF ......................................................................... 112
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Photograph 6-9: Marshy wetland near Goth Suleman Barejo ................................................... 112
Photograph 6-10: A view of Khasino Canal (wah) .................................................................... 112
Photograph 6-11: A view of Pannu wah .................................................................................... 112
Photograph 6-12: Cemented watercourse – Tadri Mori ............................................................ 112
Photograph 6-13: Tube well found in the project area .............................................................. 113
Photograph 6-14: A view of Rajani-7 well site........................................................................... 113
Photograph 6-15: Gas Compression Facility near Rajani-12 well site ...................................... 113
Photograph 6-16: A view of M9 motorway entering into project area ....................................... 113
Photograph 6-17: Salvadora persecia ...................................................................................... 143
Photograph 6-18: Ficus religiosa .............................................................................................. 143
Photograph 6-19: Acacia nilotica .............................................................................................. 143
Photograph 6-20: Bombax ceiba .............................................................................................. 143
Photograph 6-21: Capparis Spinosa ......................................................................................... 143
Photograph 6-22: Cordia myxa ................................................................................................. 143
Photograph 6-23: Cassia holosericeai ...................................................................................... 144
Photograph 6-24: Dalbergia sissoo ........................................................................................... 144
Photograph 6-25: Crested lark .................................................................................................. 144
Photograph 6-26: Egyptian vulture ........................................................................................... 144
Photograph 6-27: Glossy ibis .................................................................................................... 144
Photograph 6-28: Indian robin .................................................................................................. 144
Photograph 6-29: Large cormorant ........................................................................................... 145
Photograph 6-30: Pied bushchat .............................................................................................. 145
Photograph 6-31: Redshank ..................................................................................................... 145
Photograph 6-32: Sindh pied woodpecker ................................................................................ 145
Photograph 6-33: White browed fantail ..................................................................................... 145
Photograph 6-34: Indian desert monitor lizard .......................................................................... 145
Photograph 6-35: Indian garden lizard ...................................................................................... 146
Photograph 6-36: Asiatic jackal ................................................................................................ 146
Photograph 6-37: Botanist during the EIA field survey ............................................................. 146
Photograph 6-38: Wildlife specialist during the EIA field survey ............................................... 146
Photograph 6-39: A view of Goth Sufan Bacho ........................................................................ 159
Photograph 6-40: Primary school of Goth Salaro ..................................................................... 159
Photograph 6-41: Graveyard of Goth Salaro ............................................................................ 159
Photograph 6-42: Graveyard of Goth Sufan Bacho .................................................................. 159
Photograph 6-43: Primary school in Goth Bachal Dehta .......................................................... 159
Photograph 6-44: A view of Shahpur ........................................................................................ 159
Photograph 6-45: Boys’ primary school in Goth Tajpur ............................................................ 160
Photograph 6-46: Girls’ primary school in Goth Tajpur ............................................................. 160
Photograph 6-47: Dargah Wali Muhammad in Goth Tajpur ...................................................... 160
Photograph 6-48: Sindh Agriculture University ......................................................................... 160
Photograph 6-49: Primary school in Goth Tando Syed Khan Mitho ......................................... 160
Photograph 6-50: DHQ Matiari ................................................................................................. 160
Photograph 6-51: Dargah Syed Muhammad Shah Bukhari ...................................................... 161
Photograph 6-52: A view of Goth Bakhshia Mari ...................................................................... 161
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Photograph 6-53: A view of Goth Karim Deno .......................................................................... 161
Photograph 6-54: A view of Goth Jaitharo ................................................................................ 161
Photograph 6-55: Dargah Baba Allah Baksh Jilani ................................................................... 161
Photograph 6-56: A view of Goth Haji Ishaq ............................................................................. 161
Photograph 6-57: A view of Goth Gulshan-e-Shahbaz ............................................................. 162
Photograph 6-58: A view of Goth Wadero Misri ........................................................................ 162
Photograph 6-59: BHU Hyderabad ........................................................................................... 162
Photograph 6-60: High tension electric poles crossing through the project area ...................... 162
Photograph 8-1: Consultation at Goth Sufan Bacho ................................................................. 204
Photograph 8-2: Consultation with Mr. Imran Sabir, Sindh EPA ............................................... 204
Photograph 8-3: Consultation with Representatives of Sindh EPA, Hyderabad ....................... 204
Photograph 8-4: Community consultation at Goth Haji Shabu.................................................. 204
Photograph 8-5: Consultation with locals at Goth Khuda Baksh ............................................... 204
Photograph 8-6: Consultation session with RFO, Hyderabad ................................................... 204
Photograph 8-7: Consultation with Chief Engineer, Irrigation Department, Hyderabad ............ 205
Photograph 8-8: Community consultation at Goth Bachal Dehta.............................................. 205
Photograph 8-9: Consultation at Goth Bakhshia Mari ............................................................... 205
Photograph 8-10: Consultation with Dr. Abdul Manan .............................................................. 205
Photograph 8-11: Consultation session with Prof. Dr. Moazzam Ali Khan ............................... 205
Photograph 8-12: Community consultation at Goth Aliabad ..................................................... 205
Photograph 8-13: Locals are being consulted at Goth Karim Deno .......................................... 206
Photograph 8-14: Consultation session with Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zaheer Khan ..................... 206
Photograph 8-15: Consultation session Mr. Jawad Umer Khan (WWF Pakistan) .................... 206
Photograph 8-16: Community consultation at Goth Jaitharo .................................................... 206
Photograph 8-17: Community consultation at Goth Haji Ishaq ................................................. 206
Photograph 8-18: Consultation with locals at Goth Gulshan-e-Shahbaz .................................. 206
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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List of Acronyms
2D Two Dimensional
3D Three Dimensional
ACGR Annual Compound Growth Rate
BAP Biodiversity Action Plan
BAT Best Available Technology
BATNEEC Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
CC Civil Contractor
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPP Central Processing Plant
DCR District Census Report
DGPC Director General Petroleum Concessions
E.L. Exploration Lease
E&P Exploration and Production
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EWT Extending Well Testing
GCA Gross Command Area
GoP Government of Pakistan
GoS Government of Sindh
GPF Gas Processing Facility
H2S Hydrogen Sulfide
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
HPK Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
HSEO Health, Safety and Environment Officer
IAGC International Association of Geophysical Contractors
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IMC Independent Monitoring Consultant
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LSO Louisiana State Order
MMCFD Million Cubic Feet per Day
MTOE Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent
NCS National Conservation Strategy
NEQS National Environment Quality Standards
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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NGO Non-Government Organization
NOC No Objection Certificate
O&G Oil and Gas
PEPA 97 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997
PIR Project Initiation Report
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
RoW Right of Way
SEQS Sindh Environmental Quality Standards
SFD Sindh Forest Department
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SWD Sindh Wildlife Department
SWPO Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance
TSS Total Suspended Solids
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
UEPL United Energy Pakistan Limited
UTC Universal Time Coordinated
WBM Water Based Mud
WWF Worldwide Fund for Nature
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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List of Units
cusecs cubic feet per second
dB decibels
gph gallons per hour
ha hectares
hr hour
km kilometres
m meter
mg/l milligram per litre
mg/Nm3 milligram per Normal Cubic meter
m3 cubic meter
m2 square meter
mm millimetre
m/s meter/second
°C Degree Celsius
% Percent
ppb parts per billion
ppm parts per million
sq. square
tcf Trillion cubic feet
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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1 Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment
This report presents the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
carried out by Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited for the proposed exploration and
associated development activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) by United
Energy Pakistan Limited (UEPL) which lies within geographical jurisdiction of Sindh
province. A key map showing the location of Kotri North Block is presented as Figure
1‐1. This EIA has been prepared in conformance to the requirements of the Sindh
Environmental Protection Act 2014, the Sindh Initial Environmental Examination and
Environmental Impact Assessment Review Regulations, 2014 and the Pakistan
Environmental Assessment Procedures, 1997.
The EIA report explicitly covers exploration and associated development activities in
the entire spread of Kotri North Block. These activities range from 2D/3D seismic
surveys, drilling of exploration/development wells, laying of flow line/s from
producing wells to the hydrocarbons gathering system/processing facility,
establishment of processing facilities e.g. EWT or CPP, up‐gradation/modification of
existing facilities with associated civil and engineering works e.g. construction of
access track/s, residential camp/s, construction of well site/s etc. and finally
decommissioning and site restorations. Proposed project activities will be commenced
with 2D/3D seismic survey and based upon the aforementioned seismic data
acquisition and its interpretations, UEPL will plan to drill wells at the most certain
perspective locations as part of exploration/development plan. After the successfully
drilling at any proposed well location and in case of discovery, flow line/pipeline will
be laid from each well to the new/existing hydrocarbons gathering and production
system.
The proposed 2D/3D seismic surveys will be carried out in the entire spread of Kotri
North Block (hereafter also referred as the ‘project area’ in the later sections of the
report) however, location of the seismic survey/s is not finalized yet. Similarly, the
exact location of exploratory/development wells and alignment of flow line/s is not
available at this stage either. The exact location of wells will only be made available
after proposed seismic data acquisition and its interpretations by United Energy
Pakistan Limited. Furthermore, depending on the drilling results, alignment of flow
line/s will be finalized. Likewise depending on the need basis, location of
hydrocarbons processing facility will be finalized and executed accordingly. Therefore,
this EIA report is based on the fact that United Energy Pakistan Limited will submit
the Project Initiation Report (PIR) or Activity Initiation Report (AIR) for each planned
activity to Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (for information) prior to the start
of each aforementioned activity in the project area.
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The objective of exploration and associated development activities is to explore for
potential hydrocarbons reserves in the prospective formations identified during
previous Oil & Gas exploration activities in the region particularly in the leased area.
The Project Proponent
United Energy Pakistan Limited, UEP Alpha Limited and UEP Beta GmbH collectively
known as UEP (UEP Alpha and UEP Beta were previously known as OMV Maurice
Energy Limited and OMV (Pakistan) Exploration GmbH) are subsidiaries of United
Energy Group (UEG), an energy company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
UEP is the largest foreign oil & gas exploration and production (E&P) company in
Pakistan, and have been contributing significantly in reducing Pakistan’s dependency
on oil & gas imports through indigenous hydrocarbon production.
UEG’s asset has a rich heritage, starting nearly four decades ago when an American
E&P company, Union Texas Pakistan, initiated operations in Khaskeli, Badin. Since
then, this asset has undergone several changes and a shift in ownership a number of
times. Acquisition of British Petroleum’s assets by UEG was the first venture in
Pakistan and since then UEG has made significant investments in the business,
resulting in rapid growth. UEG’s onshore concessions span across 20,000 square
kilometers and are spread across Sindh and Balochistan provinces.
UEP is conscious of environmental footprint and work diligently to ensure that no
harm is caused to anyone involved in or impacted by their activities. UEP not only
comply with all applicable laws related to Health, Safety and the Environment (HSE)
but also have a set of internal policies in place to minimize the environmental impact
of their operations.
In coordination with the government, communities and non‐governmental
organizations, UEP has invested in sustainable social investment projects in the areas
where operating. CSR interventions have brought a positive impact in the lives of local
communities by enhancing access to technical training, creating opportunities for
sustainable income generation and providing quality education and healthcare
services. UEP has invested in the alternative energy sector. UEG (parent company) has
also invested in a wind energy project located in the Jhimpir wind corridor in the
Sindh province. This project was one of the 14 top priority projects of the China
Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21) & Project Area
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) is located in geographical jurisdiction of Jamshoro,
Matiari and Hyderabad districts of Sindh province with a total area coverage of
approximately 1,397 square kilometers (km2). Out of total covered area of the block
district Jamshoro contributes the major part i.e. 1,133.5 km2 whereas, district Matiari
shares approx. 257 km2 and district Hyderabad contributes about 6.6 km2. Taluka wise
distribution of abovementioned districts is provided in table below:
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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No. District Taluka Area Coverage (km2)
4. Jamshoro Kotri 442
Manjhand 691.5
5. Hyderabad Hyderabad 6.5
6. Matiari
Hala 210
Matiari 4
Saeedabad 43
United Energy Pakistan is operator of the block and holds 50% working interest. Other
joint venture (JV) partners include Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) and Asia
Resources Oil Limited (AROL). PPL and AROL holds 40% and 10% working interest
in the block respectively.
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) encompass several forest protected areas. There are
about 28 reserve forests (all of them are small sized) are falling in the geographical
jurisdiction of the Block (E.L. 2568‐21). These reserve forests includes; Kunar Rishal,
Keti Dallu, Nur Keti, Drabo, Manjhand, Keti Khasai, Unarpur, Rudhapur, Rishal,
Nural Abad, Racho Khanot, Pako Bhanot, Butho, Ranno, Rajri, Salaro Ghotana, Lakha,
Khasai, Ghotana, Murid Rais, Sekhat, Matiari, Miana, Hatri, Muhammad Khan, Bada,
Shah Bukhari and Railo Bada. These reserve forests which were once pristine riverine
forests, now mostly are under cultivation. Location of forest protected areas is also
shown in Figure 1‐2.
The Proposed Project
The entire leased area spreads over approximately 1,397 km2 and lies in Jamshoro,
Matiari and Hyderabad districts of Sindh province. The EIA report explicitly covers
exploration and associated development activities in the entire spread of Kotri North
Block. These activities range from 2D/3D seismic surveys, drilling of exploration/
development wells, laying of flow line/s from producing wells to the existing
hydrocarbons gathering system/processing facility, establishment of processing
facilities e.g. EWT or CPP, up‐gradation/modification of existing facilities with
associated civil and engineering works e.g. construction of access track/s, residential
camp/s, construction of well site/s etc. and finally decommissioning and site
restorations.
Proposed project activities will be commenced with 2D/3D seismic survey and based
upon the aforementioned seismic data acquisition and its interpretations, UEPL will
plan to drill wells as part of exploration/development plan. After the successfully
drilling at proposed well location and in case of discovery, flow line/pipeline will be
laid from each well to the new/existing hydrocarbons gathering and production
system over the period of three years. Detailed proposed project activities will include
but not limited to be are listed below:
Seismic activities (2D and 3D);
Well sites preparation & construction activities;
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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Drilling of exploration, development and water injection wells (no new water
injection well will be drilled only plugged & abandoned (P&A) well will be used
for the purpose);
Surface facilities development at drilled well sites including EWT;
Laying of flow lines from producing wells to CPP/Gathering hub;
Laying of flow lines from CPP/Gathering hub to Point of Delivery (POD);
Development of early production, production and testing facilities which will
include plant construction and operations;
Development of remote facilities;
Up‐gradation/Modification of existing facilities;
Relocation of existing facilities e.g. decommissioning of plant equipment and
relocation to other location within project area;
Construction of access roads & residential camps;
Decommissioning of surface facilities (well sites/plant sites); and
Sites restoration.
The proposed 2D & 3D seismic data acquisition will be carried out using a
combination of vibroseis and dynamite technologies. The objective of the seismic
survey is to explore the subsurface in the area to identify hydrocarbon laden
formations. For seismic survey a base camp with fly camp (if required) will be
established to house the seismic crew followed by seismic activity and finally
restoration of seismic lines and base camp/fly camp upon completion of survey area to
original conditions.
Drilling of each well will start with the construction of the access road, rig camp and
well site for each proposed location. This will be followed by drilling of exploratory or
development well. Each proposed well will be drilled using a conventional land
drilling rig. A specialized waste management system using Hi‐G dryers and
centrifuges will be installed on the land drilling rig for better management and
disposal of drilling wastes. This will also help in reducing the water requirements
during drilling and managing the size of wastes pits at each proposed well location.
Depending on the drilling results (success or failure), abandonment, completion or
suspension of the well and site restoration. Furthermore, in case of discovery of
hydrocarbons at any of the proposed well locations, laying of flow line/pipeline from
wells to the hydrocarbons gathering/processing facilities and tie‐in/wellhead works
will be carried out.
The proposed 2D/3D seismic surveys will be carried out in the entire spread of Kotri
North Block however, location of the seismic survey/s is not finalized yet. Similarly,
the exact location of exploratory/development wells and alignment of flow line/s is not
available at this stage either. The exact location of wells will only be made available
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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after proposed seismic data acquisition and its interpretations by United Energy
Pakistan Limited. Furthermore, depending on the drilling results, alignment of flow
line/s will be finalized. Likewise depending on the need basis, location of
hydrocarbons processing facility will be finalized and executed accordingly. Therefore,
this EIA report is based on the fact that United Energy Pakistan Limited will submit
the Project Initiation Report (PIR) or Activity Initiation Report (AIR) for each planned
activity to Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (for information) prior to the start
of each aforementioned activity in the leased area of Kotri North Block.
Proposed Environmental Approval and Management System
Preparation and approval of environmental assessments that covers more than one
exploration or production activity is not a new precedence, however, the following
needs to be ensured in such assessments:
Sufficient data collection and assessment of impacts to cover all environmental
sensitivities;
A mechanism that would require a site specific short study prior to start of each
activity to incorporate any additional impacts and mitigation measures that were
not addressed in the EIA; and
A mechanism by which Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (Sindh EPA) can
continue to exercise its control over the proponent’s activities and follow up on the
environmental performance of the operations.
United Energy Pakistan Limited and Halcrow Pakistan have been fully cognizant of
the above listed issues and have addressed them in the EIA by undertaking or
proposing the following:
The EIA is based on primary as well as secondary data. Primary data is collected
on all physical, biological and socioeconomic aspects;
Assessment of all generic potentially significant impacts on the physical, biological
and socioeconomic receptors due to proposed project activities has been addressed
in the EIA. Relevant mitigation measures have also been discussed in detail.
However, following methodology shall be adopted to consider the project specific
impacts, since at this conceptual design stage exact locations for project facilities
are not available; and
In order to ensure that Sindh EPA continues to regulate and oversee the
environmental performance of activities within the leased areas, the EIA has
recommended the following environmental approval, monitoring and
management protocol:
o Prior to commence of any proposed project activity as defined in Section 1.4,
United Energy Pakistan Limited will prepare and submit a Project Initiation
Report (PIR) or Activity Initiation Report to the Sindh EPA. The report will be
submitted at least fifteen days prior to initiation of any physical work related to
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that particular activity. The PIR or AIR will provide details on the proposed
activity, site specific information on the physical, biological and socioeconomic
environment, waste management procedures and any environmental issues
and mitigation measures additional to the EIA;
o If required, Sindh EPA can forward any comments that it might have on the
PIR/AIR within fifteen days of the submissions of the PIR/AIR after which the
activity will automatically stand as approved;
o Once any activity is initiated, United Energy Pakistan Limited will undertake
environmental monitoring according to the requirements of the project specific
EMP and any additional requirements specified by the Sindh EPA; and
o United Energy Pakistan Limited will accommodate any visits by Sindh EPA,
Sindh Wildlife Department and Forest Department officials for the purpose of
external audits or on‐site inspections.
EIA Consultants
This EIA study was carried out by Halcrow Pakistan (HPK) comprising of
Environmental Specialists, Social Experts, Wildlife Specialists, Botanist and Water
Resources Expert having sound technical expertise to perform assignments particular
to the oil & gas sector. The details of the project team members appointed on this
study are provided below:
No. Name Expertise
1. Abdul Qayyum Aslam Team Lead – HSE
2. Arslan A. Asghar Environmental Specialist
3. Abdur Razzaq Khan Wildlife Expert
4. Ahmed Salman Qureshi Environmentalist
5. Ghulam Sakina Memon Social/Gender Expert
6. Shakeel Ahmed Botanist
7. Syed Jawad GIS Expert
8. Ahsan Ullah CAD Operator
Reporting
The EIA study has been compiled in a report form. The format of the EIA report
conforms to the guidelines provided in the Pakistan Environmental Assessment
Procedures, 1997.
The EIA report is presented as one volume and describes the proposed project,
environment of the project area, relevant legislations and guidelines, assessment of the
project impacts, recommendations for mitigation measures and environmental
management plan (Appendix A). The photographic records have been provided in the
relevant sections of the EIA report.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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Contact Details
In case of further details or clarifications regarding this EIA please do not hesitate to
contact the Proponent or the Consultant at the addresses provided below:
Proponent Consultant
Amjad Shaikh
Senior HSE Manager
United Energy Pakistan Limited
1st Floor, Bahria Complex‐1,
24 M.T. Khan Road
Karachi
Pakistan
Tel : +92 21 3561 1194
Fax: +92 21 3561 0634
Abdul Qayyum Aslam
Team Lead – HSE
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited
3rd Floor, Nawa‐e‐Waqt House,
Mauve Area
Sector G‐7/1
Islamabad
Tel: +92 51 220 3451‐55
Fax: +92 51 220 3462
Lat :25° 27' 32.436" NLong:68° 36' 29.484" E
Lat :25° 41' 38.688" NLong:68° 33' 20.196" EKotri
Hala
Thatta
Matiari
Hyderabad
Latifabad
Qasimabad
Tando Adam
Jamshoro
Matiari
Thatta
Hyderabad
Sanghar
68°32'0"E
68°32'0"E
68°24'0"E
68°24'0"E
68°16'0"E
68°16'0"E
68°8'0"E
68°8'0"E
68°0'0"E
68°0'0"E26
°0'0
"N
26°0
'0"N
25°5
2'0
"N
25°5
2'0
"N
25°4
4'0
"N
25°4
4'0
"N
25°3
6'0
"N
25°3
6'0
"N
25°2
8'0
"N
25°2
8'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
LegendBlock Boundary Reserve Forest (SOP) Tehsil Boundaries
District Boundaries
·0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Km
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) LimitedUnited Energy
Pakistan
Fig 1-1: Key Map of Kotri North Block
Project:EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21)
h
h
h
h
h
Goth Rais Ghulam Ali Mari
Goth Tando Syed Khan Mitho
Graveyard / Shrine
Sindh Agriculture University
Graveyard
Graveyard
Goth Akro
Graveyard
Graveyard
Graveyard
Goth Tajpur
Goth Salaro
Goth Jaitharo
Goth Aliabad
Goth Haji Ishaq
Goth Karim Deno
Goth Tadri Mori
Goth Haji Shabu
Goth Khuda baksh
Goth Sufan Bacho
Goth Hayat Bhatti
Goth Bachal Dehta
Goth Bakhshia Marri
Goth Suleman Barejo
Graveyard on Highway
Goth Bego Khan Mirjat
Goth Sayen Dino Malah
Goth Mehram Khazkheli
Goth Gulshan e Shahbaz
Goth Darya Baig Mughal
Dargah Dado Khamiso Fakir
Shrine Baba Allah Bakhsh Jilani
Dargah Syed Muhammad Shah Bukhari
Goth Wadero Misri
Kotri
Hala
Matiari
Hyderabad
Thatta Latifabad
Tando Adam
Qasimabad
Tando Allahyar
Jamshoro
Matiari
HyderabadThatta
Sanghar
68°30'0"E
68°30'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°10'0"E
68°10'0"E26
°0'0
"N
26°0
'0"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
·0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Km
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited
Fig 1-2: Project Area MapProject:EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21)
LegendBlockBoundary/ProjectArea
!C Existing Well Site
×[
Gas CompressionFacility
"" Community
×k Graveyard
!a Power Plant
Shrine
¥B¢ University
hWater SamplingLocation
Nationla HighwayReserve Forest(SOP)
Tehsil BoundariesDistrictBoundaries United Energy
Pakistan
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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2 EIA Scope and Methodology
2.1.1 Scope of the EIA
This EIA investigates the impacts likely to arise from the proposed exploration and
associated development activities by United Energy Pakistan Limited (UEPL) which
predominantly covers 2D/3D seismic surveys, drilling of exploration/development
wells, laying of flow line/s from producing wells to the existing hydrocarbons
gathering system/processing facility, establishment of surface facilities e.g. EWT or
CPP, up‐gradation/modification of existing facilities with associated civil and
engineering works e.g. construction of access track/s, residential camp/s, construction
of well site/s etc. and finally decommissioning and site restorations.
These activities have been further discussed in detail in Chapter 4 of this report. Any
exploration or production activity carried out by UEPL, other than those specified in
this report will be the subject of a separate Environmental Assessment (EIA/IEE) study
of the area.
The EIA Team
The EIA has been prepared by a team of environmental specialists, wildlife specialists,
botanist and sociologist/gender specialist. Relevant departments/stakeholders were
also consulted during the EIA process. Project specific details and particulars were
provided to HPK by United Energy Pakistan Limited.
The EIA Methodology
The various steps undertaken in the EIA preparation are summarized below:
2.3.1 Understanding of the Proposed Project and Review of Alternatives
Details of the proposed project activities were collected from United Energy Pakistan
Limited and understood by the EIA Consultant. All alternatives to the proposed
operations were reviewed including; no project option, alternative site selection,
timing and alternative technologies to establish the context that proposed operations
will not depreciate the environmental quality/soundness of the project area. Details of
the proposed project and a review of alternatives have been provided in Chapter 4
and Chapter 5 respectively of this EIA.
2.3.2 Review of Policies, Legislation and Guidelines
National & provincial legislations, international agreements, environmental
guidelines, best industry practices and UEPL’s environmental policy were reviewed to
set environmental standards that UEPL would be required to adhere to during the
project. A synopsis of these is provided in Chapter 3 of the EIA.
2.3.3 Secondary Data Collection
Previous environmental assessments for exploration and development projects in the
area and other published and un‐published information was collected in order to
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 11 HPK
gain a complete understanding of existing environmental conditions in the area
including the following:
Physical environment – topography, geology, geomorphology, soils, surface &
groundwater resources and climate;
Biological environment – habitat types, flora and fauna (particularly rare or
endangered species), critical habitats and vegetation communities particularly
within the forest protected areas;
Socioeconomic environment – settlements, socioeconomic conditions,
infrastructure and land use; and
Heritage aspects – sites of cultural, archaeological or historical significance.
2.3.4 Field Data Collection
The EIA field team including environmentalist, wildlife specialist, botanist and
sociologist/gender expert visited the Block (E.L. 2568‐21) in August, 2019. During the
site visit primary information on the physical, biological and socioeconomic
environment of the project area was gathered. Discussions were also held with the
members of community in the project area as well as in closer vicinities to collect
primary information about the project area and their view and concerns regarding the
proposed project activities.
A description of baseline physical, biological and socioeconomic conditions of the
project area, impacts due to proposed project activities and their mitigation
measures are provided in Chapters 6 and Chapter 7 of the EIA report
respectively.
The project area for EIA contains four major habitats i.e. Agriculture Fields, Farmlands
& Human Settlements; Indus River/Irrigation Network and Associated Marshes;
Wastelands & Fallow Lands; and Hilly, Stony and Sandy Plains. All sampling
locations were randomly selected, ensuring that sufficient locations are sampled for
each identified habitat.
2.3.5 Community/Public Consultation
Local residents of Kotri North Block were also consulted to promote better
understanding of the proposed exploration and development activities through
explaining its objectives and its potential positive and negative impacts during the
fieldwork of EIA. Locals seemed positive and optimistic about the proposed project
activities. The biggest aspiration of locals is getting only one thing i.e. employment.
Land related issues were also highlighted during the consultation process. The
outcomes of the consultation are detailed in Chapter 8 of the EIA report.
2.3.6 Impact Identification and Assessment
Potential impacts arising from each phase of the proposed project activity were
identified. These include effects of the proposed project activities on the physical,
biological, socioeconomic, archaeological and cultural environments of the area. These
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 12 HPK
are detailed in Chapter 7 of the EIA. Impacts were identified and assessed on the basis
of field data, secondary data, experts’ opinion and monitoring results of previous oil
and gas exploration projects in Pakistan, particularly in Sindh region.
2.3.7 Recommendations for Mitigation & Monitoring Measures
Mitigation measures to prevent or minimize all potential adverse environmental
impacts of the project were identified based on a range of options including
management and monitoring practices, alternative technologies and physical controls.
The proposed mitigation measures are based on an appreciation of the sensitivity and
behavior of environmental receptors within the project area, past experience, case
studies, legislative controls, environmental guidelines and experts’ advices.
Monitoring measures have been recommended for residual impacts (impacts
remaining after applying the recommended mitigation measures) or for impacts that
cannot be accurately predicted at the EIA stage. In such cases advice on requisite
monitoring measures was sought from experts involved in the EIA and case studies of
similar monitoring exercises carried out in wildlife or forest protected areas elsewhere.
The impacts identified were characterised following the criteria provided in Table 2‐1.
2.3.8 Development of Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed project activities has
been prepared and provided in Appendix A of this EIA report. The EMP provides a
framework for implementing and managing the mitigation and monitoring measures
recommended in the EIA. The EMP includes the following:
A mitigation and monitoring plan;
Definition of roles and responsibilities of the proponent, project contractors and
monitoring teams;
Requirements for communication, documentation and trainings during the
proposed exploration and associated development project;
Restrictions on design, timing and conduct of the project; and
Change Management Plan to cover unforeseen events/environmental conditions
during the entire course of the project.
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Table 2‐1: Impact Characteristics Criteria
Impact Characteristics Categories
Duration of the impact Short term – lasting only till the duration of the project such as
noise from the drilling or seismic operations.
Medium term – lasting for a period of few months to a year after
the project before naturally reverting to the original condition such
as loss of vegetation due to clearing of well site, contamination of
soil or water by fuels or oil.
Long term – lasting for a period much greater than medium term
impacts before naturally reverting to the original condition such as
loss of soil due to soil erosion.
Geographical location of
the impact
Local – within the area of project i.e. well site, campsite and access
road etc.
Regional – within the boundaries of the project area.
National – within the boundaries of the country.
Likelihood of the impact Qualitatively measured on a scale of:
Almost certain
Likely
Possible
Unlikely
Rare
Reversibility of the impact Defined as:
Reversible – when a receptor resumes its pre‐project condition.
Irreversible – when a receptor does not or cannot resume its pre‐
project condition.
Consequence severity of
impact
Rated as:
Major – when an activity causes irreversible damage to a unique
environmental feature; effects entire population or species of flora
or fauna in sufficient magnitude so as to cause a decline in species
abundance or change in distribution over more than one
generation; has long term effects (period of years) on socio‐cultural
or economic activities of regional significance.
Moderate – when an activity causes long term (period of years)
reversible damage to a unique environmental feature; effects a
portion of a population of flora or fauna causing reversible damage
or change in abundance or distribution over one generation; has
short term effects (period of months) on socio‐cultural or economic
activities of regional significance.
Minor – when an activity causes short term (period of few months)
reversible damage to an environmental feature; slight reversible
damage to a few species of flora or fauna within a population over
a short period of time; has short term (period of months) effects on
socio‐cultural or economic activities of local significance.
Negligible – when no measurable damage to physical,
socioeconomic or biological environment above the existing level of
impacts occurs.
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Impact Characteristics Categories
Significance of the impact Categorized as:
High
Medium
Low
Based on the consequence, likelihood, reversibility, geographical
extent, duration, level of public concern and conformance with
legislative or statutory requirements.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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3 Legal Framework
Introduction
This chapter provides a synopsis of local land environmental laws, policies,
legislations and guidelines that may have relevance to the proposed exploration and
associated development project within Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21). These include:
United Energy Pakistan Limited’s corporate policy on Health, Safety and
Environment (HSE);
National and provincial environmental policies, acts, legislations and guidelines;
and
International conventions and guidelines.
UEPL will be required to adhere to the relevant requirements of the acts, policies,
legislations and recommendations of the guidelines during the proposed exploration
and associated development activities, which have also been incorporated in the
mitigation measures and the EMP provided in the EIA.
United Energy Pakistan Limited’s Corporate HSE Policy
United Energy Pakistan Limited has a corporate HSE Policy in place. Under this policy
UEPL is committed to make all workplaces and processes safe and secure for UEPL
and its stakeholders, environment with continuous improvement, actively strive to
minimize impacts on environment, participate in climate protection measures and
support alternative energy resources. Moreover, UEPL constantly strives to drive
down the environmental impacts through responsible use of natural resources and
reduction of waste, emissions and discharges.
The Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) Policy has been attached at the end of
this chapter as Figure 3‐1.
National Environmental Policy, Legislation and Guidelines
The enactment of comprehensive legislation on the environment, covering multiple
areas of concern is a relatively new and ongoing phenomenon in Pakistan. Whereas, a
basic policy and legislative framework for the protection of the environment and
overall biodiversity in the country is now in place, detailed rules, regulations and
guidelines required for the implementation of the policies and enforcement of
legislations are still in various stages of formulation and discussion. The following
section presents a brief overview of the existing national policies, legislations and
guidelines.
3.3.1 National Environmental Policy, 2005
The National Environmental Policy (NEP) is the primary policy of Government of
Pakistan that addresses the environmental issues of the country. The broad goal of
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NEP is, “to protect, conserve and restore Pakistan’s environment in order to improve
the quality of life of the citizens through sustainable development”. The NEP identifies
the following set of sectoral and cross‐sectoral guidelines to achieve its goal of
sustainable development.
a. Sectoral Guidelines
Water and sanitation, air quality and noise, waste management, forestry, biodiversity
and protected areas, climate change and ozone depletion, energy efficiency and
renewable, agriculture and livestock, and multilateral environmental agreements.
b. Cross‐sectoral Guidelines
Poverty, population, gender, health, trade and environment, environment and local
governance, and natural disaster management.
The NEP suggests the following policy instruments to overcome the environmental
problems throughout the country:
Integration of environment into development planning;
Legislation and regulatory framework;
Capacity development;
Economic and market based instrument;
Public awareness and education; and
Public private civil society partnership.
NEP is a policy document and does not apply to proposed exploration or associated
development project. However, UEPL shall ensure that the project activities should
not add to the aggravation of the environmental issues identified in NEP and
mitigation measures shall be adopted to minimize or avoid any contribution of the
project impacts in these areas.
3.3.2 National Conservation Strategy, 1992
Before the approval of National Environmental Policy (NEP), the National
Conservation Strategy (NCS) was considered as the Government’s primary policy
document on national environmental issues. At the moment this strategy just exists as
a national conservation program. The NCS identifies 14 core areas including
conservation of biodiversity, pollution prevention and abatement, soil and water
conservation, preservation of cultural heritage and recommends immediate attention
to these core areas in order to preserve the country’s environment.
NCS does not directly apply to oil and gas E&P projects. However, UEPL shall ensure
that proposed project should not add to the aggravation of the 14 core environmental
issues identified in the NCS and mitigation measures shall be adopted to minimize or
avoid any contribution of the project impacts in these areas.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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3.3.3 The Biodiversity Action Plan, 2000
The Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), which was designed to complement the NCS and
the provincial conservation strategies, identifies the causes of biodiversity loss in
Pakistan and suggests a series of proposals for action to conserve biodiversity in the
country.
The BAP recognizes that an environmental assessment is used as a tool at a project
level to identify environmental effects of a proposed project activities and to plan for
reducing adverse effects. The BAP further stipulates that an environmental assessment
needs to be initiated at an early stage of project development and that public
participation in the review of potential effects is important.
3.3.4 Provincial & National Environmental Legislations
a. Sindh Environmental Protection Act, 2014
After passage of 18th amendment by the parliament in April 2010, Government of
Sindh has enacted its own environmental law. The Sindh Environmental Protection
Bill, 2014 having been passed by the Provincial Assembly of Sindh on 24th February,
2014 and assented to by the Governor of Sindh on 19th March, 2014 as an Act of
Legislature of Sindh.
According to Part‐VI, Environmental Examinations and Assessments; no proponent of a
project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the Agency
an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) and has obtained from the Agency approval in respect thereof. This EIA is being
submitted by United Energy Pakistan Limited to Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency to fulfil the requirements of the Act.
b. Sindh Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2014
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 37 of the Sindh Environmental
Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, with the approval
of Government, issued the following regulations, namely ‘Review of Initial
Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014’
which came into force at once.
Under these regulations a new provision for submittal of ‘Environmental Checklist’
was also introduced in addition to IEEs and EIAs. A proponent of a project falling in
any category listed in Schedule‐III of these Regulations shall file ‘Environmental
Checklist’ with the Agency and the provisions of Section 17 shall apply to such
projects.
Other important features of the Sindh EPA IEE‐EIA Regulations, 2014 relevant to the
proposed project activities are listed below:
A fee is payable to the Sindh EPA for review of the EIA;
The EIA submittal is to be accompanied by an application in the format prescribed
in Schedule V of the Sindh EPA IEE‐EIA Regulations, 2014;
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The Sindh EPA is bound to conduct a preliminary scrutiny and reply within 15
days of the submittal of the report; a) confirming completeness, or b) asking for
additional information, if needed, or c) returning the report requiring additional
studies, if necessary;
The Sindh EPA is required to make every effort to complete the EIA review
process within 4 months (120 days) of the issue of confirmation of completeness
under Regulation 9; and
If Sindh EPA accords approval, it will be valid for three years from the date of
accord.
This EIA falls under Regulation‐4 of these Regulation i.e. Projects requiring an EIA,
Schedule‐II, Category‐J ‘Environmentally Sensitive Areas’.
c. Sindh Environmental Quality Standards, 2016
In exercise of the powers conferred under Clause (g) of Sub‐section (1) of Section 6,
Sindh Environmental Protection Act 2014, the Sindh EPA, with the approval of the
Sindh Environmental Protection Council, has established the environmental
standards for Industrial wastewater, Effluents, Domestic sewage, Industrial air
emissions and ambient airs, Noise for vehicles and Drinking water quality standards,
2015. These standards came into force on 28th January, 2016 and are provided in Table
3‐1 to Table 3‐6.
UEPL will be required to comply with all applicable standards as prescribed in the law
and report to Sindh Environmental Protection Agency as per their requirements or
bindings.
d. Self‐Monitoring and Reporting Rules, 2014
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 36 of the Sindh Environmental
Protection Act, 2014, Sindh Environmental Protection Agency with the approval of
Government of Sindh has established the rules which are called ‘Sindh Environmental
Quality Standards (Self‐Monitoring and Reporting by Industry) Rules, 2014’ which came
into force at once.
As per rules set by this system, provincial industries have to monitor effluents and
emissions in compliance with the SEQS and report it to Provincial EPA. This system
classifies industry into three categories A, B and C each corresponding to a specified
reporting frequency. Proposed exploration and associated development activities in
Kotri North Block lies under ‘Category A & B’ for both liquid effluent and gaseous
emissions (priority parameters provided in Table A & B of Schedule‐IV of these Rules,
2014) and thus shall submit Environmental Monitoring Reports to Sindh EPA on
monthly and quarterly basis as per categories defined in the Rules e.g. for oil & gas
production, priority parameters need to be submitted to the Sindh EPA on monthly
basis.
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e. The Sindh Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2017
The Sindh Occupational Safety and Health Bill, 2017 having been passed by the
Provincial Assembly of Sindh on 17th November, 2017 and assented to by the Governor
of Sindh on 26th December, 2017 as an Act of the Legislature of Sindh which came into
force at once.
The Sindh Occupational Safety and Health Act 2017, Sindh Act No. I of 2018 is an act
to make provision for occupational safety and health conditions at all workplaces for
the protection of persons at work against risk of injury arising out of the activities at
work places and for the promotion of safe, healthy and decent working environment
adapted to the physical, physiological and psychological needs of all persons at work.
After enforcement of this Act, United Energy Pakistan Limited and all proposed
project execution contractors will be bound to abide all provisions defined in the act.
f. Hazardous Substances Rules, 2014
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 36 of the Sindh Environmental
Protection Act, 2014, the Sindh EPA, with the approval of the Sindh Government
announced comprehensive rules in 2014, namely ‘Hazardous Substances Rules, 2014’
which came into force at once.
As per Hazardous Substances Rules, 2014, United Energy Pakistan Limited is bound to
obtain a license from Sindh EPA for transportation, usage, handling, storage and
disposal of hazardous substances as prescribed in Sub‐clause (b) of Clause (xxv) of
Section 2, Schedule‐I of Hazardous Substances Rules, 2014 in exploration & production
operations being carried out by the Company.
g. Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972 and Amendments, 2001
This ordinance provides for the preservation, protection and conservation of wildlife
by the formation and management of protected areas and prohibition of hunting of
wildlife species declared protected, under this Ordinance.
The ordinance also specifies three broad classifications of the protected areas i.e.
national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves. Activities such as hunting and
breaking of land for mining are prohibited in national parks, as are removing
vegetation or polluting water flowing through the park. Wildlife sanctuaries are areas
that have been set aside as undisturbed breeding grounds and cultivation and grazing
is prohibited in the demarcated areas. Nobody is allowed to reside in a wildlife
sanctuary and entrance for the general public is by special dispensation. However,
these restrictions may be relaxed for scientific purpose or betterment of the respective
area on the discretion of the governing authority in exceptional circumstances. Game
reserves are designated as areas where hunting or shooting is not allowed except
under special permits.
Two amendments to the Ordinance were issued in January and June, 2001 respectively
pertaining to oil and gas activities within national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. The
first amendment allowed the Government to authorise the laying of an underground
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pipeline through protected areas. The second amendment allowed exploration and
production activities within national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
As the planned project activities will be carried out far away from wildlife protected
areas therefore, the project will not contravene with any provisions of the Act.
However, UEPL shall ensure that the mitigation measures suggested in the EIA are
being adhered with to preserve, protect and conserve the existing wildlife of the area.
h. Sindh Irrigation Act, 1987 with Amendments in 2011
The Sindh Irrigation Act (1987) is the main enactment relating to irrigation in the
province of Sindh, under this Act the entire task of irrigation has been entrusted to the
Provincial Government, Canal Officers, the Revenue Department and Judicial Officers.
The main features of the Act are as under:
Important policy aspects of Irrigation, like the appointment of the Canal Officers,
acquisition of water for public use, payment of compensation, water rates,
drainage schemes, canal crossing and framing the rules, have been entrusted to the
Provincial Government;
Operational functions are entrusted to the Canal Officers but the Act does not
specify which Canal Officers are empowered to act under any of its provisions.
Therefore, a Canal Officer must by duly authorized by the Provincial Government
to act under any provision of the Act;
The Revenue Administration helps the Irrigation Department to acquire land,
determine compensation and collect water dues. Moreover, the Commissioner and
Collector have substantial power to settle disputes among irrigators and can
decide appeals against the decisions of the Canal Officers. Thus, the Canal Officers
are substantially subservient to the Revenue Department; and
The offences under the Act can be tried before the Magistrate.
The canals and associated irrigation network exists in the project area and provisions
of this acts applies to certain activities like water abstraction by project contractors etc.
There is no project activity planned near the canal and associated network which
could directly cause physical damage to the canal or alteration in water quality. Any
abstraction of water from the canal shall be only done after getting formal approval
from the concerned Irrigation Department.
i. The Forest Act, 1927
This act is applicable to all regions of Pakistan. It includes procedures for constituting
and managing various types of forests, such as reserved forests and protected forests.
The act empowers the provincial forest departments to declare any forest area as
reserved or protected and also prohibit the breaking up or clearing of forest for
cultivation, grazing, hunting, removing forest produce, quarrying and felling, lopping
and topping of trees’ branches in reserved and protected forests.
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It also defines the duties and roles of forest related public servants and penalties for
any infringement of the rules. As per information collected from secondary sources,
SOP maps and from consultation with Sindh Forest Department, the project area is
also located within the forest plantation or on forest land therefore provisions of this
act applies to all project activities. Thus, United Energy Pakistan Limited shall ensure
that all mitigation measures suggested in this EIA are being adhered with to protect
the natural vegetation cover of the area and to avoid habitat loss and degradation of
biodiversity.
j. Antiquities Act, 1975
The protection of cultural resources in Pakistan is ensured by the Antiquities Act of
1975. Antiquities have been defined in the Act as ancient products of human activity,
historical sites, or sites of anthropological or cultural interest, national monuments etc.
The act is designed to protect antiquities from destruction, theft, negligence, unlawful
excavation, trade and export. The law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a
protected antiquity and empowers the Government of Pakistan to prohibit excavation
in any area which may contain articles of archaeological significance. Under the Act,
the project proponent is obligated to:
Ensure that no activity is undertaken in the proximity of a protected antiquity, and
If during the course of the project an archaeological discovery is made, it shall be
reported to the Department of Archaeology, Government of Pakistan.
No surface archaeological sites (protected) were identified in the project area during
the fieldwork for EIA however, there is a possibility of existence of sites with historical
significance within the leased area due to its location therefore, UEPL shall ensure that
all proposed mitigation measures suggested in EIA shall be adhered with during the
execution of the proposed exploration and development project to protect the
archaeological, heritage and cultural environment of the area. As per authentication
measure, SOP maps and secondary data were also consulted for verification purposes
and no protected archaeological site falls within jurisdiction of Kotri North Block.
k. Legislation on Oil & Gas Exploration and Production
The various regulations related to oil & gas exploration and production include:
The Mines Act, 1923
The Regulation of Mines and Oilfields and Mineral Development (Government
Control) Act, 1948
The Pakistan Petroleum (Production) Rules, 1949
The Oil and Gas (Safety in Drilling and Production) Regulations, 1974
The Pakistan Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Rules, 1986
The Model Petroleum Concessions Agreement, 1994
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The Regulation of Mines and Oilfields and Mineral Development (Government
Control) Act, 1948 and the Pakistan Petroleum (Production) Rules, 1949 and Pakistan
Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Rules, 1986 empowers the Ministry of
Petroleum to oversee the petroleum exploration, development and production
operations. The 1986 Exploration and Production Rules address environmental
concerns and require operators to “prevent pollution, avoid accumulation of trash and
prevent damage to the environment and surroundings”.
As for safety, the Model Petroleum Concession Agreement (July, 1994) implementing
the 1986 Exploration and Production Rules, specifically requires observance of the
1974 Safety Regulations. The penalties imposed in the 1986 Exploration and
Production Rules allow the Director General Petroleum Concessions (DGPC) to revoke
a license if the Rules are not satisfied by the operator. The Mines and Oil Fields Act
also specifies penalties including imposition of fines and/or imprisonment.
The 1923 Mines Act through the Oil and Gas (Safety in Drilling and Production)
Regulations, 1974 controls the full range of safety issues in exploration and production
from seismic operations to construction, drilling and production.
The 1974 Safety Regulations requires operators to send to the Chief Inspector of Mines,
Ministry of Labour and Manpower information on safety issues including provisions
of protective equipment and identification of safety personnel and emergency
measures, designation of safety personnel including a Welfare and Safety Officer and
accident reporting.
l. The Explosive Act, 1884 and Explosive Rules, 2010
This Act and Rules provide regulations for the handling, transportation and use of
explosives during quarrying, blasting and other purposes. The proposed seismic
surveys will be performed using combination of dynamite and vibroseis therefore,
strict compliance to the provisions/guidelines should be ensured while using the
explosives. However, subsequent drilling of wells and other associated development
activities e.g. construction of well site or campsite sometimes needs blasting at
rocky/mountainous areas. Same rule applies on the construction/establishment of
processing facilities or necessary surface support facilities e.g. EWT etc. It is pertinent
to mention that for the purpose, no such blasting is envisaged. If unavoidable the
activity should be performed in such a manner that no contravention with any
provisions of the Act or Rules is occurred.
m. Pakistan Penal Code, 1860
The Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 authorizes fines, imprisonment or both for voluntary
corruption or fouling of public springs or reservoirs so as to make them less fit for
ordinary use.
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3.3.5 National Environmental Guidelines
a. The Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures, 1997
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA) prepared the Pakistan
Environmental Assessment Procedures in 1997. The guidelines pertaining to the
review process of EIAs and IEEs was given regulatory status in the Review of IEE and
EIA Regulations, 2000. They are based on much of the existing work done by
international donor agencies and Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The
package of regulations prepared by Pak EPA includes:
Policy and procedures for filing, review and approval of environmental
assessments;
Guidelines for the preparation and review of environmental reports;
Guidelines for public consultation;
Guidelines for sensitive and critical areas; and
Sectoral guidelines – O&G exploration and production.
The guidelines on policy and procedures define the policy context and the
administrative procedures that will govern the environmental assessment process,
from the project pre‐feasibility stage, to the approval of the environmental report.
According to the procedures laid out in the policy guidelines, IEEs or EIAs are to be
filed with the Provincial EPA where the project is to be implemented. The Federal EPA
has, however, been given the right to review any environmental report at any time and
the power to revoke the decision of the Provincial EPA, if it deems this to be necessary.
Projects have been classified in the policy guidelines by expected degree of adverse
environmental impacts. All projects proposed in environmentally sensitive areas
(including Game Reserves and Wildlife Sanctuaries) require an EIA.
The procedures require proponents to prepare terms of reference for the
environmental assessment reports. They require that all environmental assessment
studies shall contain baseline data on the area and must contain a detailed assessment
of the potential environmental impacts and the recommended mitigation measures.
Consultations with the communities that are most likely to be affected as well as
relevant NGOs are to be an integral part of the environmental impact assessment
process.
The guidelines on public consultation deals with possible approaches to public
consultation and techniques for designing an effective program of consultation that
reaches out to all major stakeholders and ensures the incorporation of their concerns in
any impact assessment study. The guidelines on sensitive areas are more specific in
that they identify the officially notified protected areas in Pakistan, including critical
ecosystems and archaeological sites.
Lastly, there are guidelines for oil & gas exploration and production operations. The
guidelines state that onshore exploration activities can be carried out without having
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to submit either an IEE or an EIA. This is subject to the project proponent’s adherence
to the provisions of the guidelines and provided that such exploration is not taking
place within or adjacent to a sensitive or critical area/s. Possible adverse impacts that
may arise in due to proposed project activities include damage to flora and fauna and
to crops and livestock as well as the production of waste. Project proponents are
required to take measures to mitigate such effects.
b. Guidelines for Operational Safety, Health and Environmental Management,
December, 1996
These guidelines are the outcome of a study commissioned by the Directorate General
Petroleum Concessions (DGPC), Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources,
Government of Pakistan. The guidelines list down the relevant laws related to the
operational/occupational health, safety and environment and also recommends
environmental controls and management practices to be adopted in O&G exploration
and production projects.
International Treaties and Guidelines
3.4.1 International Treaties
Pakistan is a signatory to various international treaties and conventions on the
conservation of the environment and wildlife protection. The country is thus obliged
to adhere to the commitments specified in these treaties. A brief of these prime treaties
is provided hereunder.
a. The Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992
The Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted during the Earth Summit of 1992
at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Convention requires parties to develop national plans for
the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and to integrate these plans into
national development programs and policies. Parties are also required to identify
components of biodiversity that are important for conservation, and to develop
systems to monitor the use of such components with a view to promoting their
sustainable use. Moreover, in accordance with the Article 26 of the convention, parties
are also required to prepare national reports on the status of implementation of the
convention.
b. The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 1979
(Bonn Convention)
The Convention requires countries to take action to avoid endangering migratory
species. The term ʺmigratory speciesʺ refers to the species of wild animals, a significant
proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national
jurisdictional boundaries. The parties are also required to promote or cooperate with
other countries in matters of research on migratory species.
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The Convention contains two appendices. Appendix I contain the list of migratory
species that are endangered according to the best scientific evidence available. For
these species, the member states to the Convention are required endeavour to:
Conserve and restore their habitats;
Prohibit their hunting, fishing, capturing, harassing and deliberate killing;
Remove obstacles and minimize activities that seriously hinder their migration;
and
Control other factors that might endanger them, including control of introduced
exotic species.
Appendix II lists the migratory species, or groups of species, that have an
unfavourable conservation status as well as those that would benefit significantly from
the international cooperation that could be achieved through intergovernmental
agreements. See Table 6‐12, Table 6‐13, and Table 6‐14 for list of recorded wildlife
species covered under this convention.
c. The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Ramsar, 1971
Pakistan is a signatory to the said Convention. The principal obligations of contracting
parties to the Convention are:
To designate wetlands for the List of Wetlands of International Importance;
To formulate and implement planning so as to promote wise use of wetlands, to
make EIA before transformations of wetlands, and to make national wetland
inventories;
To establish nature reserves on wetlands and provide adequately for their
wardening and through management to increase waterfowl populations on
appropriate wetlands;
To train personnel competent in wetland research, management and wardening;
To promote conservation of wetlands by combining far‐sighted national policies
with coordinated international action, to consult with other contracting parties
about implementing obligations arising from the Convention, especially about
shared wetlands and water system;
To promote wetland conservation concerns with development aid agencies; and
To encourage research and exchange of data.
So far 19 sites in Pakistan have been declared as wetlands of International Importance
or Ramsar Sites but none of these lies within or in the close proximity of the Kotri
North Block. The nearest Ramsar site is Keenjhar which is also known Kalri Lake at an
approx. distance of 33 km in southern direction. Kalri is one the largest freshwater
lakes in Pakistan. It has length of about 24 km, width 6 km and capacity of 0.53 million
acre feet. It is located at a distance of about 122 km east from Karachi and 19 km north‐
east of Thatta town. Indus provides Keenjhar, the required water through Kalri Baghar
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(KB) Feeder. KB Feeder starts from Kotri Barrage. Since, the area is arid and receives
less than 200 mm annual rainfall, hence Indus is the only source of water for this lake.
d. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES)
This Convention came into effect on 3rd March, 1973 in Washington. In all, 130
countries are signatory to this convention with Pakistan signed the convention in 1976.
The convention requires the signatories to impose strict regulation (including
penalization, confiscation of the specimen etc.) regarding trade of all species
threatened with extinction or that may become so, in order not to endanger further
their survival.
The Convention contains three appendices. Appendix I includes all species threatened
with extinction which are or may be affected by trade. The Convention requires that
trade in these species should be subject to strict regulation. Appendix II includes
species that are not necessarily threatened presently but may become so unless trade
in specimens of these species is subject to strict regulation. Appendix III includes
species which any contracting party identifies as subject to regulations in trade and
requires other parties to cooperate in this matter. See Table 6‐12, Table 6‐13 and Table
6‐14 for list of recorded wildlife species covered under CITES appendices.
e. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
Red List
The Red List is published by IUCN and includes those species that are under potential
threat of extinction. These species have been categorized as:
Endangered – Species that are seen to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the
wild in the near future, reduction of 50% or more either in the last 10 years or over
the last three generations, survive only in small numbers, or have very small
populations.
Vulnerable in decline – Species that are seen to be facing a risk of extinction in the
wild, having apparent reductions of 20% or more in the last 10 years or three
generations.
Vulnerable – Species that are seen to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild,
but not necessarily experiencing recent reductions in population size.
Lower risk – Species that are seen to be facing a risk of extinction that is lesser in
extent that for any of the above categories.
Data deficient – Species that may be at risk of extinction in the wild but at the
present time there is insufficient information available to make a firm decision
about its status.
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3.4.2 Relevant International Guidelines
a. World Bank Guidelines on Environment
The principal World Bank publications that contain environmental guidelines are
listed below:
Environmental Assessment – Operational Policy 4.01. Washington, USA. World
Bank 1999;
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures and Cross‐
Sectoral Issues. World Bank Technical Paper Number 139, Environment
Department, World Bank, 1991;
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume III: Guidelines for Environmental
Assessment of Energy and Industry Projects. World Bank Technical Paper No. 154,
Environment Department, World Bank, 1991;
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook: Towards Cleaner Production,
Environment Department, the World Bank, United Nations Industrial
Development Organization and the United Nations Environment Program, 1998;
and
Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, International Finance
Corporation (IFC) World Bank Group, 2007.
The first two publications listed here provide general guidelines for the conduct of an
EIA and address the EIA practitioners themselves as well as project designers. While
the Sourcebook in particular has been designed with Bank’s projects in mind and is
especially relevant for the impact assessment of large‐scale infrastructure projects. It
contains a wealth of information which is useful to environmentalists and project
proponents.
The Sourcebook identifies a number of areas of concern, which should be addressed
during impact assessment. It sets out guidelines for the determination of impacts,
provides a checklist of tools to identify possible biodiversity issues and suggests
possible mitigation measures. Possible development project impacts on wild lands,
wetlands and forests etc. are also identified and mitigation measures suggested. The
Sourcebook also highlights concerns in social impact assessment and emphasizes the
need to incorporate socioeconomic issues in EIA exercises.
The Sourcebook dealing with the assessment of industry and energy projects is more
specific. It contains a section on onshore development of O&G and identifies the
potential environmental impacts of E&P activities. These include surface disturbance
from the building of access roads in undisturbed areas, disturbance from explosive
charges and possible damage to cultural resources. Possible socio‐cultural issues that
may arise as a result of an influx of non‐locals are also identified in the Sourcebook.
The Pollution Handbook provides general waste management policies with specific
techniques for the prevention of air and water pollution. Project guidelines are
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presented for major pollutants as well as typical emissions from industry sector
including oil and gas.
As of 30th April, 2007, the documents published in Volume III of the Pollution
Prevention and Abatement Handbook have been replaced by the new versions of EHS
Guidelines published by IFC. The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents
that address IFCʹs expectations regarding the industrial pollution management
performance of its projects. They are designed to assist managers and decision makers
with relevant industry background and technical information. This information
supports actions aimed at avoiding, minimizing, and controlling EHS impacts during
the construction, operation and decommissioning phase of a project or facility. The
EHS Guidelines have become globally applied references for private sector
development with their use extending well beyond World Bank Group operations to a
diverse external community, such as other international financial institutions,
regulators, industry, academics and commercial banks, including the international
banks that have adopted the Equator Principles. Separate sets of guidelines have been
prepared addressing general EHS issues as well as guidelines specific to various
industrial sectors including onshore O&G development projects.
The EHS Guidelines for onshore O&G development include information relevant to
seismic exploration, exploration and production drilling, development and production
activities, transportation activities including pipelines, other facilities including
pumping, metering, pigging & compressor stations and storage facilities, ancillary and
support operations and decommissioning. A full description of industry activities for
this sector is also provided in the guidelines.
b. Environmental Management in Oil & Gas Exploration and Production, IOGP
This document provides an overview of environmental issues in the oil & gas
exploration and production processes and discusses potential environmental impacts
on the physical, biological and socioeconomic environment.
The document also recommends environmental management practices and
environmental protection measures such as waste treatment and disposal techniques,
pollution prevention and cleaner production, oil spill contingency planning,
decommissioning etc. for oil & gas exploration and production operations.
c. International Regulations and Guidelines for the Disposal of E&P Wastes
These include the following:
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of the United States, 1976 (hereafter
referred to as RCRA)
Environmental Guidance Document – Waste Management in Exploration and
Production Operations, American Petroleum Institute, API E5, 1997 (hereafter
referred to as API Guidelines)
Statewide Order 29‐B, State of Louisiana, Department of Natural Resources, 1990
(hereafter referred to as LSO 29‐B Regulations)
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Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, Rules and Regulations (hereafter
referred to as COGCC Regulations)
The Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission guidelines on disposal of E&P
wastes (hereafter referred to as IOGCC Guidelines)
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under the RCRA
classifies all drilling fluids, produce water and drill cuttings as non‐hazardous. The
API and IOGCC Guidelines and LSO 29‐B and COGCC Regulations present various
options for the disposal of drilling fluids, produced water and drill cuttings including
land treatment, road spreading, on site burial and solidification, and recommend
maximum concentration levels for pH, metals, oil and grease and other inorganic
parameters to be met by each option. The most stringent limits of concentrations for
burial have been provided in API Environmental Guidance Document E5 ʺWaste
Management in Exploration and Production Operationsʺ provided in Table 3‐7, if the
waste exceeds these limits then the disposal should be in lined pits. Table 3‐8 provides
the less stringent criteria in terms of concentrations set by LSO 29‐B.
d. Environmental Guidelines for Worldwide Geophysical Operations, International
Association of Geophysical Contractors (IAGC); April, 1995
The IAGC guidelines provide guidance for the management of impacts from
geophysical operations related to:
Physical environment including water, air and soil;
Biological environment including vegetation and wildlife; and
Socioeconomic environment including archaeological sites, cultural practices and
commercial and recreational activities.
The guidelines require project operators to:
Plan and conduct operations in a manner that conserves the environment;
Train personnel in environmental matters;
Consult appropriate stakeholders at all stages of the operation; and
Evaluate environmental performance of operations and adopt restoration
measures.
International and National Environment & Conservation Organizations
3.5.1 International and National NGOs
International environmental and conservation organizations such as International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Worldwide Fund for Nature
(WWF) have been active in Pakistan for some time now. Both these organizations have
worked closely with government and act in an advisory role with regard to the
formulation of environmental and conservation policies. Since, the convening of the
Rio Summit, a number of national environmental NGOs have also been formed and
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have been engaged in advocacy and in some cases, research. Most prominent national
environmental NGOs, such as the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI),
Strengthening Participatory Organization (SPO), Shehri, Lead and Shirkatgah are
members of the Pakistan National Committee (PNC) of IUCN.
As mentioned earlier, environmental NGOs have been particularly active in advocacy,
as proponents of sustainable development approaches. Much of the governmentʹs
environmental and conservation policy has been formulated in consultation with
leading NGOs, who have also been involved in drafting new legislation on
conservation.
3.5.2 Pakistan Petroleum Exploration and Production Companies Association
(PPEPCA)
PPEPCA is an association of private sector companies and semi‐autonomous
departments concerned with exploration and production of O&G. It provides a forum
for such companies to discuss issues, formulate common strategies and convey
concerns and demands to the government and to other stakeholders in the O&G
business. PPEPCA has also been particularly effective in collecting and disseminating
information on current trends in exploration and production to its members and has
been instrumental in informing members of changes in government policy and in
formulating a response to such policy changes.
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Table 3‐1: SEQS for Municipal and Industrial Effluentsa
Parameters Into Inland
Water
Into Sewage
Treatment5 Into Sea6
Temperature 40°C or temperature increase* ≤3°C ≤3°C ≤3°C
pH 6‐9 6‐9 6‐9
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) at 20°C 1 80 250 80**
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)1 150 400 400
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 200 400 200
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 3,500 3,500 3,500
Grease and oil 10 10 10
Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 0.3 0.3
Chloride (as Cl‐) 1,000 1,000 SC***
Fluoride (as F) 10 10 10
Total cyanide (as CN‐) 1.0 1.0 1.0
An‐ionic detergents (as MBAS)2 20 20 20
Sulphate (SO4) 600 1000 SC***
Sulphide (S‐) 1.0 1.0 1.0
Ammonia (NH3) 40 40 40
Pesticides3 0.15 0.15 0.15
Cadmium4 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chromium (trivalent & hexavalent)4 1.0 1.0 1.0
Copper4 1.0 1.0 1.0
Lead4 0.5 0.5 0.5
Mercury4 0.01 0.01 0.01
Selenium4 0.5 0.5 0.5
Nickel4 1.0 1.0 1.0
Silver4 1.0 1.0 1.0
Total Toxic metals 2.0 2.0 2.0
Zinc 5.0 5.0 5.0
Arsenic4 1.0 1.0 1.0
Barium4 1.5 1.5 1.5
Iron 8.0 8.0 8.0
Manganese 1.5 1.5 1.5
Boron4 6.0 6.0 6.0
Chlorine 1.0 1.0 1.0
Source: The Sindh Government Gazette, January 28, 2016
Notes: a All values are in mg/l, unless otherwise defined. 1 Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge, lower ratio would attract progressively stringent standards to be
determined by the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency. By 1:10 dilution means, for example that for each one
cubic meter of water for dilution of this effluent. 2 Methylene Blue Active Substance; assuming surfactant as biodegradable. 3 Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. 4 Subject to total toxic metals discharge should not exceed level given at S.N. 25.
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5 Applicable only when and where sewage treatment is operational and BOD5=80mg/l is achieved by the sewage
treatment system.
6 Provided discharge is not at shore and not within 10 miles of mangrove or other important estuaries.
* The effluent should not result in temperature increase of more than 3°C at the edge of the zone where initial mixing
and dilution take place in the receiving body. In case zone is not defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge.
** The value for industry is 200mg/l.
*** Discharge concentration at or below sea concentration (SC).
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Table 3‐2: SEQS for Industrial Gaseous Emissiona
Parameter Source of Emission Standard
Smoke Any
40% or 2 on Ringlemann
scale or equivalent smoke
number
Particulate matterb
Boilers and Furnaces:
Oil fired 300
Coal fired 500
Cement kilns 300
Grinding, crushing, clinker
coolers and related processes,
metallurgical processes,
converter blast furnaces and
cupolas
500
Hydrogen chloride Any 400
Chlorine Any 150
Hydrogen fluoride Any 150
Hydrogen sulfide Any 10
Sulfur oxidesc
Sulfuric acid/Sulfonic acid
plants 5,000
Other plants except power
plants operating on oil and
coal
1,700
Carbon monoxide Any 800
Lead Any 50
Mercury Any 10
Cadmium Any 20
Arsenic Any 20
Copper Any 50
Antimony Any 20
Zinc Any 200
Oxides of nitrogend
Nitric acid manufacturing unit
3,000 Other plants except power
plants operating on oil or coal
Oil Fired 400
Coal fired 600
Cement kilns 1,200
Source: The Sindh Government Gazette, January 28, 2016
Notes: a All values are in mg/Nm3, unless otherwise defined. b Based on the assumption that the size of the particulates is 10 micron or more. c Based on 1% sulphur content in fuel oil. Higher content of sulphur will cause standards to be pro‐rated.
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d In respect of the emissions of the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating on oil or coal as
fuel shall, in addition to standard specified above, comply with the following standards.
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Table 3‐3: SEQS for Motor Vehicle Exhaust and Noisea
Parameter Standard Measuring Method
Smoke
40% or 2 on the Ringlemann
scale during engine
acceleration mode
To be compared with Ringlemann
Chart at a distance of 6 meters or
more
Carbon Monoxide New vehicles: 4.5%
Used vehicles: 6%
Under idling conditions, non‐
dispersive infrared detection
through gas analyzer
Noise 85 dB (A) Sound‐meter at 7.5 meters from the
source
Source: The Sindh Government Gazette, January 28, 2016
Notes: a For in‐use vehicles
Table 3‐4: Sindh Environmental Quality Standards for Noise
No. Category of Area/ Zone
Effective from
1st January, 2015
Effective from
1st January, 2015
Limit in dB(A) Leq
Day Time Night Time Day Time Night time
1. Residential area (A) 65 50 55 45
2. Commercial area (B) 70 60 65 55
3. Industrial area (C) 80 75 75 65
4. Silence zone (D) 55 45 50 45
Source: The Sindh Government Gazette, January 28, 2016
Notes:
1. Day time hours: 6.00 am to 10.00 pm
2. Night time hours: 10.00 pm to 6.00 am
3. Silence zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not less than 100
meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts.
4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent
authority.
5. dB(A) Leq: Time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human
hearing.
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Table 3‐5: Sindh Standards for Drinking Water Quality
No. Properties/Parameters Proposed Standard Values for Pakistan
Bacterial
1.
All water intended for drinking
(E.Coli or thermotolerant coliform
bacteria)
Must not be detectable in any 100 ml
sample
2.
Treated water entering the
distribution system (E.Coli or
thermotolerant coliform and total
coliform bacteria)
Must not be detectable in any 100 ml
sample
3.
Treated water in the distribution
system (E.Coli or thermotolerant
coliform and total coliform bacteria)
Must not be detectable in any 100 ml
sample. In case of large supplies, where
sufficient samples are examined, must not
be present in 95% of the sample taken
throughout any 12‐month period.
Physical
4. Colour < 15 TCU
5. Taste Non objectionable/Acceptable
6. Odour Non objectionable/Acceptable
7. Turbidity < 5 NTU
8. Total hardness as CaCO3 < 500 mg/L
9. TDS < 1000
10. pH 6.5‐8.5
Radioactive
11. Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi 0.1
12. Beta emitters 1
Chemical
Essential Inorganics mg/L
13. Aluminium (Al) < 0.2
14. Antimony (Sb) < 0.005
15. Arsenic (As) < 0.05
16. Barium (Ba) 0.7
17. Boron (B) 0.3
18. Cadmium (Cd) 0.01
19. Chloride (Cl‐1) < 250
20. Chromium (Cr) < 0.05
21. Copper (Cu) 2
Toxic Inorganics mg/L
22. Cyanide (CN) < 0.05
23. Fluoride (F)* < 1.5
24. Lead (Pb) < 0.05
25. Manganese (Mn) < 0.5
26. Mercury (Hg) < 0.001
27. Nickel (Ni) < 0.02
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No. Properties/Parameters Proposed Standard Values for Pakistan
28. Nitrate (NO3)* < 50
29. Nitrite (NO2)* < 3
30. Selenium (Se) 0.01
31. Residual chlorine 0.2‐0.5 at consumer end 0.5‐1.5 at source
32. Zinc (Zn) 5.0
Source: The Sindh Government Gazette, January 28, 2016
* Indicates priority health related inorganic constituents which need regular monitoring.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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Table 3‐6: SEQS for Ambient Air
No. Pollutants
Time‐
weighted
Average
Concentration in Ambient
Air Method of
Measurement Effective
from 1st Jan,
2009
Effective from
1st Jan, 2012
1. Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2)
Annual
Average* 80 μg/m3 80 μg/m3 Ultraviolet
Fluorescence method 24 hours** 120 μg/m3 120 μg/m3
2. Oxide of Nitrogen
as (NO)
Annual
Average* 40 μg/m3 40 μg/m3 Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence 24 hours** 40 μg/m3 40 μg/m3
3. Oxides of
Nitrogen as (NO2)
Annual
Average* 40 μg/m3 40 μg/m3 Gas Phase
Chemiluminescence 24 hours** 80 μg/m3 80 μg/m3
4. O3 1 hour 180 μg/m3 130 μg/m3 Non dispersive UV
absorption method
5.
Suspended
Particulate Matter
(SPM)
Annual
Average* 400 μg/m3 360 μg/m3
High Volume
Sampling, (Average
flow rate not less
than 1.1 m3/minute) 24 hours** 550 μg/m3 500 μg/m3
6.
Respirable
Particulate Matter.
PM10
Annual
Average* 200 μg/m3 120 μg/m3 ß Ray absorption
method 24 hours** 250 μg/m3 150 μg/m3
7.
Respirable
Particulate Matter.
PM2.5
Annual
Average* 25 μg/m3 15 μg/m3
ß Ray absorption
method
24 hours** 40 μg/m3 35 μg/m3
1 hour 25 μg/m3 15 μg/m3
8. Lead (Pb)
Annual
Average* 1.5 μg/m3 1 μg/m3
ASS method after
sampling using EPM
2000 or equivalent
filter paper 24 hours** 2 μg/m3 1.5 μg/m3
9. Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
8 hours** 5 μg/m3 5 μg/m3 Non Dispersive Infra
Red (NDIR) method 1 hour 10 μg/m3 10 μg/m3
Source: The Sindh Government Gazette, January 28, 2016
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
** 24 hourly/ 8 hourly values should be met 98% of the year. 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive
days.
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Table 3‐7: API Standard for On‐site Burial of E&P Wastes in Unlined Pitsa, b, c
No. Parameter Standard
1. pH 6‐9
2. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons < 1% (dry weight)d
3. Arsenic 41
4. Barium 180,000
5. Cadmium 26
6. Chromium 1,500
7. Copper 750
8. Lead 300
9. Mercury 17
10. Molybdenum 37
11. Nickel 210
12. Selenium 100
13. Zinc 1,400
14. Boron 2 mg/Le
15. Sodium adsorption ratio (solution phase) < 12
16. Exchangeable sodium percentage (solid phase) < 15%
17. Electrical conductivity < 4 mmho/cm
Source: API E5 Second Edition of Environmental Guidance Document, Waste Management in Exploration and
Production Operations (February 1997), Section 5.5.4
Notes:
a All values in mg/kg unless otherwise stated
b Waste exceeding the following limits should be buried or land‐filled in lined pits (provided the limits of pH, TPH
and EC are complied with)
c The standards also require that the top of the burial cell must be at least five feet below ground level and the
bottom of the burial cells must be five feet above seasonal high water table
d Dry weight
e Based on the soluble concentration with units of mg/L rather than total concentration
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Table 3‐8: LSO 29B Criteria for On‐site Burial in Unlined Pits
No. Parameter Standard
1. pH 6‐9
2. Oil and Grease < 3% (dry weight)
3. Arsenic 10 ppm
4. Barium (Upland area) 40,000 ppm
5. Cadmium 10 ppm
6. Chromium 500 ppm
7. Lead 500 ppm
8. Mercury 10 ppm
9. Selenium 10 ppm
10. Silver 200 ppm
11. Zinc 500 ppm
12. Electrical Conductivity < 12 mmho/cm
13. Moisture Content < 50 % by weight
Source: State wide order No. 29‐B (June, 2010)
Notes:
1‐ The top of the burial cell must be at least five feet below ground level.
2‐ The bottom of the burial cells must be five feet above seasonal high water table.
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4 Project Description
The Proposed Project
United Energy Pakistan Limited (UEPL) intends to carry out exploration and
associated development activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21). These
activities range from 2D/3D seismic surveys, drilling of exploration/
development wells, laying of flow line/s from producing wells to the
hydrocarbons gathering system/processing facility, establishment of processing
facilities e.g. EWT or CPP, up‐gradation/modification of existing facilities with
associated civil and engineering works e.g. construction of access track/s,
residential camp/s, construction of well site/s etc. and finally decommissioning
and site restorations. Proposed project activities will be commenced with 2D/3D
seismic survey and based upon the aforementioned seismic data acquisition and
its interpretations, UEPL will plan to drill wells as part of exploration/
development plan. After the successfully drilling at any proposed well location
and in case of discovery, flow line/pipeline will be laid from each well to the
new/existing hydrocarbons gathering and production system over the period of
three years. Detailed proposed project activities will include but not limited to
be are listed below:
Seismic activities (2D and 3D);
Well sites preparation & construction activities;
Drilling of exploration, development and water injection wells (no new water
injection well will be drilled only plugged & abandoned (P&A) well will be used
for the purpose);
Surface facilities development at drilled well sites including EWT;
Laying of flow lines from producing wells to CPP/Gathering hub;
Laying of flow lines from CPP/Gathering hub to Point of Delivery (POD);
Development of early production, production and testing facilities which will
include plant construction and operations;
Development of remote facilities;
Up‐gradation/Modification of existing facilities;
Relocation of existing facilities e.g. decommissioning of plant equipment and
relocation to other location within project area;
Construction of access roads & residential camps;
Decommissioning of surface facilities (well sites/plant sites); and
Sites restoration.
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The details of core activities i.e. seismic, drilling, laying of flow line and establishment
of processing facility are provided in following sections of this chapter.
Seismic Operation
The objective of the seismic survey is to delineate the subsurface geological structure
beneath the area in order to investigate the potential for oil & gas reserves and to
identify a suitable surface location for the drilling of wells. The principle of seismic
survey is to cause shock waves in the ground which reflect from geological strata. By
measuring the time taken to receive the shock waves at detectors at the ground surface
(called “geophones”), a picture of the subsurface geology can be developed.
There are two basic types of seismic data acquisition techniques are being used in
Pakistan i.e. two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D). The seismic operation
proposed by UEPL comprise of both 2D and 3D seismic data acquisition within the
project area. Two dimensional seismic data collection occurs along a line of receivers
therefore, the resultant image represents only a section below the line. A three
dimensional seismic survey utilizes multiple points of observation. This is
accomplished by deploying a grid of geophones and seismic source impact points
along the surface of the area being studied. The result is a volume or cube of seismic
data sampled from a range of different angles and distances. In a typical 2D survey,
seismic lines can be many kilometres apart, whereas in a 3D survey, they are generally
a few hundred meters apart.
Two types of techniques will be used for data acquisition; vibroseis in the terrain with
gentle slopes and flat areas; dynamite within agricultural lands and all other areas
where access or working of the vibroseis will be difficult. Upholes may be drilled at
selected locations within the area of the seismic survey.
Each seismic operation will involve housing about 800 – 1,000 people in a seismic
campsite (depending upon the technique being used). In terms of resource utilization,
water will be used for domestic and operational purposes. Earth fill material may be
required for the construction and operational purposes. Local labour will also be
employed during the operation. A description of activities involved in proposed
seismic program is provided in sections below.
4.2.1 Line Permitting
Before commencement of work, a permitting team headed by a Chief Permit Man will
arrive in the area. The teamʹs early arrival will facilitate activities such as liaising with
local landowners and authorities to inform them of the operation and make necessary
arrangements. The permitting team will identify the ownership of the land areas over
which the seismic operation will be undertaken. In consultation with the respective
district administration and following agreed rates, compensation will be given to the
landowners. During the seismic survey the Chief Permit Man will be the focal point
for communication between local inhabitants and seismic survey personnel.
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4.2.2 Line Survey and Preparation
In this activity the seismic lines will be marked on the ground by survey teams, each
team comprising of 4 to 5 people. The survey teams will use a Global Positioning
System (GPS) to mark shot points on the seismic lines at every 20 – 50 m intervals with
whitewashed stones or wooden pegs.
In plain areas, for laying of seismic lines, area may be cleared (if required) to a width
of 3 m and at a depth of a few inches with a bulldozer. This will allow the movement
of vibroseis over the cleared strip of land along the line. Clearing of trees and dense
patches of vegetation will be avoided. Seismic lines passing through agricultural fields
will not be cleared, as dynamite will be used as the energy source in these areas.
4.2.3 Data Acquisition
a. Dynamite
In this technique, 1 – 20 meters deep and 10 cm diameter holes, called shot holes, will
be drilled every 20 – 50 m along sections of the seismic lines passing through
agricultural lands or areas where access or working of vibroseis will be difficult. These
holes will be drilled using portable hand driven drills. Each drill will be operated by a
team of 6 to 8 drillers headed by a foreman. A total of 5 to 10 drilling teams will be
employed on each line. It is expected that each team will be able to drill 6 to 8 holes
per day depending on the geological and environmental conditions of the area. If
required each drilled hole will be cased with a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe to
prevent the hole from collapsing. If a shot point cannot be drilled at a specified
location because of any environmental restriction, a replacement point will be located
as close to the original shot point as possible. Seismic drilling activity will not be
carried out at stream beds. However, cables and geophones will be laid across the
surface water bodies for data acquisition purposes.
Due to loose soil material wherever expected in the area the holes during drilling will
be flushed with bentonite mud. The bentonite mud will be prepared near the shot
point in a 2 m square and 0.5 m deep earthen pit. Water tankers will transport water
required for the preparation of the mud. These water tankers will travel only on
existing and approved tracks. In case an existing track does not reach to a shot point,
the tanker will stop on the track at a position nearest to the shot point, from thereon
water will be transported by means of hose pipes connected to the tanker. The spent
drilling mud and cuttings will be stored inside a similar earthen pit. The spent mud
and cuttings will be allowed to dry after which the pit will be backfilled with at least
15 cm of top soil cover. The pits will be clearly marked until restored. Since, bentonite
is a type of clay and a non‐hazardous material, burial of the mud and cuttings on site
will not contaminate soil or groundwater.
After completion of drilling, each shot hole will be loaded with approximately 0.5 – 3
kg of dynamite and 1 or 2 detonators. Explosives will be handled by a loading crew
who will be specially trained in the handling, storage, transportation, charging, firing
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and safety of dynamite. The charges will be carefully inserted into each hole before the
cylindrical PVC casing is removed. Each hole will then be backfilled with sand/mud.
Approximately 70 labourers divided into six teams including front crew, back crew,
shooting crew, recording crew and green crew will carry out shooting, recording and
restoration along the seismic lines. These teams will operate several days behind the
drilling team.
The front cable crew will layout the cables and plant geophones along the seismic line.
The cables and geophones will be symmetrically laid out 3 – 4 km along the seismic
line on either side of a shot point. The geophones connected together in groups of 24
or more will be planted along the line at intervals of 1 to 5 meter. Each string of
geophones will be connected to a cable, which will be connected to a station unit. The
station units will be connected to a recording unit through the same cable. The points
along which cables and geophones will be laid are termed receiver array.
The shooting crew will be responsible for the detonation of charges. Once the cables
and geophones have been symmetrically laid out along the line, the charge is
detonated by a crew comprising of 4 men. At the surface the sound of the detonation
will be no more than a muffled thud. The process is repeated along the line, cables and
geophones being removed from the back of the line and placed at the front of the line
as the shooting crew progresses.
The recording crew will monitor the ground electronics equipment and recording of
the seismic data. The back cable crew will be responsible for picking up the cables,
geophones and station units. The green crew will follow the back cable crew and
remove any wastes from the seismic lines and restore the shot holes as close to their
original condition as possible.
b. Upholes
Upholes will be drilled with the help of truck mounted drilling rig. These holes will be
drilled to a depth of up to 150 m and will be 150 mm in diameter. To ensure stability of
the borehole, a water based bentonite mud will be circulated through the hole. It is
estimated that for each hole approximately 5,000 to 8,000 litres of water will be
required for the preparation of the bentonite mud. The mud will be prepared in an
earthen pit near the hole. A similar pit will be used to store the used mud. After
drying the pits along with their contents (bentonite mud and cuttings) will be
backfilled. Data from upholes will be collected either by a hammer source at the
surface and a string of geophones suspended inside the hole or by using detonators
inside the hole to receiver at the surface.
c. Vibroseis
This technique will make use of vibrators as an energy source. The vibrator consists of
a heavy mass (up to 50 tons) attached to a steel plate mounted on a truck. The truck
will lower the steel plate to rest on the ground while lifting the body of the truck in air
by means of hydraulic jacks. The steel plate will be made to vibrate, creating energy
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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waves that will travel downwards into the earth’s surface. The reflected waves will be
received on the ground by cables and geophones laid along the seismic line.
The arrangement of cables, geophones and station units will be similar to the
arrangement adopted for dynamite. A series of four vibrators will follow each other
along the line. All 4 vibrators will stop at a point called vibroseis point and produce
energy waves in the manner described above. With this technique approximately 5 – 8
km of line can be recorded each day again depending on the topography of the area.
4.2.4 Camps, Staffing and Supplies
One base camp and a fly camp (if required) will be prepared to house around 800 –
1,000 crewmembers depending on the technique being used for the seismic data
acquisition during each seismic survey. The camps will be located and constructed
such that minimum clearing of vegetation or land is involved land maintaining a safe
distance from the communities and sensitive environmental habitats. The approximate
area for the seismic base camp will be 40,000 square meters (m2) and will include
accommodation area including tents and porta‐cabins, senior and junior kitchens and
mess, laundry area, toilets, workshops, vehicles parking area, equipment storage
areas, fuel and oil storage areas, generators area, septic tanks, soak pits and a garbage
pit. The camps will be fenced for security reasons. An advance party will prepare the
base camp. Survey work will start only after satisfactory set up of the base camp.
Approximately 40,000 litres of water would be required per day for the seismic
operation, which will be primarily used for domestic purposes. Flush and uphole
drilling consumes approx. 4~5,000 litres and 8,000 litres of water per hole respectively.
Except flush and uphole drilling, use of jackrobs drilling (if required) and vibroseis
operation will not require water.
A bulk stock of dynamite will be transported to the project area. This will be stored in
a purpose built explosive storage area ‘magazine’ located at a safe distance from
communities and the seismic camps (base & fly). The explosives will be stored in an
excavated pit lined with concrete blocks and covered with tarpaulins. The area will be
fenced and guarded for security reasons.
4.2.5 Access and Transport
Access to seismic lines will mostly be through existing tracks. As 4WD vehicles will be
used by the project, these tracks can be used without any improvement. Short reaches
of new tracks may have to be prepared in areas where there is no existing access
however, the preparation of new tracks will be minimized. Vehicles and equipment
likely to be used during seismic operation will include Dozers, Trucks, Unimog
Recorder Truck, Cranes, Uphole Rigs, Jackrobs, Air Compressors, Water Tankers, 4x4
Pick‐ups/Jeeps, Explosive Vehicles, Fuel Tankers, Vibrators, Tents, Porta‐cabins,
Ambulances and Generators.
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4.2.6 Restoration and Waste Management
After completion of the every seismic operation, the campsites (base & fly) will be
restored to as close to its original condition as possible. For reference purposes a
photographic record of the campsites prior to setup will be taken. The following
activities will be carried out for site restoration:
Demobilization of all equipment and machinery;
Disposal of any waste material remaining at the time of completion of the
operation;
Backfilling of all soak pits and septic tanks;
Dismantling and removal of fence or barriers surrounding the camp area; and
General restoration of the site area including landscaping and restoration of
drainage where required.
Restoration of seismic lines will include removal of all cables, geophones, station units,
flags, stakes and wastes from the lines and backfilling of all mud pits. For reference
purposes a photographic record of selected sections of seismic lines will be taken
before and after the operation.
Drilling Operation
4.3.1 Proposed Project Activities
This operation will comprise of drilling of exploratory/development wells within
prospective areas based on the 2D & 3D seismic data interpretations. The proposed
drilling project will entail the following activities:
Phase I – Construction
o Civil contractor’s mobilization
o Development of access road
o Rig camp construction
o Security camp construction
o Well site construction
o Civil contractor’s demobilization
Phase II – Well Drilling
o Rig mobilization and rig camp establishment
o Well drilling and testing
o Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP)
o Rig demobilization
Phase III − Site Restoration (depending on the failure or success of the well)
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4.3.2 Project Schedule
The drilling operation of each well, from civil works to plugging and abandonment is
expected to take about 4~5 months. The drilling of wells is planned after the
acquisition of 2D & 3D seismic data and its interpretation by United Energy Pakistan
Limited. The tentative duration of key activities is provided below:
Mobilization 15 days
Civil works 60 days
Drilling 60 days
Testing 15 days
4.3.3 Construction
In this phase of the operation, a well site, rig camp, security camp and access track will
be developed for each proposed well. The construction contractor will develop its own
camp for construction purposes. The camp will house a maximum of 200 people. The
contractor will also hire local people for unskilled jobs. The construction works will
take approximately 60 days to complete.
The well site and rig camp will cover an area of approximately 32,400 and 8,000 m2
respectively. Well site construction will involve the following:
Clearing, leveling and compaction;
Construction of the concrete drilling rig pad and cellar;
Construction of cutting pit, water pit and wastewater pits;
Construction of septic tanks and soak pits;
Construction of flare pit;
Construction of platform for fuel storage tank with sump and loading/un‐loading
pad; and
Installation of a chain link fence around the well site along with snake protection
and ditch.
The rig campsite will consist of porta‐cabins, kitchens, mess rooms, bathrooms,
laundry area etc. for which limited construction works including levelling, grading,
filling and compaction will be required. Development of campsite includes, but not
limited to the following:
Leveling and compaction of area for the campsite;
Provision of drainage works in and around the campsite;
Laying and compaction of the gravel or rock topping in the campsite;
Construction of fuel storage tank with sump and loading/un‐loading pad;
Provision of fence, access and emergency gates;
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Construction of septic tank and soak pits;
Installation of security guard wooden cabins; and
Installation of sewerage flow line with manholes for the septic system.
Construction works to develop the access road will include, but not limited to the
following:
Cutting and filling;
Leveling, grading and compaction of subgrade;
Laying of gravel and compaction;
Construction of culverts and causeway crossings (if required);
Provision of earthen catch drains;
Provision of pass points at every 1,000 m; and
Provision of milestones, road and safety signs.
Existing tracks will be used as much as possible to access the selected drilling
locations. Due to the network of existing tracks in the area, development of new tracks
may be limited to short reaches of a few kilometers only. The existing tracks will be
upgraded (if required) to a standard that is suitable for movement of 40 ft. trailers. The
road will be 6 m wide, consisting of 5 m gravel top and 0.5 m of earthen shoulder on
either side.
Water required during construction will be obtained from either local tube wells, or
new water wells installed by UEPL in the area of operation. Approximately 80,000
liters of water would be required per day during construction phase. After completion
of construction activities, all except for a few machinery, equipment and personnel
required for maintenance of the access road will be demobilized from the area.
4.3.4 Rig Mobilization
Following the construction of the each well site, campsite and access road mobilization
of the rig and related machinery and equipment will commence. Mobilization will
involve the transportation of the following to the designated drilling location:
The drilling rig;
Ancillary equipment such as power generators, mud pumps, mud tanks, shale
shakers, cementing unit, drill pipe and collars;
Porta‐cabin style camp, complete with all catering, power generation, laundry and
other facilities;
Drilling and other necessary support personnel; and
Drilling materials such as casing and associated accessories, wellheads, drill bits,
drilling fluid chemicals and liner hanger equipment etc.
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The drilling rig will be transported to the site using 40 ft. long trailers. Depending on
the type of rig, approximately 80 to 150 truckloads of equipment will be transported
during mobilization. The rig will be assembled and erected over the well location.
4.3.5 Drilling
Drilling will be carried out using conventional equipment, techniques and practices
for drilling operation. A rotary drilling rig will be used in this operation. The derrick
will be mounted on a steel platform known as the rig floor. The rig floor will provide
working area for the drilling operations and personnel. A hoisting drum called draw
works will be mounted on the rig floor at the base of the derrick. A wire rope called
the drilling line will pass from the draw works to the top of the derrick through a
system of pulleys called the crown block and will be attached to a further system of
pulleys known as the hook and block. The whole system of wire rope and pulleys will
operate like a crane. A drill string made up of uniform lengths of hollow steel pipes
will be suspended from the hooks. Suspended from the drill string will be the drill bit.
The drill bit will drill through the formations by the combined effect of the weight of
the drill collar and the rotary action provided to the bit by a rotary table mounted on
the rig floor. Rotation of the drilling bit and string is achieved by means of powerful
electric motors on the surface.
Based on the sections of the well, drill bits with diameter 26, 171/2, 121/4, 81/2 and 6 inches
are expected to be used. As drilling progresses in a given section of the well the length
of the drill string will be increased by the addition of new lengths of pipes. Steel pipes
known as casing will be lowered into the hole to line the sides of the well and prevent
the hole from collapsing. At the end of drilling each section, these steel casings will be
cemented into place by pumping cement into the space between the casing and the
surrounding strata. The sections of the well will be drilled in this manner until the
desired target depth is achieved. Anatomy of a generic rotary drilling rig is shown in
Figure 4‐1. The drilling operation will be undertaken on a round‐the‐clock basis with
two 12 hours shifts.
a. Drilling Mud
A water based drilling mud will be used during the operation to serve the following
functions.
Flushing out drilled solids from the bottom of the hole and their transport to the
surface;
Lubrication and cooling of the drill bit and string;
Deposition of an impermeable layer on the wall of the wellbore so as to seal the
drilled formations; and
Countering the natural formation pressures and preventing uncontrolled flow of
fluid from the formations.
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The drilling mud will consist of slurry of formation cuttings suspended in a liquid
phase. Fresh water spud mud will comprise of Bentonite, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH),
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO4) and lime (CaO) in water. The additives such as bentonite,
barite and salts will be used for initial mud formulation and subsequent changes as
required during the operation. The exact constituents and concentrations will be
finalized before the drilling operation. The quantity & composition of drilling mud
used and the cuttings generated will depend upon the well geology, depth of the well
and other operating factors.
b. Management of Drilling Wastes
Conventional drilling waste management involves discharging the mud and cuttings
into a lined waste pit. However, UEPL may use a cuttings segregation and fluid
recovery unit in which the cuttings segregated by the shakers are processed through
centrifuges and Hi‐G dryer. This will further allow:
Additional drying of the cuttings making their disposal into the lined waste pit
easier;
Recovery of the excess mud associated with the cuttings. The mud can be re‐used
thereby reducing the overall water consumption and chemical usage for mud
formulation; and
Reduction in the size of the waste pit due to the reduction in the mud content
associated with the cuttings and due to less water consumption and mud
formulation.
This waste management system is considered to be technologically and
environmentally the most preferred option. After completion of drilling, the cuttings
remaining in the waste pit will be allowed to dry out. The cuttings will then be
encapsulated within the HDPE liner and the waste pit will be backfilled leaving a top
soil cover over the pit at the time of site restoration.
c. Coring & Well Logging
In the potential reservoir section, cores of rock may be taken from the borehole and a
number of well logs performed. Cores and well logs will be used to confirm the
geology of the structures being bored through and assess the accuracy of the seismic
survey data interpretation carried out before drilling operation. Coring and well
logging will also help identify possible hydrocarbons.
d. Well Evaluation
After having drilled to the specified depth, a number of logs for hydrocarbon bearing
strata will be taken to accurately measure the pressure and fluid content of the zone.
The main objectives of the logs will be to determine the fluid composition (gas, oil or
water), whether or not it will flow and its pressure regime.
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If test results show that gas has been encountered, it becomes necessary to conduct
further tests to determine whether it is feasible to develop the well. Tests are
conducted to determine the gas composition and the reservoirʹs permeability.
Once the temporary or permanent valves are in place, it is ensured that the mud
column is more than adequate to counteract any formation pressures that could be
released. After that, a mechanical plug is used to plug off the area of the formation
being tested, and tubing is run through the plug. A Blowout Preventer (BOP) is kept in
place throughout the test.
Once these steps have been taken, gas is allowed to flow to the surface and is passed
through a 3‐phase separator that segregates the fluid into water, gas and oil or
condensate. Metering devices and valves are used to estimate the gas production rate,
after which the gas and associated condensate are flared and water discharged into the
mud pit.
e. Well Completion
If data collected from coring, logging and well testing shows that the well can be used
as a producing well then a completion string together with a few items of subsurface
equipment (such as a down hole plug) to enable production from the well will be
installed just above the producing formation. The mud in the well will be displaced by
completion fluid, which is expected to consist of potassium chloride brine, containing
small volumes of chemicals designed to protect the well. These chemicals will include
a corrosion inhibitor, an oxygen scavenger, biocide and a chemical for pH control. The
final design of the completion equipment will depend on the subsurface geology.
f. Well Control & Blowout Prevention
In addition to careful monitoring and control of the mud system and the installation of
casing in each section of the well, a surface wellhead consisting of a series of BOPs will
be installed at the top of the casing. The function of the BOP is to prevent uncontrolled
flow from the well by positively closing in the wellbore as and when required. The
BOP is made up of a series of hydraulically operated rams and is designed to
withstand pressures well in excess of those expected to be encountered.
g. Staffing and Supplies for Drilling
It is expected that around 160 – 180 people will be required for each drilling operation.
Local people will be hired for unskilled jobs. During the drilling program the supplies,
with the exception of casing will be transported to the rig in smaller trucks. Casing
will be carried to the rig in 40 ft. flatbed trucks. General supplies transported will
include camp supplies (food etc.), fuels, oils and chemicals and equipment
maintenance parts. Project personnel will travel to and from the rig in smaller vehicles,
mostly four‐wheel drive pickups.
Water for rig and rig camp operation will be transported to the project facilities from
local water wells or to be installed by UEPL in the project area in consultation with
local communities and by following the requirements of the EIA. A maximum of
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80,000 litres of water will be required per day during the drilling operation, which
may exceed to 150,000 litres during peak drilling activity. The surface water resources
will not be used during drilling phase. Average water consumption during the camp
operation for different O&G operations is shown in Table 4‐1.
4.3.6 Demobilization & Site Restoration
After completion of the drilling and testing operations, the rig will be dismantled and
demobilized off the site. The wellhead will remain in situ, but all other equipment and
materials including empty drums used and unused chemicals, fuels and lubricants
will be removed from the well site by their respective suppliers.
After well evaluation, a decision on whether to abandon or further develop the well
will be taken. If it is decided that the well is to be abandoned, the site will be restored,
as far as possible, to its original condition. All the concrete structures will be broken
up and removed, the fencing will be removed and the area levelled. All the broken
concrete may be taken outside of the project area for disposal, reused for backfilling of
pits or provided to locals for re‐use. All waste products, solid and liquid will be
disposed of in accordance with the requirements of the EIA. All pits will be backfilled.
Drill cuttings will be disposed of within the lined cuttings pit at the well site. Drilling
mud and other liquids will be allowed to evaporate inside the lined pit after which the
pits will be backfilled. The access tracks may be left intact if local people desire to use
them. If not, they too will be restored and the land returned to its original use.
4.3.7 Produced Water Injection Well
Produced water injection wells are also part of the proposed exploration and
development project. Produced water from the producing wells will be re‐injected into
deep subsurface formations wherever feasible. Drilling will not be carried out and
only plugged and abandoned well/s will be used for the safe disposal of produced
water from the nearby producing wells which will be connected through a nominal
diameter of pipeline.
Flow Line Laying & Tie-in/Wellhead Works
In case of discovery at any proposed drilling location, a flow line will be laid to
connect it to gathering hub and ultimately to the gas processing facility. Pipelines used
for this purpose will be dependent on specifications of fluid properties. Shortest
possible route will be selected for laying of flow line.
4.4.1 Flow Line Laying Activities
Flow lines will be laid to connect the well site to the existing/new processing plant by
carbon steel NACE flow line which will be dependent on flow rate/production. Laying
of proposed flow lines will primarily be done along the existing and proposed access
tracks to the well sites. Flow line laying activities will include the following:
Land survey;
Right of way (RoW) preparation;
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Transportation of pipes, construction materials, construction machinery and
personnel;
Installation (trenching, laying and backfilling);
Cleaning, testing and commissioning;
Operation and maintenance;
Site Restoration; and
Flow line decommissioning.
A brief description of these activities is as follows:
a. Land Survey
Land survey for demarcating the pipeline route will be undertaken by a team of about
5 to 6 persons equipped with computers, survey stations, GPS handsets, levelling
instruments, steel measuring tapes and worktables. The following activities are carried
out as part of the survey:
Route reconnaissance;
Traverse line survey and installation of wooden pegs;
Topographic survey of pipelines, RoW and terminals;
Excavation and re‐filling of pits for classification and record of soil encountered;
Determination of subsoil water table in the area and land type classification e.g.
fallow land or cultivated areas;
Survey of pipeline crossings at roads or water channel etc.;
Installation of RoW markers; and
Installation of permanent benchmarks.
b. Right of Way (RoW) Preparation
A 50 ft. RoW along the proposed alignment will be leased from the local landowners.
RoW for the proposed gas flow line will be cleared of vegetation and levelled before
the trenching operation is started.
The RoW route will be selected with the following considerations:
Selection of the shortest possible route;
Maximum usage of existing RoW of access route and flow line laid thereby,
minimizing access requirements during the construction period and avoiding
acquisition of private land;
Minimum disruption to the local population, in particular avoidance of any
population resettlement;
Maintaining a safe distance from cultural resources (typically a distance of 50 m
from shrines, graveyards and mosques); and
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Minimum disruption to the natural environment.
c. Transportation and Construction Activities
The laying of pipeline will be done by a construction contractor. The construction
contractor will employ a crew of around 150 – 200 people for pipeline laying. Local
people will be hired for unskilled jobs as and when required during the project subject
to company’s competency criteria and in accordance to all local applicable laws. The
construction equipment required during the pipeline laying typically includes:
Bulldozer
Excavator
Forklift
Pipe layer
Grader
Compressor
Welding machine
Radiography
Sand blasting machine
Pumps; and
Pipe‐bending machines.
The crew may work in separate teams and may reside in one or two fly camps
established at different locations. The camp will consist of tented accommodation,
kitchens, mess rooms, bathrooms, laundries, septic tanks and soak pits etc. for which
limited construction work will be required. At campsite the contractor may also utilize
levelled areas for storage of pipes and other materials and machinery. The pipes will
be transported to the site in up to 40 ft. sections over flatbed trucks. The construction
material and construction machinery will be transported to the site on trucks. Trucks
or pick‐ups will transport all other supplies to the camps. This will include
construction material and consumables, fuel, oil, water and food. At campsite fuel, oil
and chemicals will be unloaded in designated areas with impermeable floors and
dykes to prevent soil and water contamination from spills. Water consumed during
pipeline laying (cleaning and hydro‐testing) will be transported to the site from the
nearest local wells or from UEPL’s existing or new wells (if required) to be installed by
the company according to the requirements of EIA.
d. Flow Line Installation
A trench approximately 3 ft. wide by 5 ft. deep for laying of pipeline (to connect
producing well to the storage or processing facility) will be excavated. The pipeline
will be laid along the side of the trench and welded together. Welded sections of the
line will then be placed at the bottom of the trench by pipe layers or/and cranes
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moving along the line. The pipeline will be below the ground along its entire route
and will be installed in a trench with a minimum depth of one meter, which will be
backfilled to be flushed with the surrounding ground level, with the top soil replaced.
e. Flow Line Cleaning, Testing and Commissioning
Once a section of a pipeline has been installed, it will be cleaned by sending a traceable
brushing pig down the section. This will remove some of the debris and water that has
accumulated in the pipeline during construction. The line will then be flushed with
clean water for further cleaning. The cleansing water may contain some oil, grease and
suspended solids. The water will be collected in earthen pits where it will evaporate
with time or drained into the nearest drainage channel. Disposal of the residual sludge
or solids and the liner will be done following best industrial practices.
The pipeline will then be non‐destructive tested by radiography, ultrasonic and
magnetic particle inspection and hydro‐testing to check its integrity. Hydro‐testing
involves filling the line with clean water (no chemicals added) and pressurizing the
line to 1.25 times the operating pressure. Makeup water will also be required during
testing. After final use, wastewater produced during hydro‐testing will be collected in
lined pits at the main production facilities and evaporated or disposed of into nearby
drainage channels with the prior approval of the concerned municipality. After the
testing phase is over, the pipeline will be commissioned.
As steel pipes are being used, these will be buried at a depth of 3 ft. from the natural
surface level and a 1 ft. sand cushion underneath the pipes for added support. At
water crossings the pipeline will be normally laid 4 ft. below its bed level. However, in
certain cases where this is not practical due to HSE or other reasons the pipeline may
be laid above grade. Inter‐visible white washed concrete posts or markers will be
provided to indicate the pipeline alignment.
Existing dirt tracks or roads will be used to access work areas along the pipeline
alignment. The development of new tracks may be limited to short reaches only. The
dirt tracks used may also need to be upgraded to a standard that is suitable for
movement of flatbed trucks carrying pipelines.
f. Well Sites Control System
Each well will be provided with a local wellhead control panel (WHP) for equipment
status and for local manual control of the wing valve. The Surface Safety Valve (SSV)
and Upper Master Safety Valve (UMSV) will have self‐contained manual hydraulic
systems for opening and closing of the valve.
Each well will be provided with a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) to provide status,
control and shutdown facilities at the Gas Processing Facility (GPF) via fiber optic
cable.
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g. Methanol Injection
Requirement for Methanol Injection will be reconfirmed upon completion of flow
assurance studies to be carried out during conceptual engineering design. If it is
required, methanol injection skid will be made available at the wellhead. Methanol
will be injected into the wellhead via the service wing valve and it will be used to
prevent hydrate formation in the wellhead piping, downstream of choke valve and in
the flow line.
h. Corrosion Inhibitor
Corrosion Inhibitor skid and injection facility will also be installed at each wellhead
area. Corrosion inhibitor will be injected into the flow lines (unless CRA material is
used) to protect these and associated downstream piping systems from internal
corrosion.
i. Flow Line Operation and Maintenance
Following commissioning, pipeline during operation will be continuously monitored
for corrosion, leakages and faulty instrumentation.
Cathodic Protection System
For proposed steel pipelines Cathodic Protection (CP) will be done. Impressed current
system will be provided for underground pipeline protection. With a CP system a
direct electric current will be induced into the pipe at intervals to maintain a pipe to
soil potential in the range of ‐0.85 to ‐1.5 volts. The normal corrosion of steel is a
process where the electron flows from the steel surfaces towards the surrounding
medium (ground). With a CP system this process will be reversed and will result in
corrosion prevention. Base plates protection of tanks and sacrificial anodes to be
provided for pipeline during construction and internal cathodic protection of tanks.
Pipeline Coating
Pipeline will be protected against external corrosion by a 3 layer fusion bonded epoxy
polyethylene factory‐applied coating system. The field joint and bends will be coated
with heat‐shrink sleeves at the site. The above‐ground section of pipeline and block
valves will be painted.
Isolation Valve Stations
Keeping in view applicable codes & standards’ requirements, four isolation valve
stations on the pipeline shall be developed.
j. Site Restoration
On completion of the construction phase, the temporary infrastructure will be
decommissioned and sites restored. This will involve:
Removing the temporary construction camp;
Reinstating the flow line route back to the original condition as close as possible;
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Closing all the temporary waste pits;
Leveling and restoration of borrow areas; and
Site restoration also involves reinstatement of vegetation and topography.
k. Flow Line Decommissioning
Decommissioning of flow lines will be carried out when required according to best
industrial practices and standards. There may be three potential options for pipeline
decommissioning:
Suspension – pipelines are not depressurised but are physically isolated from the
pipeline system;
Abandonment in place – pipelines are physically disconnected from the pipe
system, purged and cleaned with water or inert material and sealed (capped) at the
ends; or
Removal – pipelines are entirely removed from the pipeline easement.
Abandonment in place is usually environmentally most favourable option. One of the
objectives of decommissioning will be to return the leased land to the landowners in a
condition that poses no adverse risk to human health or to the environment.
l. Staffing and Supplies during Flow Line/s Construction
It is expected that around 150 – 200 people will be required for the construction of flow
line and tie‐in works/wellhead works. These included technical, skilled and un‐skilled
staff.
General supplies transported will include camp supplies (food items etc.), fuels, oils,
chemicals and equipment maintenance parts. All supplies, both for construction
activity and for the camp, will be transported by trucks and pick‐ups. This will include
construction material and consumables, water and food. Diesel will only be purchased
locally from the nearest diesel filling station and will not be stored at campsite in the
form of storage tanks. The average daily consumption of diesel would be less than
1,000 litres. The requirement of water during construction would include water for
construction camps, sprinkling of roads and general construction activities. Water
required for construction purposes will be procured from local tube well or newly
installed tube wells by UEPL and in case of a shortfall, from other groundwater
sources as per the requirements prescribed in EIA.
During the construction activity, material such as steel, cement, sand and aggregates
for road and pavement construction may also be required. Earth fill will be obtained
from selected sites where material meeting the required specifications is available.
These sites will be selected with consideration to environmental mitigations. Pavement
material will be obtained from regional quarries.
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4.4.2 Development of Surface Facilities
After the successful drilling of at any proposed well location, development of surface
facilities will also be carried out as part of exploration and development plan. This will
include development of EWT (Extending Well Testing) in case if laying of flow line to
the processing facility is not a feasible option at initial development phase. If any
new/existing hydrocarbon processing facility exists in nearby areas, flow line will be
laid from producing wells to the processing facility/gathering hub. Furthermore, flow
line will also be laid from processing facility to the POD (Point of Delivery) i.e. SSGC
Hub which are usually installed near Gas Processing Plant/s.
Extended Well Testing (EWT)
The Extended Well Test (EWT) operations are required in order to gain an
understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the reservoir to support any future
development of the well and are essential to determine reservoir connectivity on a
large scale and to demonstrate sufficient reserves in place to justify any future
development.
Fluids produced during the EWT operations will be processed through a well test
based process system. The intended test shall help in acquiring the dynamic data for
further evaluation and firming up the:
Original hydrocarbon reserves;
Stabilized reservoir pressure;
Depletion trend;
Well deliverability;
Drainage radius; and
Strategy for field development.
During the EWT operations, all the gas produced would be sent for flaring after
passing through filtration unit. Thus the use of flaring will be very limited and
intermittent.
The proposed operation will consist of the following main activities:
Installation and operation of EWT facilities including, but not limited to wellhead
production and control system, de‐emulsifier injection system, line heaters, 3‐
phase separation and crude stabilization system etc.;
Boiler/Hot oil system (optional); and
Storage tanks and decanting facility.
Hydrocarbon Processing Facility (GPF/CPP)
The Hydrocarbons Processing Facility i.e. Gas Processing Facility or Central
Processing Plant (GPF/CPP) will be designed and constructed to treat the raw gas and
meet the gas sales specifications. The GPF/CPP will also be capable of handling waxy
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well fluids. The wax content is expected to be present in condensate which may cause
wax formation especially during winter. The wax mitigation strategies will be further
explored during the Front End Engineering Design Phase. The construction/
establishment activities of the GPF/CPP are provided in the following sections of the
report.
4.5.1 Construction/Establishment of Gas Processing Facility
The construction of the facility will be undertaken in two phases, selection and
preparation of the site and installation of the equipment. These are described below:
a. Site Selection and Preparation
The land will be acquired/leased by United Energy Pakistan Limited. The land for the
GPF/CPP will be cleared and temporary campsite will be constructed. A blacktop road
will be constructed by converting the already existing track into a metalled track.
However, some small new stretches of metalled track might also have to be developed
to approach the CPP/GPF.
Earthworks will be carried out to provide a raised platform for the processing plant
area and to avoid inundation during floods. Appropriately sized and lined drainage
ditches will be provided to direct rainwater away from the GPF/CPP.
Once the site sub‐base has been prepared, the underground infrastructure will be
installed and foundations laid for the process equipment and supporting
infrastructure. The sealed site roads and paved areas will also be constructed.
Typical activities that are conducted during the civil construction are:
Excavation for foundations;
Laying of foundations;
Masonry work;
Concrete work;
Asphalt work (pavement and roads etc.); and
Finishing (plastering and painting etc.).
b. GPF/CPP Installation
The gas processing and ancillary equipment, brought to site by road in sections, will
be erected on site and hooked‐up. After completion of erection, the facility will be
hydro‐tested to 1.5 times design pressure.
Typical activities that are conducted during plant erection are:
Site fabrication (equipment/pipe supports, equipment assemblies etc.);
Placement of the vessels and equipment on the foundations;
Laying of pipes;
Welding and joining etc.;
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Electrical installation (cabling, switchgears and transformers etc.);
Instrument installation (field instruments, control room instruments and
instrument cabling etc.);
Painting; and
Testing and commissioning.
c. Main Facilities at GPF/CPP
Main facilities at GPF/CPP include:
Three Phase Separator (Production Separator);
CO2 Removal Unit (CRU);
Gas Dehydration Unit (DHU);
Nitrogen Removal Unit (NRU);
Sales Gas Compressors;
Evaporative Cooler;
Sales Gas Metering;
Closed Drain System;
Flare System;
Fuel Gas System;
Instrument Air System;
Nitrogen Generation System;
Fire Water & Pumps;
Hot Oil System;
Demineralized Water System; and
CPI Separator and Pump.
Condensate and produced water from processing trains are directed to condensate
and produced water handling system. The produced water is disposed to Evaporation
Ponds from Produced Water Tank or CPI Separator via Pump.
GPF inlet header is provided with a connection to direct well fluid to processing train.
Production Separator receives gas from the inlet header. The gas, condensates and
produced water are separated in the Production Separator. The separated condensate
and produced water will be routed to the Condensate System and Produced Water
System for further treatment and disposal.
The separated/produced gas from the Production Separator is routed to the CO2
Removal Unit (CRU). Here the CO2 is reduced/removed to meet the CO2 specification.
This gas is then processed to the Gas Dehydration Unit (DHU) to remove or minimize
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the water content in the gas. After the water content removal, the gas is then routed to
the Nitrogen Rejection Unit (NRU). NRU removes/reduces the Nitrogen content in the
gas to meet the Sales Gas specification for Nitrogen.
The gas from the NRU outlet is then routed to the Sales Gas Compressors. The Sales
Gas Compressors boost the sales gas pressure to transport the sales gas to the Buyer
network. After cooling the compressed gas up to the desired temperature, it is then
routed to the Sales Gas Pipeline via Sales Gas Metering Skid.
d. Construction Camps
The construction camp will be set up for the construction of the GPF/CPP. The
construction camp for plant construction is expected to be set up at an appropriate
location and will be fully fenced, sign‐posted and secured to restrict access.
The campsite will include the following facilities:
Camp fencing and security setup;
Offices;
Communications base;
Mechanical workshop;
Maintenance workshop;
Warehouse and stores;
Fuel storage;
Water treatment plant;
Power generation plant;
Water storage;
First‐aid unit;
Firefighting equipment;
Supervisory staff and workers accommodation;
Diners;
Recreation unit;
Laundry unit;
Prayer hall;
Walkways;
Fully contained sewage management system and surface water drain system;
Solid waste collection and disposal system; and
Parking areas.
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A separate liquid sewage disposal will be established for the construction campsite.
Power will be supplied to the site via diesel generators. All contractor’s solid waste
materials will be treated/disposed in on site waste disposal facilities or at an
appropriate off‐site facility which must be approved from Sindh EPA.
After the completion of construction the construction campsite will be rehabilitated to
the original conditions as far as possible.
e. Equipment
The equipment typically used during construction of GPF/CPP will be:
Survey sets;
Dozers, loaders, dump trucks, cranes and trailers;
Concrete mixers and asphalt plants;
Pipe‐bending machines, cutting outfits, beveling machines, grinders, welding
units, radiography equipment, sand‐blasting units, coating units and painting
equipment;
Excavators, thrust‐bore equipment and ditch pumps;
Pipe‐layers, tractors, fuel trucks, service trucks, water tankers with sprinklers and
crew vehicles;
A water‐treatment plant, strainers, fill‐up pumps, hydrostatic testing equipment,
temperature and pressure recorders, and air compressors;
Generators;
Communication equipment;
Mobile maintenance units; and
Warehouse storage units.
f. Staffing
The construction crew during the plant construction will comprise about 500 – 600
personnel, out of which between 60 – 70 may be sourced from local communities
depending upon their experience and skill levels particularly meeting Company’s
competency criteria.
g. Supplies
The estimate includes water required for construction camps, sprinkling of roads and
general construction activities. Water will be procured from existing groundwater
wells and, in case of a shortfall, from other groundwater sources or UEPL’s newly
installed water wells.
Diesel will be the primary fuel during the construction phase, required for power
generation, vehicles and equipment. The estimated average daily consumption of
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diesel is 3,000 litres. Diesel will be procured locally and a tanker will be used to deliver
it to the site.
h. Construction Material Sourcing
During the construction of GPF/CPP, material such as the steel, cement, sand and
aggregates for road and pavement construction will be required. Pavement material
will be obtained from regional quarries.
i. Waste Streams
The primary source of emissions to air during construction activities will be diesel
engine‐driven generators’ exhaust. Other emission sources include construction
machinery and vehicles exhaust emissions. Dust from the construction activities and
movement of vehicles will be the other main source of air emissions.
Black and grey water will be first sent to septic tank (made of concrete/impermeable
material) and then to soaking pit. Whereas, recycling or reuse of waste material is the
preferred option. However, where that is not possible, waste will be treated and
appropriately disposed of as per UEPL’s policy and other legal and contractual
obligations.
j. Site Restoration
On completion of the construction phase, the temporary infrastructure will be
decommissioned and sites restored. This will involve:
Removing the temporary construction camp;
Reinstating the pipeline route back to the original condition;
Closing all the temporary waste pits; and
Leveling and restoration of borrow areas.
The average water requirement during construction is estimated to be 150 m3.
Associated Development Activities
Other associated development activities proposed may include but not limited to:
Development of remote facilities;
Up‐gradation/Modification of existing facilities;
Relocation of existing facilities e.g. decommissioning of plant equipment and
relocation to other location within project area;
Construction of additional residential camps; and
Decommissioning and site restoration of surface facilities.
Where the category of the proposed activity is same, mitigation measures suggested
for the broader category will be applicable.
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Noise, Wastes and Emissions
4.7.1 Noise
Sources of noise during core activities i.e. seismic, drilling, construction and operation
of flow line and establishment of processing facility i.e. GPF/CPP are listed below:
a. Seismic
Operation of generator at seismic base camp;
Movement of light and heavy vehicles;
Noise and vibration due to operation of vibroseis; and
Drilling activity especially with Jackrobs (only if used).
b. Construction (all activities including GPF/CPP)
Operation of generator at construction camps;
Movement of light and heavy vehicles; and
Construction works at the well site and rig camp, along access road and RoW of
flow line/s.
c. Drilling
Operations of generators at the rig camp;
Drilling and operation of generators at the well site;
Movement of vehicles; and
Operation of generator at the maintenance/construction base camp.
d. Laying of Flow Line/s
Operations of generators at the base camp;
Sand blasting; and
Movement of light and heavy vehicles for the operation.
Noise from generators will be minimized by regular maintenance and keeping them
within enclosures. Noise from vehicles, dozers and vibroseis will be minimized by
regular maintenance and reducing effects of project activities on environmental
receptors by maintaining minimum safe distances. Regular monitoring will also be
carried out in accordance to all applicable laws.
4.7.2 Wastes and Effluents
Categories of wastes generated during proposed exploration and associated
development activities in Kotri North Block and their proposed methods of disposal
are discussed below:
Clinical wastes – These will be stored separately from other wastes and sent to an
offsite commercial or provided to a Sindh EPA’s approved waste contractor.
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Combustible wastes – Combustible wastes will include kitchen wastes, paper,
packaging material etc. It will be stored separately in waste segregation containers.
Thereafter all combustible wastes will be provided to the approved waste
contractor for appropriate disposal. All kind of food waste will be buried properly.
Composting can also be exercised for leftover food.
Recyclable or re‐usable wastes – These will include used oil, glass, tin, metals,
workshop wastes etc. It will also be stored separately in waste segregation
containers. All recyclable wastes will be collected by an approved waste contractor
for recycling or re‐use.
Drill cuttings and mud – A Water Based Mud (WBM) will be used during drilling.
The drill cuttings and WBM will be stored at the well site in lined pits. The drilling
mud will be allowed to evaporate inside the mud pit. The drill cuttings will also be
allowed to dry out. After that, the mud pit and the cuttings pit will be backfilled.
Sprinkling of untreated excess wastewater used for drilling purposes will not be
allowed. Sprinkling of treated wastewater will only be done if meeting
NEQS/SEQS.
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) shall be preferred for handling of black/grey water
under BATNEEC/BAT, but in case of unavailability of STP, septic tank and soak
will be provided. Septic tank and soak pit will be covered properly to avoid any
obnoxious smell or environmental nuisance in surrounding areas.
In case if septic tank gets filled with sludge, septic tank shall be emptied through
vacuum truck and material shall be transferred to treatment facility or approved
municipal drain.
The wastewater and the amount of solid waste expected to be generated as a result of
the proposed project activities is provided in Table 4‐2.
4.7.3 Emissions
Emissions during seismic, construction including GPF/CPP, drilling and flow line
laying/tie‐in/wellhead works will include:
Dust emissions during seismic operation – Clearing of seismic lines with the use of
dozer may result in dust emissions within the area of operation. Dust will not be
generated due to use of vibroseis and flush or uphole drilling. However, use of
Jackrobs (if used) will generate dust, but its extent will be limited to its immediate
surrounding and fairly occupational in nature. Use of proper PPEs by the workers
(dust masks and safety goggles etc.) will be ensured.
Dust emissions during construction (all activities including GPF/CPP) – These will
be controlled by proper water sprinkling and good construction management.
Dust emissions during road travel (all activities) – These will be controlled by
avoiding off‐road travel, observing speed limits and tracks maintenance on regular
basis.
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Exhaust emissions from light and heavy vehicles, construction equipment and
machinery and generators – These will be controlled by proper maintenance
(exhaust emissions from these sources generally meet the NEQS/SEQS).
Emissions during flaring and H2S release during drilling and testing – The effects
of these emissions will be controlled by maintaining a safe distance of 300 m from
communities and adhering to emergency response plans in case of H2S release.
Fugitive emissions – The effects of these volatile organic content (VOC) emissions
will be controlled by maintaining safe distances. High concentration levels will be
regularly checked/monitored as part of safety program. During operation, areas
with higher concentration levels will be identified and appropriately mitigated.
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Table 4‐1: Summary of Water Usage during Various O&G Project Activities
Parameter Ratea
Seismic Operation
Domestic water usage Approximatley 200 liters per capita
per day
Upholes 8,000 liters per hole
Flush drilling 4,000 – 5,000 liters per hole
Flush drilling (shallow waters) None
Construction of well site 80,000 b liters per day
Drilling Operation
Domestic and Drilling 150,000c liters per day
Laying of Flow Line/Tie‐ins
Domestic water usage Approximatley 150 liters per capita
per day
Hydrocarbons Processing Facility
Construction and domestic 150 m3
Notes:
a: The values have been taken from various seismic, construction and drilling operations
b: The values are for total consumption of water for domestic and construction purposes. Usually construction and
domestic activities takes up to 80%, and 10% respectively of the total water consumption with the remaining
amount of water being used for sprinkling purposes.
c: The values are for total consumption of water for domestic and drilling purposes. Usually drilling and domestic
activities takes up to 60%, and 40% respectively of the total water consumption.
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Table 4‐2: Summary of Approximate Domestic Wastewater and Solid Waste
Parameter Generation
Domestic Wastewatera
Seismic operation (litres per capita per day) 160
Construction of well site (litres per day) 6,400
Drilling operation (litres per day) 32,000
Laying of flow line (litres per day) 5,400
Construction of GPF/CPP (m3) 20
Other Wastes (per month)a
Seismic Operation
Recyclable solid waste generation (kg) 308
Oil waste produced (litres) 104
Food waste generation (kg) 150
Others/Hazardous waste (kg) 18.2
Construction Phase (Well Site)
Recyclable solid waste generation (kg) 98
Oil waste produced (litres) 9
Food waste generation (kg) 210
Others/Hazardous waste (kg) 3
Drilling Phase
Recyclable solid waste generation (kg) 2,585
Oil waste produced (litres) 560
Food waste generation (kg) 620
Others/Hazardous waste (kg) 14
Wellhead Surface Facility/Flow Line Construction
Recyclable solid waste generation (kg) 279
Oil waste produced (litres) 12
Food waste generation (kg) 160
Others/Hazardous waste (kg) 3
Construction of Processing Facility
Recyclable solid waste generation (kg) 5,690
Oil waste produced (litres) 1,700
Food waste generation (kg) 1,350
Others/Hazardous waste (kg) 42
Notes:
a: Values have been calculated based on HPK environmental monitoring record for various O&G project activities.
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Figure 4‐1: Anatomy of a Rotary Land Drilling Rig
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Photographs: Proposed 2D & 3D Seismic Operation (HPK Library)
Photograph 4‐1: A view of typical seismic base
camp Photograph 4‐2: A veiw of seismic support
camp
Photograph 4‐3: Uphole drilling by vehicle
mounted rig Photograph 4‐4: Vibroseis moving on a seismic
line
Photograph 4‐5: Drilling of deep hole through
buggy in progress Photograph 4‐6: Jackrob drilling
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Photograph 4‐7: Loading of explosives in a shot
hole Photograph 4‐8: A loaded shot hole
Photograph 4‐9: Seismic base camp parking
area Photograph 4‐10: A veiw of explosive magazine
Photograph 4‐11: Seismic cable crossing on a
road Photograph 4‐12: Recording truck
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Photographs: Proposed Drilling & Associated Construction Activities
(HPK Library)
Photograph 4‐13: A view of land drilling rig in
operation
Photograph 4‐14: A view of typical drilling rig
camp
Photograph 4‐15: Dozer at work on access track Photograph 4‐16: Gravel leveling with grader
on well site
Photograph 4‐17: Generators at well site Photograph 4‐18: Water storage pit on well site
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Photograph 4‐19: A view of lined drill cutting
pit at well site
Photograph 4‐20: Properly bunded diesel
storage area with loading and unloading pad
Photograph 4‐21: Properly barricaded food
burial pit
Photograph 4‐22: Construction of septic tank at
well site
Photograph 4‐23: Installation of conductor pipe
at well site
Photograph 4‐24: Installation of BOP in
progress
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Photographs: Lying of Flow Line/Tie‐in Works and GPF (HPK Library)
Photograph 4‐25: Dozer working on RoW Photograph 4‐26: Offloading of pipes on RoW
Photograph 4‐27: Flow line placed along RoW Photograph 4‐28: Clamping of flow line before
welding
Photograph 4‐29: Burial of flow line in trench Photograph 4‐30: Working on flow line at
wellhead
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Photograph 4‐31: Typical view of CPP Photograph 4‐32: Typical styled condensate
storage at GPF
Photograph 4‐33: Typical lined evaporation
pond
Photograph 4‐34: Typical pipe yard at GPF
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5 Analysis of Alternatives
Introduction
An analysis of available alternatives to the proposed exploration and associated
development activities as described in Chapter 4 of this EIA have been carried out in
this section to ensure that the best possible management and technological options are
going to be employed during proposed project implementation. The analysis of
alternatives has been discussed under two separate headings, management
alternatives and technological alternatives.
Management Alternatives
5.2.1 No Project Option
Energy is the prime mover of current day economies and is vital to the sustenance of
economic growth, which depends crucially on the long‐term availability of energy
from sources that are accessible, sustainable, affordable, and environment friendly.
The energy sector plays a key role in the development and growth of Pakistanʹs
economy. Through its history, Pakistan’s economy has paced an unsteady path with
extended phases of low growth following moderate stints of high growth. If one looks
at the pattern of energy supplies, Pakistan has remained an energy deficit country,
dependent upon imports, mostly oil & oil products.
During the Fiscal Year (FY) 2017‐18, the primary commercial energy supplies have
increased from 80 to 86 million tonnes of oil equivalent (MTOE). The increase was in
coal (68.5%), LNG (68.2%), renewable electricity (44.6%), nuclear electricity (41.2%),
imported electricity (11.9%) and LPG (4.5%) as compared to last year. Consequently,
the overall primary commercial energy supply mix during 2017‐18 was increased by
8.4% than the previous year (2016‐17). The share of each energy commodity in primary
energy supplies for 2017‐18 was: Oil – 31.2%, Gas – 34.6%, LNG import – 8.7%, LPG –
1.2%, Coal – 12.7%, hydro‐electricity – 7.7%, nuclear electricity – 2.7%, renewable
electricity sources – 1.1% and imported electricity – 0.1%. Primary energy supplies by
source are provided in Figure 5‐1 & 5‐2.
The annual growth rate of final energy consumption was enhanced considerably by
9.7% and reached to 55 million tonnes of oil equivalent during 2017‐18 due to major
increase in consumption of industry, agriculture and transport sectors. Final energy
consumption by source & sector are shown in Figure 5‐3 & 5‐4 respectively.
Local crude oil production moved up slightly by 0.9% from 88,409 barrels per day in
2016‐17 to 89,197 barrels per day in 2017‐18, while the natural gas production
decreased slightly by 0.9% from 4,032 MMCFD in 2016‐17 to 3,997 MMCFD in 2017‐18.
Extensive activity was seen in the upstream sector where 45 exploratory and 36
development/appraisal wells were drilled. The drilling efforts resulted in 14
discoveries mostly of gas/condensate which needs to be continued.
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The overall import of petroleum products was decreased by 11.9% as compared to the
last year. Import of crude oil by the refineries was, however, increased significantly by
19.3%. The import to aviation fuel (98.3%), motor spirit (8.1%) and HSD (1.3%) was
increased. The import of petroleum products is decreased while the oil import bill
increased from US $ 9.1 billion in 2016‐17 to US $ 11.9 billion in 2017‐18 due to increase
in prices and increase in import of crude oil.
The overall oil consumption during 2017‐18 decreased by 3.5% from 25.56 million
tonnes to 24.68 million tonnes. Consumption of furnace oil decreased to 23.0% and
kerosene 5.4%. However, consumption of HSD increased from 8.48 million tonnes to
9.04 million tonnes (6.5%) and gasoline from 6.74 million tonnes to 7.51 million tonnes
(11.5%). Whereas, natural gas consumption increased from 1,377,307 MMCft to
1,454,697 MMCft (5.6%). Similarly, RLNG import also increased from 186,672,977
MMBtu to 313,902,345 MMBtu (68.2%). Gas consumption in power sector increased
from 446,941 MMCft to 544,654 MMCft (21.9%). As per available information, Kotri
North Block is conducive to natural gas production hence, sharing the accumulative
gas production of the Sindh province. Natural gas production by type/province is
provided as Figure 5‐5 and consumption of natural gas is by sector is shown as Figure
5‐6.
Pakistan’s economy has been growing at an average growth rate of almost 5.5% and
demand of energy is increasing rapidly. A number of contemporary studies indicate
that Pakistan’s primary energy demand is expected to grow at an ACGR of between
4.37 to 6.09 percent over the next 15 years, depending upon the projected GDP growth,
and is likely to be in the range of 116 to 148 MTOE by FY 2022.
As indicated above, Pakistan spends billions of dollars on the import of crude oil and
other petroleum products and as a result total import bill is rising for every
consecutive fiscal year. To reduce this loss of foreign exchange the government is
committed to maximum replacement of imported furnace oil and diesel oil with
indigenous natural gas.
In view of Pakistanʹs current balance of payment difficulties, it has become imperative
for the country to explore indigenous resources in the energy sector, as a reliable
supply of energy is crucial to the achievement of national development targets in the
commodity producing sectors. Natural gas is a particularly attractive option as the
environmental effects associated with its usage are also minimal in comparison to
other fossil fuels.
An oil or gas discovery in the area of operation will augment the present oil & gas
supplies of the country and reduce Pakistanʹs reliance on imported fuel. In view of the
above and high energy demand of the country ‘No Project Option’ seems to be a
highly unfavorable option.
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5.2.2 Alternative Site Option
Several concession areas and exploration sites exist on Pakistanʹs map and a number of
national and international companies are actively engaged in oil & gas exploration and
production in the country in addition to the public sector agencies.
As exploration activities involve large investments, the area of the operation is
carefully selected after assessing that the geological characteristics conducive to the
presence of hydrocarbon reserves are present in the area. Kotri North Block seems to
be an attractive area for hydrocarbon exploration in Pakistan due to the fact that
various successes of discovering hydrocarbon reserves during past drilling operations
e.g. Unarpur‐1 ST‐1 in 2018. Adjacent concession e.g. Kotri Block (2468‐12) also have
potential for hydrocarbon reserves. A recent discovery at exploratory well Yasar X‐1 is
made in 2018. In addition to above, there are also operational hydrocarbon processing
facilities in the nearby areas i.e. Shahdadpur (PPL), Tando Adam (PPL) and Badin
(UEPL). In the above context, an operation in any other area may not be fruitful.
Furthermore, strict adherence to the mitigation measures proposed by the EIA will
ensure that any residual impacts on the forest protected areas are reversible, short
term and insignificant.
Proposed seismic survey in the region will verify and authenticate the potential for oil
and gas reserves and to rightly identify suitable surface locations for drilling of wells
in the subsequent phase of exploration and development phase. Moreover, in case of
discovery/success, flow line will be laid to existing or newly established processing
facility further to distribution network.
5.2.3 Timing of the Operation
The proposed exploration and associated development project have to follow strict
project schedule in order to meet production targets and to reduce national gas
shortage for supporting the countryʹs economy. Restrictions on the timing of the
proposed operation may be deemed necessary if the operations are significantly
affecting the breeding of key wildlife species in the area. On the basis of assessment of
the impacts done in the EIA any restrictions on timing should necessarily be
considered as significant core habitats for the breeding of key species were also
identified in the project area. Wetlands of the project area are visited by migratory
birds and in addition to core habitats of some famous mammals i.e. Hog deer, Fishing
cat, Smooth coated otter, Desert cat, Indian/Bengal fox and Indian pangolin. Famous
game birds i.e. Grey partridge and Black partridge are also key species of the area.
Therefore, the EIA has recommended measures to minimize the duration of activities
within key wildlife areas/habitats and maintain minimum safe distance from sensitive
& fragile environmental receptors.
Technological Alternatives
5.3.1 Seismic Data Acquisition Technologies
Proposed seismic data can be acquired using the following methods:
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Upholes;
Deep shot hole survey;
Shallow shot hole survey;
Surface shots; and
Vibrating energy sources.
The selection of any of these sources is dependent on the quality of data, time, cost,
land type and environmental sensitivity of the area. Care has to be exercised in
selecting the method to ensure that geophysical data of the highest possible quality is
collected with least possible impacts on the environment. It is important to mention
that major part of Kotri North Block is already covered under 2D/3D seismic coverage
however, to be more certain for selection of a well drilling, seismic activities including
2D/3D are also proposed for the project.
Only cables and geophones will be laid across the surface water bodies for data
acquisition. For the rocky and sandy plains the technological options are vibroseis and
shallow holes. In agricultural lands there is a choice between the use of dynamite and
vibroseis as an energy source. The use of vibroseis in agricultural lands was not
considered as a preferred option as it would involve land clearing along the seismic
lines.
Whereas, upholes provide highest data quality, they may pose greater environmental
impacts if used as the only technology due to operation of heavy drilling rigs, use of
water and the need to develop access track. Deep holes and shallow holes required for
dynamite acquisition have comparable environmental acceptability, though deep
holes outrank shallow holes in terms of quality of data obtained, staffing requirements
and the total time required to complete the operation. In order to obtain high quality
data keeping due regard for the environment, a combination of vibroseis and
dynamite has been selected for the operation. The location of upholes will be carefully
selected to minimize the preparation of new tracks and the location of deep holes has
been set at every 50 m to minimize the amount of drilling in the area. Combination of
vibroseis and dynamite sources will enable UEPL to obtain the desired quality of data
with the least possible impacts on the existing environment.
5.3.2 Drilling Technique
Conventional rotary drilling proposed by United Energy Pakistan Limited has been
historically used for the drilling of oil and gas wells. Other drilling techniques include:
Coiled tubing; and
Slim holes.
Despite some environmental gains in the use of coiled tubing and slim holes (reduced
well site area and reduced waste volumes etc.) both techniques seem to share a
number of technical disadvantages and operational limitations. Moreover, the rigs are
not available in Pakistan and in case of a breakdown required backup and service
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facilities may not be available as readily as for conventional rigs. Advantages of the
two techniques therefore, do not outweigh their disadvantages. Conventional drilling
technique proposed by UEPL is therefore evaluated to be the best alternative.
5.3.3 Drilling Mud
Generally, two broad categories of mud are used for drilling of oil or gas wells i.e. oil
based and water based. Oil based mud is formulated by mixing chemicals with diesel.
This mud is not considered to be environment friendly due to the risk of
contamination of subsurface formations during drilling and the generation of oily
drilled cuttings which require specialized handling and treatment. A water based mud
system will be used which due to the abovementioned reasons has environmental
preference over oil based mud and is therefore considered to be the preferred
alternative.
For proposed seismic activity, as highlighted in Section 4.1.3 of Chapter 4, due to
loose soil material wherever, expected in the area the holes during drilling will be
flushed with bentonite mud. The bentonite mud will be prepared near the shot point
in a 2 m square and 0.5 m deep earthen pit. Water tankers will transport water
required for the preparation of the mud. These water tankers will travel only on
existing tracks. In case an existing track does not reach to a shot point, the tanker will
stop on the track at a position nearest to the shot point, from thereon water will be
transported by means of hose pipes connected to the tanker.
The spent drilling mud and cuttings will be stored inside a similar earthen pit. The
spent mud and cuttings will be allowed to dry after which the pit will be backfilled
with at least 15 cm of top soil cover. The pits will be clearly marked until restored.
Since, bentonite is a type of clay and a non‐hazardous material, burial of the mud and
cuttings on site will not contaminate soil or groundwater. No other type of mud is
planned to be used by UEPL during the proposed seismic operation in project area.
5.3.4 Disposal of Drilling Wastes
Conventional drilling waste management involves discharging the mud and cuttings
into a lined waste pit (HDPE lined). UEPL after a review of various waste
management alternatives has started using a cuttings segregation and fluid recovery
unit in which the cuttings segregated by the shale shakers and processed through
centrifuges and Hi‐G dryers. This allows:
Additional drying of the cuttings making their disposal into the lined waste pit
easier;
Recovery of the excess mud associated with the cuttings. The mud can be re‐used
thereby reducing the overall water consumption and chemical usage for mud
formulation; and
Reduction in the size of the waste pit due to the reduction in the mud content
associated with the cuttings and due to less water consumption and mud
formulation.
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The waste management system is considered to be technologically and
environmentally the most preferred option. The drill cuttings and mud will be
disposed of at the well site within lined waste pits. Other options such as
bioremediation, incineration, re‐injection or landfill are either not applicable to the
type of waste or their cost or technical and management disadvantages outweigh the
little benefits that they may have.
5.3.5 Alternative to Flow Lines
After the successful drilling of well and discovery of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons
need to be processed before it enters into distribution network for ultimate
consumption. Pipelines are the best available option however, transmission pipeline
safety regulators and operators have expressed mutual interest in demonstrating the
effectiveness of In‐Line Inspection methods for better risk evaluation and management
of pipeline safety as an alternative to hydrostatic testing in the cases where safety can
be verifiably maintained. Hydrostatic testing can result in substantial costs, occasional
disruptions in service, and substantial emissions due to the routine evacuation of
natural gas from pipelines prior to tests. Allowing alternatives to hydrostatic testing
(including In‐Line Inspection technologies), combined with research and
development, could help to drive innovation in pipeline integrity testing technologies
and eventually lead to improved safety and system reliability.
5.3.6 Gas Processing Facility
Natural gas (also called fossil gas) is naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture
consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other
higher alkanes and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
hydrogen sulphide or helium. It is formed when layers decomposing plant and animal
matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of earth over
millions of years. The energy that the plants originally obtained from the sun is stored
in the form of chemical bonds in the gas.
In petroleum production gas is sometimes burned as flare gas. Before natural gas can
be used as a fuel, most, but not all, must be processed to remove impurities, including
water, to meet the specifications of marketable natural gas. The by‐products of this
processing include ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes and higher molecular weight
hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide (which may be converted into pure sulfur), carbon
dioxide, water vapours and sometimes helium & nitrogen. Because of these properties,
natural gas is receiving attention as low‐carbon, eco‐friendly alternative fuels.
It is the major energy source of our country for both domestic and industrial
operations. Natural gas processing plant converts gas reservoirʹs raw natural gases to
produce sales gas, which is highly demanded commodity in the market. Sales gas
specification typically required processed gas with small amount of water to avoid
pipelines corrosion, avoid hydrates formation in the gas and for their immediate
industry consumption. The plant is equipped with gas dehydration system facilities to
absorb water from raw gas and most of the gas dehydration processes are using tri‐
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ethylene glycol (TEG) process unit. Therefore, gas processing plant with appropriate
capacity is the best solution for the purpose.
5.3.7 Water Abstraction
Water is without any doubt one of the most undervalued resources on earth. Globally,
there is increasing pressures on water resources. In particular, population growth and
economic development are putting pressure on available freshwater resources. Water
quality is inextricably linked to human health in many ways and poor water quality
can lead to diseases, reduced food availability and malnutrition. Improved access
to fresh water has a direct positive impact on people and communities leading to
significant social, economic and environmental benefits.
The two primary options for obtaining water for project needs are:
Surface water
Groundwater
Existing local wells – Existing local wells may be used during proposed exploration
and associated development project activities, if these show sufficient capacity to meet
the project water requirements. Only those local wells will be used which show an
excess capacity of water above the local requirements (domestic and irrigation) and
flow rate from these wells will be monitored during the operation to monitor any
effect. The local wells located close to the existing irrigation network have sufficient
quantity of water and does not show any significant drawdown.
New water wells – There is also a possibility that depending on the requirement for
proposed exploration and associated development activities, United Energy Pakistan
Limited may install new water wells in an area where availability of groundwater is
confirmed. However, this option will be considered if taking water from the existing
water wells in project area is not feasible due to long haul distance or constraints. Use
of brackish water for proposed project activities should be maximized wherever
possible and feasible.
During proposed exploration and associated development, under unavoidable
conditions like long haul distances, unavailability of tube wells in the proximity of
project area etc. limited water abstraction from seasonal watercourses will be allowed
after getting a formal approval from the concerned department and conditional
approval in the form of third order Change Management Statement (CMS) from IMC.
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Source: HDIP Year Energy Book, 2017‐18
Figure 5‐1: Primary Energy Supplies by Source with ACGR
Source: HDIP Year Energy Book, 2017‐18
Figure 5‐2: Primary Energy Supplies by Source
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Source: HDIP Year Energy Book, 2017‐18
Figure 5‐3: Final Energy Consumption by Source
Source: HDIP Year Energy Book, 2017‐18
Figure 5‐4: Final Energy Consumption by Sector
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Source: HDIP Year Energy Book, 2017‐18
Figure 5‐5: Natural Gas Production by Type/Province
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Source: HDIP Year Energy Book, 2017‐18
Figure 5‐6: Natural Gas Consumption by Sector
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6 Background Environment
In order to assess the potential environmental impacts of proposed exploration and
associated development activities (details are provided in Chapter 4) may have on the
environment of the area and to propose mitigation measures a detailed understanding
of the background environment of Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) including physical,
biological and socioeconomic environment has been established and provided in this
chapter.
Physical Environment
In this sub‐section, physical environment including the physiography, geology & soils,
seismicity, climate, water resources (surface & groundwater), noise and air quality of
the project area and its surroundings is discussed in detail.
6.1.1 Physiography
The Kotri North Block lies in the southern part of the Sindh province and is mostly
covered in the Indus Delta covering parts of Jamshoro, Hyderabad and Matiari
districts. District Jamshoro contributes the major part followed by district Matiari and
Hyderabad.
As a whole, Jamshoro district may be divided into three parts which are entirely
dissimilar in character namely:
The Kohistan or hilly area;
The barrage zone; and
The low lands riverine area.
For instance, taluka Kotri of Jamshoro district has a major part within Kotri North
Block. Overall, taluka Kotri has sandy plains and a barren rocky terrain to traverse.
Small hills, nais and dhoros (perennial rivers) add beauty to the landscape. Collectively,
the Kohistan region consists of a range of limestone hills, known as Kirthar Range. It
extends along the whole western boundary of the district. In Sehwan taluka it spread
out and approach Lakhi hills, which start near Sehwan and run south along the
western boundary of the district therefore most of the Sehwan taluka area is hilly in
general.
Hyderabad district is the part of the lower Indus plain conformed of vast alluvial
along the course of the Indus River. The Indus bifurcates the district of Jamshoro from
Hyderabad and stretches the western flanks of the district and is surrounded by
riverine forests. There are no mountains or hills anywhere in the districts except some
small hillocks and off shoot of Kirthar limestone (of middle Eocene) range known as
Ganjo Takkar located in Hyderabad district. They run parallel to the river Indus for
about 22 km south of Hyderabad city. The highest point in these hillocks is known as
“Gaho” which is about 75 m above mean sea level (msl). There are also two small
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hillocks on the north of Tando M. Khan town. They are named Budhaka Takkar. The
rest of the district is a fertile plain with an average elevation of about 50 m above msl.
Overall, the north western area of the Kotri North Block is a hilly tract known as
Kohistan tract. These hills are the extension of the Kirthar Range. It has been described
as succession of broad valleys laying between ranges of hills running generally north
and south. The valleys are more or less level and fairly covered with grass or
brushwood. The hills are bare and mostly composed of limestone. Southwards the
area degenerates into sandy formations, uncultivated and almost devoid of vegetation,
but much broken up by short ranges of low, stony hills and intersected by nais (locally
called meaning torrent beds) which carry the drainage of the Kohistan to the Indus.
6.1.2 Geology & Geomorphology
The Indus Delta is formed as a result of sediment trapping of the river Indus into the
Arabian Sea for millions of years. The geological history of the river Indus is
associated with the rapid tectonic uplift in the region which has led to the formation of
Himalayan Mountains. The geology of Hyderabad district comprises of sedimentary
and volcanic rocks which is quaternary in nature. The district has loamy and clayey
part saline floodplain soils of the arid zone.
Kotri North Block is majorly covered under the Eocene sedimentary and
unconsolidated surfical deposits of silt, sand and gravel geologic formations belonging
to the Tertiary and Quaternary ages respectively. The area is also rich in coal deposits
with the coal field being explored currently for coal reservoirs. Coal is associated with
basal part of laterite where a sequence of lateritic clay and shale with beds of
arenaceous sandstone of Laki Formation, named as Sonhari member of early Eocene
age is found. Laki formation attains a thickness of 55 m near Thatta however, the later
sequence of Laki Formation is mainly composed of nodular limestone with shale and
sandstone. The Sonhari coal is of poor quality lignite with high Sulphur. Sonhari
member varies in thickness from 10 – 30 m. The meting limestone and Shale member
consists mainly of creamy white nodular limestone with subordinate sandstone in the
upper part. The shale is grey, greenish yellow, weathering dark rusty brown
ferruginous and gypsiferous. The limestone is thin bedded and arenaceous whereas
the sandstone is commonly ferruginous. Meting member is about 70 m thick at the
type locality (Siddiqui, 2007).
6.1.3 Stratigraphy
The Kotri North Block is located in southern Indus basin and over lower Indus trough
and Nabisar slope. The project area under consideration for EIA is predominantly
located over the lower Indus trough. The general stratigraphy of the lower Indus basin
is comprised of Pliocene Swaliks up to Jurassic carbonates. The stratigraphic sequence
change drastically from the west to the east. The Pub, Mughal Kot and Parh formation
of the Cretaceous age pinch out in the eastern lower Indus basin.
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6.1.4 Soils
Clay and sand are principal ingredients of the soil of Kotri North Block and one of the
two factors by which the composition of the various soils is differentiated is the extent
to which the clay or the sand predominates.
The soil of Kotri North Block is mostly loamy and clayey soil with patches of gravely
land and salt as well as seasonally affected soil. In some places of the block, the soil of
is mostly loamy with seasonally flooded soil. According to Soil Map of Sindh, Survey
of Pakistan, soil types in Kotri North Block is provided below:
Rough mountain land;
Gravelly land and rock land;
Loamy soil;
Clayey soil;
Seasonally flooded soil; and
Salt affected soil.
The texture of soils in the project area ranges from loamy saline, silty to gravely,
mainly loamy and clayey soils in the inland areas. The soil in the project area,
especially those areas covered under the lower Indus basin consists mainly of loamy
and clayey soils.
These soils have little or no salinity (0 to 4dSm‐1) and are moderately alkaline (pH of
7.9 to 8.4). The soils are generally non‐saline, non‐sodic except local saline patches in
inter‐dunal valleys and some parts of the alluvial plain.
6.1.5 Land Capability
Different land use potentials were identified on the basis of their characteristics or on
the basis of other external limiting factors such as aridity and erosion etc. The potential
land use for the soil regimes within the Kotri North Block has been identified in this
study using the map of Land Capability for Sindh, Survey of Pakistan. This
classification is expected to help in the management of soils in the area and for further
planning on land use within the project area. Classes of land capability in Kotri North
Block falls in Class I, II, III, VII and VIII. Description of these classification of land
capability is presented below:
Class I – Very good (loamy) irrigated crop land;
Class II – Good (predominantly clayey) irrigated crop land;
Class III & VII – Complex of mainly moderate flood‐watered crop land and some
poor (sandy) grazing land;
Class VIII – Agricultural unproductive open water and marsh. Agricultural
unproductive (mountainous) land; and
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Class VIII & VII – Complex of agricultural unproductive (rock) land and some
poor grazing (gravely) land.
6.1.6 Petroleum Play
The early Cretaceous shale of the Sembar Formation are the source rocks which
charged the hydrocarbon pools on the Thar slope and the Karachi trough. The close
vicinity of the block to the petroleum producing province and the lateral continuity of
the early Cretaceous Lower Goru clastics ensure the presence of good quality reservoir
horizons in this basin. The prospective play types comprise the tilted fault blocks and
associated rollovers.
6.1.7 Seismicity
Based on the seismic zoning map of Pakistan issued by the Geophysical Centre Quetta,
the entire Kotri North Block falls under Zone 2A with minor to moderate damage
category of earthquakes and a ground acceleration level of 0.08 to 0.16 g. Seismic map
of the Kotri North Block with respect to other seismic zones of Pakistan is shown in
Figure 6‐3.
6.1.8 Climate and Meteorology
a. Climatic Classification
The climate of the entire Kotri North Block is intensively hot in summer and cold
enough in winter. The salient feature of climate is the high variability in temperature
in different areas within the project area. Shamshad (1956) has classified the climate of
Pakistan on the basis of characteristic seasons found in the country. Taking into
account topography, proximity to the sea, rainfall, temperature and winds, Shamshad
has defined eleven climatic zones for Pakistan. Under his scheme, the climate of the
project area is classified as ‘Subtropical Double Season”, which may further be
subdivided into hot land and coast land. The characteristic features of hot land
climatic zone is low rainfall, (less than 250 millimeters per annum) absence of a well‐
defined rainy season, and high temperatures that increase from east to west. Whereas,
features of the coast land climatic zone include occurrence of afternoon sea breeze, low
rainfall (less than 250 mm per annum) with moderate and high temperatures in coastal
and inland areas respectively.
Rasul and Chaudhry (2004) classified the climate of Pakistan on the basis of moisture
index. They reported that two third of the country has arid to semiarid climate type.
According to them most of the southern half lies under arid climate thus Kotri North
Block as well which falls into Jamshoro, Hyderabad and Matiari districts of Sindh
province. Average secondary meteorological data of Hyderabad district for last decade
(2009 – 2018), which is broadly applicable to the entire stretch of Kotri North Block
(E.L. 2568‐21) is presented in Table 6‐1 whereas, graphically shown in Figure 6‐1 and
Figure 6‐2. Figure 6‐1 represents the average temperature in °C including minimum,
maximum and average whereas Figure 6‐2 shows the average rainfall in mm, average
humidity in % and average windspeed in kmph.
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b. Temperature
Interpretation of the available meteorological data shows that the Kotri North Block
experiences extreme hot temperatures where mean daily maximum temperatures can
go up to 48°C and even beyond due to the direction of sea breeze from west to east.
According to available meteorological information, hottest months of the year are
May, June and July. Coldest months of the year are December, January and February.
The climate of the project area is extreme and is characterized by hot summers and
moderately cold winters. The average temperature for the year stands at 29°C
whereas, mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures remain above 42°C in
June and above 13°C in January respectively. Table 6‐1 shows average monthly
maximum and minimum temperature recorded during past decade i.e. 2009 – 2018 at
PBO Hyderabad.
c. Rainfall
Available meteorological information shows that the average annual rainfall in the
project area is only about 6 millimetres. Complete record of average monthly
precipitation for last ten years (2009 – 2018) is also presented in the Table 6‐1. Project
area is situated in arid and semiarid zone of Pakistan and hence, prone to drought.
Careful analysis of met data shows that the wind in the project area during the past
era was blowing from all four directions, but it now blows from one side only, which
shows climatic change. Now the rains occur from the sea. These rains contain salt
concentration that impairs the soil fertility/quality and cause water‐logging in
agricultural zones of the project area. Due to lot of precipitation from oceanic origin,
the land gets degraded which ultimately affects the crop yield in the area of influence.
d. Relative Humidity
Interpretation of available meteorological data shows that the area experiences
relatively medium humidity. The average minimum humidity for last decade (2009 –
2018) at Hyderabad was recorded during month of December which is 25.3% at 0000
UTC and maximum humidity was recorded in month of May was 58.7% at 1200 UTC.
e. Wind Speed
Average wind speed in entire project area is very erratic. According to available
information, wind speed of the project area could reach up to averagely 25 kmph in
the hotter months of the years which ultimately generate high speed gusts however, in
winter months the average wind speed remain in‐between 8 – 13 kmph.
f. Sun Hours
Available meteorological data (2009 – 2018) of Hyderabad district shows that average
sun hours in January are around 258 hours whereas, during the peak summer time are
around 387.2 hours (in May). Average sun hours of Hyderabad district is also
presented in Table 6‐1.
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g. Climatic Change
Careful analysis of climatic conditions of the area reveals that annual rainfall may
continue to increase during the coming years with a rate of 5% per decade subjecting
this region to flooding risks. Various studies show that the winter rainfall is
continuously decreasing with a significant rate by every passing year. However, the
spring rainfall is continuously increasing while the summer (monsoon) rainfall rates
show increasing trend while, the fall season indicates a continuous decreasing trend.
As a whole, rainfall in winter and fall is on a decreasing trend, whereas spring and
summer rains are increasing.
From the temperature perspective it was revealed that annual average temperature is
increasing globally by about 0.8° Celsius due to global warming and other
contributing environmental factors. The duration of winters is decreasing slightly
shaping a longer span for summers.
6.1.9 Ambient Noise & Air Quality
a. Ambient Noise
Sources of noise during proposed exploration and associated development activities
will be generators, vehicles, drilling rig, flaring during well testing and construction
equipment and machinery. These sources of noise can be categorized as short term
and intermittent arising from proposed project activities. Increased noise levels during
the operations although will not accumulate but can individually be a source of
nuisance for locals and a source of disturbance to the existing wildlife.
There are no continuous major sources of noise in the project area. Existing sources of
noise in the project area are farm tractors & related equipment and vehicles.
Considering the intermittent nature of these noise sources, it can be presumed that the
noise pollution in the area is low.
Ambient noise levels were monitored through Sound Meter 840029 and Garmin GPS
etrex 10 and their results are shown in the Table 6‐3. Figure 6‐5 shows the sampling
locations to record ambient noise levels in the project area. Noise monitoring locations
were randomly selected during the field visit of the area in different habitats. On the
basis of the investigation/results, it is concluded that ambient noise level in the project
area is of low level.
b. Ambient Air Quality
Due to the absence of typical sources like industrial and heavy vehicular emissions of
air pollution within Kotri North Block, the ambient air quality of the area may be
regarded as pristine with respect to the presence of air borne pollutants. Dust storms
or strong winds during summer generate limited dust emissions, vehicles travelling
on existing road network in and adjacent areas also generate limited amounts of dust.
These dust emissions, however, apart from being a nuisance, do not pose any threat to
human health. Proposed exploration and associated development activities may be a
source of dust emission but activities will be well planned/designed and every effort
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will be made as recommended in this EIA to alleviate the adverse impact on
environment, thus not significantly deteriorating ambient air quality.
6.1.10 Water Resources
a. Surface Water Resources
The Kotri North Block lies in the Lower Indus Basin of Sindh province where surface
hydrology is predominantly influenced by the Indus River. The lower Indus basin is
drained mainly by the Indus River and its tributaries including various hill torrents
from the west which flow only in the period of heavy rain from north to south‐west
direction.
Indus River & Associated Irrigation Network
The Indus provides the key water resources for the economy of the area– especially
the Breadbasket of Punjab province, which accounts for most of the nationʹs
agricultural production and Sindh. The river also supports many heavy industries and
provides the main supply of potable water in Sindh. The Indus is one of the few rivers
in the world that exhibit a tidal bore. The Indus system is largely fed by the snows and
glaciers of the Himalayas, Karakoram and the Hindu Kush ranges of Tibet, the state of
Jammu and Kashmir and the Northern Areas of Pakistan respectively. The flow of the
river is also determined by the seasons – It diminishes greatly in the winter, while
flooding its banks in the monsoon months from July to September. There is also
evidence of a steady shift in the course of the river since prehistoric times – It deviated
westwards from flowing into the Runn of Kutch and adjoining Banni grasslands after
the 1816 earthquake (wikipedia).
The irrigation system of Sindh is entirely dependent on the Indus River for supplies of
water downstream of the area. Riverine tract of the Indus River occupies a special
significance in the ecology of Sindh. Expansion of agriculture and subsequent
industrial development led to the need for conserving water for agriculture purpose
and power generation through construction of reservoirs on the river Indus and its
tributaries with associated irrigation canal networks. A number of dams, head works,
barrages and diversion canals have been constructed on Indus River and its tributaries
from 1886 to 1993.
The first barrage on the river Indus was commissioned in 1932 (Sukkur Barrage)
followed by Kotri (Ghulam Muhammad Barrage) and Guddu in 1955 and 1962
respectively (Osmani, 2003). Irrigation canals from mainly Kotri Barrage (Ghulam
Muhammad Barrage, 1955) and partly from Sukkur Barrage (1932) irrigate the project
area.
There are four feeders which originate from Kotri Barrage including Akram Wah, New
Fuleli, Old Fuleli and Kalri Baghar (KB) feeder. KB feeder with command area 637,041
square miles serves irrigation network in and near the project area. The water channels
exist within the project area and close vicinities are Pannu canal, Khasino wah,
Budhapur minor, Buhara distributary, Jam wah, Qubi minor and Sonda distributary.
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b. Groundwater
Generally, groundwater becomes saline downstream of Hyderabad. This is because of
the recent shift (in terms of geological times) of the Arabian Sea which used to be
further southwards until Hyderabad some 12,000 years ago. The areas with saline
groundwater show higher concentration of chlorine compared to carbonates and
bicarbonates suggesting that some millennia ago the area was submerged into
seawater.
Though meandering of the river Indus had diluted the brackish water, but 800 years of
deserting by the Indus River had allowed saline water down below to displace fresh
water of Indus River by various processes including seawater encroachment, surface
water evaporation and dilution. Hydro‐geological investigations carried out by the
Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) on the eastern side of the Indus
River reveals that freshwater is available at shallow depths in Hyderabad district up to
60 m. It becomes saline to highly saline as one moves south to the coastal areas.
Groundwater occurs under water table condition at depths varying from 3 m to 10 m.
Water resources map of Kotri North Block is provided in Figure 6‐4.
c. Water quality
Water quality analysis was carried out in the project area as part of the EIA study. For
this purpose five water samples were taken from various sources being used by locals
for drinking purposes. These sources include three hand pumps and two surface water
samples. Out of these two surface water samples, one was taken from Indus River
crossing the project area and water of the river is being consumed for drinking
purposes by the local communities residing on the banks of the river. Sixteen (16)
parameters were analysed in each sample and thereafter compared with Sindh
Standards for Drinking Water Quality (SSDWQ). All these parameters of water play
an important role, especially in determining its quality and suitability for intended
use. The lab results are provided in Table 6‐2 and sampling location of water samples
are also marked in Figure 6‐4. Based upon chemical analysis test results it may be
concluded that water quality is not satisfactory for drinking purposes.
At present, sources of water contamination are open defecation, uncontrolled disposal
of domestic and livestock wastes, uncontrolled use of pesticides and chemicals in
agricultural fields by local communities however, no quantitative analysis of the
extent of this contamination is available.
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Table 6‐1: Meteorological Data of Hyderabad District, 2009 – 2018
Month/Year
Parameters
Average Temperature (°C) Avg. Rainfall in
mm
Humidity in
%
Avg. Wind in
kmph
Avg. Sun
hours Maximum Minimum Average
2009
Jan 25 14 19 1.32 38 11.3 252.5
Feb 32 17 24 0 32 9.4 280
Mar 37 21 29 0.51 29 10.1 308.5
Apr 41 24 32 0.02 22 12.4 327.5
May 46 28 36 0 36 15.1 387.5
Jun 44 29 35 5.43 44 15.5 364.5
Jul 42 30 35 5.51 51 15.9 371
Aug 40 28 33 0.45 54 15.7 318.5
Sep 41 27 33 0 47 14.5 300
Oct 40 22 30 0 27 8.2 265
Nov 33 18 24 0 23 8.9 225
Dec 28 14 19 0 27 10.2 229.5
2010
Jan 27 12 19 0.34 32 9.3 265
Feb 30 15 22 2.13 30 9.9 276
Mar 40 22 30 0 31 11.3 310
Apr 43 25 34 0 30 14.8 319.5
May 45 28 36 0 35 16.5 387.5
Jun 43 29 35 7.04 44 17 369
Jul 40 29 34 36.36 56 12.7 347
Aug 38 28 32 48.26 64 11.6 300
Sep 39 26 32 13.71 51 10.1 288
Oct 40 23 30 0.05 37 8.8 265
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Month/Year
Parameters
Average Temperature (°C) Avg. Rainfall in
mm
Humidity in
%
Avg. Wind in
kmph
Avg. Sun
hours Maximum Minimum Average
Nov 32 18 24 0.04 27 9.9 225
Dec 27 11 17 0 24 10.1 232.5
2011
Jan 26 11 17 0.07 26 10.3 262.5
Feb 29 15 21 0.22 39 10.3 276
Mar 37 20 28 0.05 28 10.9 302.5
Apr 41 23 31 0.14 27 11.1 323.5
May 43 27 34 0.07 47 21.6 387.5
Jun 42 29 35 1.69 48 24.7 373.5
Jul 39 29 34 21.38 53 22.2 377
Aug 36 28 31 139.07 65 17.2 282
Sep 34 27 30 108.85 68 16.1 250.5
Oct 36 24 29 0 40 12.1 267.5
Nov 33 23 27 0.16 38 10.2 219.5
Dec 27 15 20 0 24 12.3 232.5
2012
Jan 24 12 17 0.01 34 12.1 256.5
Feb 26 13 19 0 22 13 290
Mar 35 20 27 0 26 13.3 308.5
Apr 40 26 33 1.88 29 14.7 326
May 43 28 35 2.77 39 19.7 386
Jun 42 28 34 0.67 52 27.2 373.5
Jul 40 28 33 0.92 56 28.1 386
Aug 38 28 32 7.77 57 22.9 339
Sep 37 28 32 17.45 55 16 270
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Month/Year
Parameters
Average Temperature (°C) Avg. Rainfall in
mm
Humidity in
%
Avg. Wind in
kmph
Avg. Sun
hours Maximum Minimum Average
Oct 37 24 30 0.28 32 10.6 265
Nov 32 20 26 0 27 9 225
Dec 27 15 20 0.47 27 12.5 232.5
2013
Jan 26 13 18 0 25 11.7 260
Feb 28 16 21 4.93 33 14.8 275.5
Mar 35 22 28 0.05 24 13 306
Apr 39 26 32 1.72 32 15.8 326
May 43 28 35 0 35 23.7 387.5
Jun 41 30 35 2.38 47 22.7 369
Jul 40 30 34 0.45 54 24.9 372
Aug 37 28 32 34.57 60 21.6 312
Sep 39 27 33 0.43 48 17.8 300
Oct 38 20 32 0.28 39 11.5 265
Nov 32 15 25 0 27 9.9 225
Dec 27 11 20 0 31 11.1 232.5
2014
Jan 24 11 17 0 28 12.9 257.5
Feb 28 15 21 0 29 13.2 280
Mar 34 21 27 2.18 26 12.8 306
Apr 40 26 33 2.11 30 16.2 325
May 42 29 35 0.71 37 22.1 387.5
Jun 43 30 36 0.13 47 29.1 370.5
Jul 40 29 34 3.89 55 27 381.5
Aug 38 28 32 1.52 55 22.8 336
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Month/Year
Parameters
Average Temperature (°C) Avg. Rainfall in
mm
Humidity in
%
Avg. Wind in
kmph
Avg. Sun
hours Maximum Minimum Average
Sep 38 27 32 1.21 55 20.8 297
Oct 38 25 31 0.55 31 11.6 265
Nov 33 21 26 0 30 10.7 225
Dec 27 15 20 0 23 11.4 231
2015
Jan 26 14 19 0.19 35 10.8 262.5
Feb 30 19 24 1.45 34 13.4 269.5
Mar 35 23 28 0.27 28 13.4 308.5
Apr 41 28 34 0.68 29 18 320.5
May 44 30 36 1.12 37 24.8 387.5
Jun 42 32 36 21.53 43 21.1 364.5
Jul 37 29 33 54.3 61 30 347.5
Aug 37 28 31 1.85 60 28 331
Sep 38 27 32 2.28 50 19.2 291
Oct 38 27 32 0.32 35 14.7 276.5
Nov 32 22 26 0 22 12.2 225
Dec 27 16 21 0.55 22 10.2 229.5
2016
Jan 27 16 21 0 34 10 262.5
Feb 30 18 23 0 18 10.8 290
Mar 36 25 30 2.27 30 15.2 307
Apr 40 27 33 0.38 29 17.7 314
May 42 29 35 1.24 42 27.4 387.5
Jun 43 30 36 0 45 24.8 372
Jul 39 30 34 9.77 57 25.2 341
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Month/Year
Parameters
Average Temperature (°C) Avg. Rainfall in
mm
Humidity in
%
Avg. Wind in
kmph
Avg. Sun
hours Maximum Minimum Average
Aug 38 29 33 9.42 57 20.8 319.5
Sep 39 27 32 0 54 24.1 300
Oct 38 26 31 0 44 14.4 262.5
Nov 34 21 26 0 25 8.7 225
Dec 31 19 24 0 28 8.8 232.5
2017
Jan 25 15 19 1.31 32 11.7 263.5
Feb 30 18 23 1.23 19 11.3 275.5
Mar 36 23 29 0.2 25 12.7 308.5
Apr 42 27 34 1.16 28 19.6 327.5
May 44 30 36 0 38 23.4 387.5
Jun 41 30 35 0.41 51 26.5 351
Jul 37 30 33 12.48 58 25.4 362
Aug 37 29 33 17.04 55 24.5 321
Sep 38 28 32 9.25 50 18.4 295.5
Oct 38 27 32 0 32 12.2 265
Nov 32 21 26 0 23 9 225
Dec 27 17 21 0.01 21 12.4 231
2018
Jan 28 17 21 0 28 8.7 265
Feb 31 20 25 0 26 10.1 278.5
Mar 36 24 30 0 27 13.8 306
Apr 41 28 34 0.13 25 16.9 320.5
May 44 31 37 0 27 19.6 386
Jun 41 30 35 0.05 49 28 368
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Month/Year
Parameters
Average Temperature (°C) Avg. Rainfall in
mm
Humidity in
%
Avg. Wind in
kmph
Avg. Sun
hours Maximum Minimum Average
Jul 38 29 33 0.27 57 28.6 375.5
Aug 36 28 31 3.84 60 27.8 326
Sep 37 26 31 0.06 54 22.9 298.5
Oct 40 31 37 0.1 25 12.4 262
Nov 35 27 32 0 22 8.9 217.5
Dec 29 20 26 0 26 9.7 232.5
Source: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/hyderabad‐weather‐averages/sindh/pk.aspx
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 102 HPK
Table 6‐2: Water Quality within Project Area
No. Water Parameters Units LOD Concentration
Sample 1 (HP) Sample 2 (HP) Sample 3 (HP) Sample 4 (SW)* Sample 5 (SW)
1. pH … … 7.52 7.22 6.81 7.31 7.28
1. TDS mg/l 1.0 5 17 9 46 54
2. TSS mg/l 0.5 802 538 7675 226 171
3. Chloride (Cl‐1) mg/l 2.0 30.25 49.54 1162.75 20.36 9.69
4. T. Hardness μg/ml … 266.23 459.13 2269.51 156.18 124.02
5. Calcium μg/ml … 45.53 129.78 421.15 45.30 35.53
6. Magnesium μg/ml … 35.35 32.86 296.74 10.47 8.58
7. Fluoride (F)* mg/l 0.05 0.41 0.33 2.86 0.57 0.55
8. Sulphate μg/ml … 188.76 107.22 1660.20 45.48 30.05
9. Lead (Pb) μg/ml 0.04 ND ND ND ND ND
10. Arsenic (As) ppb 0.75 ND 14.20 ND ND 1.73
11. Cadmium (Cd) μg/ml 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND
12. Nickel (Ni) μg/ml 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND
13. Phenolic compounds mg/l 0.1 ND 0.33 ND ND 0.55
14. Nitrate (NO3)* mg/l 3.0 ND ND ND ND ND
15. Iron μg/ml 0.02 0.09 0.16 ND 0.08 0.52
Notes:
*: Surface water from Indus River
HP: Hand pump
SW: Surface water
ND: Not detected
LOD: Limit of determination
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 103 HPK
Table 6‐3: Ambient Noise Levels Monitoring
No. Location
Noise Level (dB) Latitude Longitude
1. 22° 24ʹ 21.1ʹʹ 68° 29ʹ 20.8ʹʹ 53.7
2. 25° 45ʹ 11.1ʹʹ 68° 28ʹ 40.3ʹʹ 54.1
3. 25° 45ʹ 10.9ʹʹ 68° 28ʹ 21.0ʹʹ 75.4
4. 25° 45ʹ 08.4ʹʹ 68° 27ʹ 45.1ʹʹ 54.8
5. 25° 45ʹ 07.7ʹʹ 68° 27ʹ 19.3ʹʹ 52.5
6. 25° 44ʹ 48.9ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 31.8ʹʹ 56.8
7. 25° 45ʹ 29.0ʹʹ 68° 23ʹ 48.4ʹʹ 59.8
8. 25° 46ʹ 02.2ʹʹ 68° 23ʹ 28.1ʹʹ 53.2
9. 25° 37ʹ 51.2ʹʹ 68° 32ʹ 36.4ʹʹ 54.1
10. 25° 34ʹ 54.6ʹʹ 68° 29ʹ 22.6ʹʹ 63.8
11. 25° 33ʹ 58.9ʹʹ 68° 30ʹ 58.4ʹʹ 55.6
12. 25° 32ʹ 50.6ʹʹ 68° 32ʹ 50.4ʹʹ 56.2
13. 25° 31ʹ 05.9ʹʹ 68° 33ʹ 12.3ʹʹ 60.7
14. 25° 30ʹ 03.9ʹʹ 68° 35ʹ 15.9ʹʹ 55.7
15. 25° 28ʹ 16.2ʹʹ 68° 35ʹ 21.8ʹʹ 60.1
16. 25° 26ʹ 51.2ʹʹ 68° 35ʹ 38.2ʹʹ 56.2
17. 25° 25ʹ 41.0ʹʹ 68° 32ʹ 21.8ʹʹ 66.5
18. 25° 28ʹ 15.3ʹʹ 68° 27ʹ 43.7ʹʹ 55.7
19. 25° 28ʹ 29.6ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 32.9ʹʹ 53.5
20. 25° 28ʹ 16.4ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 37.5ʹʹ 53.7
21. 25° 28ʹ 59.4ʹʹ 68° 25ʹ 58.7ʹʹ 53.1
22. 25° 29ʹ 01.9ʹʹ 68° 25ʹ 56.0ʹʹ 58.8
23. 25° 29ʹ 20.4ʹʹ 68° 25ʹ 20.6ʹʹ 63.2
24. 25° 36ʹ 23.8ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 01.2ʹʹ 62.7
25. 25° 36ʹ 25.0ʹʹ 68° 25ʹ 47.3ʹʹ 54.8
26. 25° 36ʹ 15.0ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 11.0ʹʹ 56.8
27. 25° 28ʹ 47.1ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 19.8ʹʹ 55.3
28. 25° 27ʹ 41.5ʹʹ 68° 28ʹ 14.1ʹʹ 54.7
29. 25° 26ʹ 13.9ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 10.5ʹʹ 53.9
30. 25° 28ʹ 16.6ʹʹ 68° 22ʹ 45.1ʹʹ 52.5
31. 25° 25ʹ 52.3ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 04.6ʹʹ 51.6
32. 25° 26ʹ 42.2ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 42.1ʹʹ 50.9
33. 25° 33ʹ 29.2ʹʹ 68° 15ʹ 38.9ʹʹ 55.3
34. 25° 33ʹ 42.9ʹʹ 68° 14ʹ 51.3ʹʹ 51.8
35. 25° 34ʹ 45.3ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 46.8ʹʹ 68.6
36. 25° 37ʹ 51.1ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 06.4ʹʹ 64.7
37. 25° 38ʹ 57.2ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 07.3ʹʹ 61.3
38. 25° 38ʹ 30.1ʹʹ 68° 17ʹ 50.5ʹʹ 53.7
39. 25° 37ʹ 34.4ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 15.2ʹʹ 58.4
40. 25° 35ʹ 04.9ʹʹ 68° 20ʹ 19.4ʹʹ 60.9
41. 25° 35ʹ 34.4ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 37.3ʹʹ 56.6
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 104 HPK
No. Location
Noise Level (dB) Latitude Longitude
42. 25° 35ʹ 11.5ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 55.2ʹʹ 53.5
43. 25° 28ʹ 45.5ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 19.6ʹʹ 62.5
44. 25° 28ʹ 48.6ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 54.0ʹʹ 58.8
45. 25° 29ʹ 16.8ʹʹ 68° 17ʹ 07.0ʹʹ 53.6
46. 25° 30ʹ 59.4ʹʹ 68° 17ʹ 30.9ʹʹ 52.5
47. 25° 30ʹ 58.6ʹʹ 68° 17ʹ 41.5ʹʹ 59.4
48. 25° 30ʹ 10.5ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 37.6ʹʹ 53.7
49. 25° 30ʹ 08.2ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 55.0ʹʹ 53.2
50. 25° 28ʹ 32.1ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 16.8ʹʹ 64.1
51. 25° 24ʹ 04.0ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 52.3ʹʹ 66.2
52. 25° 21ʹ 32.4ʹʹ 68° 12ʹ 09.5ʹʹ 62.4.
53. 25° 21ʹ 35.0ʹʹ 68° 12ʹ 14.2ʹʹ 59.3
54. 25° 23ʹ 12.2ʹʹ 68° 14ʹ 47.4ʹʹ 61.6
55. 25° 24ʹ 13.4ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 24.4ʹʹ 52.6
56. 25° 24ʹ 44.1ʹʹ 68° 19ʹ 04.6ʹʹ 62.5
57. 25° 24ʹ 26.4ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 00.9ʹʹ 65.6
58. 25° 24ʹ 46.5ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 15.2ʹʹ 66.1
59. 25° 23ʹ 03.8ʹʹ 68° 21ʹ 18.3ʹʹ 63.6
60. 25° 23ʹ 05.8ʹʹ 68° 20ʹ 36.4ʹʹ 66.2
61. 25° 23ʹ 20.6ʹʹ 68° 20ʹ 26.1ʹʹ 67.7
62. 25° 24ʹ 13.8ʹʹ 68° 19ʹ 37.6ʹʹ 68.5
63. 25° 24ʹ 09.5ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 39.1ʹʹ 69.3
64. 25° 42ʹ 33.9ʹʹ 68° 30ʹ 06.6ʹʹ 51.4
65. 25° 43ʹ 02.2ʹʹ 68° 29ʹ 39.3ʹʹ 53.1
66. 25° 46ʹ 03.7ʹʹ 68° 23ʹ 20.6ʹʹ 50.8
67. 25° 45ʹ 09.9ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 20.2ʹʹ 51.7
68. 25° 37ʹ 47.9ʹʹ 68° 32ʹ 33.8ʹʹ 53.4
69. 25° 36ʹ 28.6ʹʹ 68° 31ʹ 25.7ʹʹ 52.2
70. 25° 34ʹ 54.0ʹʹ 68° 29ʹ 38.8ʹʹ 56.8
71. 25° 34ʹ 48.6ʹʹ 68° 29ʹ 51.7ʹʹ 60.8
72. 25° 34ʹ 14.1ʹʹ 68° 30ʹ 51.9ʹʹ 63.3
73. 25° 32ʹ 02.7ʹʹ 68° 33ʹ 14.3ʹʹ 55.2
74. 25° 31ʹ 05.9ʹʹ 68° 33ʹ 12.3ʹʹ 58.9
75. 25° 30ʹ 39.4ʹʹ 68° 32ʹ 58.3ʹʹ 51.5
76. 25° 25ʹ 48.6ʹʹ 68° 32ʹ 40.9ʹʹ 64.7
77. 25° 25ʹ 44.1ʹʹ 68° 27ʹ 35.9ʹʹ 52.3
78. 25° 28ʹ 45.4ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 20.0ʹʹ 53.2
79. 25° 29ʹ 20.4ʹʹ 68° 25ʹ 20.6ʹʹ 54.4
80. 25° 32ʹ 27.7ʹʹ 68° 26ʹ 08.1ʹʹ 68.9
81. 25° 34ʹ 41.2ʹʹ 68° 28ʹ 37.6ʹʹ 55.7
82. 25° 36ʹ 16.3ʹʹ 68° 27ʹ 12.4ʹʹ 73.6
83. 25° 31ʹ 46.9ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 52.5ʹʹ 71.8
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 105 HPK
No. Location
Noise Level (dB) Latitude Longitude
84. 25° 33ʹ 06.6ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 53.5ʹʹ 52.9
85. 25° 38ʹ 07.3ʹʹ 68° 18ʹ 06.9ʹʹ 64.8
86. 25° 33ʹ 05.7ʹʹ 68° 17ʹ 58.9ʹʹ 59.7
87. 25° 29ʹ 11.5ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 19.3ʹʹ 64.9
88. 25° 27ʹ 15.0ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 20.7ʹʹ 63.7
89. 25° 21ʹ 48.2ʹʹ 68° 12ʹ 19.2ʹʹ 75.3
90. 25° 22ʹ 15.4ʹʹ 68° 13ʹ 11.6ʹʹ 59.6
91. 25° 24ʹ 20.0ʹʹ 68° 17ʹ 52.2ʹʹ 72.2
92. 25° 24ʹ 46.1ʹʹ 68° 16ʹ 14.7ʹʹ 73.8
93. 25° 50ʹ 15.6ʹʹ 68° 04ʹ 24.0ʹʹ 53.1
94. 25° 47ʹ 17.5ʹʹ 68° 11ʹ 02.0ʹʹ 49.4
95. 25° 43ʹ 41.7ʹʹ 68° 10ʹ 27.6ʹʹ 58.6
96. 25° 47ʹ 55.8ʹʹ 68° 15ʹ 46.0ʹʹ 54.8
97. 25° 52ʹ 05.9ʹʹ 68° 14ʹ 31.5ʹʹ 60.2
Note: All locations were randomly selected in day time within the project area.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 106 HPK
Figure 6‐1: Graphical Representation of Average Temperatures in Hyderabad, 2009 – 2018
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Jan, 09
Apr, 09
Jul, 09
Oct, 09
Jan, 10
Apr, 10
Jul, 10
Oct, 10
Jan, 11
Apr, 11
Jul, 11
Oct, 11
Jan, 12
Apr, 12
Jul, 12
Oct, 12
Jan, 13
Apr, 13
Jul, 13
Oct, 13
Jan, 14
Apr, 14
Jul, 14
Oct, 14
Jan, 15
Apr, 15
Jul, 15
Oct, 15
Jan, 16
Apr, 16
Jul, 16
Oct, 16
Jan, 17
Apr, 17
Jul, 17
Oct, 17
Jan, 18
Apr, 18
Jul, 18
Oct, 18
Average Temperature (°C) Maximum Average Temperature (°C) Minimum Average Temperature (°C) Average
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 107 HPK
Figure 6‐2: Graphical Representation of Hyderabad Climatic Data, 2009 – 2018
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140Mar, 09
Jun, 09
Sep
, 09
Dec, 09
Mar, 10
Jun, 10
Sep
, 10
Dec, 10
Mar, 11
Jun, 11
Sep
, 11
Dec, 11
Mar, 12
Jun, 12
Sep
, 12
Dec, 12
Mar, 13
Jun, 13
Sep
, 13
Dec, 13
Mar, 14
Jun, 14
Sep
, 14
Dec, 14
Mar, 15
Jun, 15
Sep
, 15
Dec, 15
Mar, 16
Jun, 16
Sep
, 16
Dec, 16
Mar, 17
Jun, 17
Sep
, 17
Dec, 17
Mar, 18
Jun, 18
Sep
, 18
Dec, 18
Avg. Rainfall in mm Humidity in % Avg. Wind in kmph
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 63045Km
Project:EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21)
Fig 6-3: Seismic Zone Map of Paksitan
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limitedwww.halcrowpk.com
Zone 2B Zone 2A
Zone 3
Zone 3
Zone 2A
Zone 2B
Zone 2B
Zone 1
Zone 4
Zone 2B
Zone 2B
Zone 4
Zone 4
Zone 3
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 4
Zone 4Zone 4
82°0'0"E
82°0'0"E
80°0'0"E
80°0'0"E
78°0'0"E
78°0'0"E
76°0'0"E
76°0'0"E
74°0'0"E
74°0'0"E
72°0'0"E
72°0'0"E
70°0'0"E
70°0'0"E
68°0'0"E
68°0'0"E
66°0'0"E
66°0'0"E
64°0'0"E
64°0'0"E
62°0'0"E
62°0'0"E3
6°0
'0"N
36
°0'0
"N
34
°0'0
"N
34
°0'0
"N
32
°0'0
"N
32
°0'0
"N
30
°0'0
"N
30
°0'0
"N
28
°0'0
"N
28
°0'0
"N
26
°0'0
"N
26
°0'0
"N
24
°0'0
"N
24
°0'0
"N
KotriNorthBlock
;?N
LegendZone 1 (0.05 to 0.08g)Zone 2A (0.08 to 0.16g)Zone 2B (0.16 to 0.24g)Zone 3 (0.24 to 0.32g)Zone 4 (> 0.32g)
LegendKotri North Block Seismic Zones
Zone 1
Zone 2A
Zone 2B
Zone 3
Zone 4
United Energy Pakistan
h
h
h
h
h
Kotri
Hala
Matiari
Hyderabad
Thatta Latifabad
Tando Adam
Qasimabad
Tando Allahyar
Jamshoro
Matiari
Hyderabad
Thatta
Sanghar
68°30'0"E
68°30'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°10'0"E
68°10'0"E26
°0'0
"N
26°0
'0"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
·0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Km
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited
Fig 6-4: Water Resources Map
Project:EIA for Exploration and AssociatedDevelopment Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21)
Legend
h Water_Sample h Water Sampling Location Nationla Highway
mminor and katcha tracks
Name
Canal
Indus River
Nullah
Project Boundary
District Boundaries
Block Boundary/Project Area
Tehsil Boundaries
Reserve Forest (SOP)
Legendh
Water SamplingLocationNationla HighwayCanal
Indus RiverNullah
BlockBoundary/ProjectAreaReserve Forest(SOP)
Tehsil BoundariesDistrict Boundaries
United EnergyPakistan
!
!!!!!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!!
!!!
!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!
!
!!
!
!!!
! !!
!!
!!
!
!
!!
!
!!
!!
!!!
!!
!!
!
!
!
!
!!!
!
!!
!!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!
!!
!
!
!
!
!
Kotri
Hala
Matiari
Hyderabad
Thatta Latifabad
Tando Adam
Qasimabad
Tando Allahyar
Jamshoro
Matiari
Hyderabad
Sanghar
Thatta68°30'0"E
68°30'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°10'0"E
68°10'0"E26
°0'0
"N
26°0
'0"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
·0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Km
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited
Fig 6-5: Ambient Noise Sampling Location Map of Project AreaProject:EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21)
Legend! new noise locations
!C Well Site
×[ Gas Plant
"" Goth
×k Graveyard
!a Power Plant
Shrine
¥B¢ University
h Water Sample
! Noise Sampling Location
Nationla Highway
mminor and katcha tracks
Project Area Boundary
District Boundaries
Block Boundary/Project Area
Tehsil Boundaries
Reserve Forest (SOP)
LegendBlockBoundary/ProjectArea
District BoundariesTehsil Boundaries
Reserve Forest (SOP)Nationla Highway
!Noise SamplingLocation United Energy
Pakistan
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 111 HPK
Photographs: Physical Environment and Resource of the Project Area
Photograph 6‐1: A view of Indus River Photograph 6‐2: A view of Kotri Barrage
Photograph 6‐3: Agriculture field – dominant
habitat of the project area Photograph 6‐4: Barani agriculture field
Photograph 6‐5: A patch of waste land & fallow
land
Photograph 6‐6: Stony plain of the project area
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 112 HPK
Photograph 6‐7: A view Matiari RF Photograph 6‐8: A view of Salaro Ghotana RF
Photograph 6‐9: Marshy wetland near Goth
Suleman Barejo
Photograph 6‐10: A view of Khasino Canal
(wah)
Photograph 6‐11: A view of Pannu wah Photograph 6‐12: Cemented watercourse –
Tadri Mori
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 113 HPK
Photograph 6‐13: Tube well found in the
project area Photograph 6‐14: A view of Rajani‐7 well site
Photograph 6‐15: Gas Compression Facility
near Rajani‐12 well site
Photograph 6‐16: A view of M9 motorway
entering into project area
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 114 HPK
Biological Environment
This section of the report describes the biological environment of the project area
proposed for exploration and associated development activities falls in Sindh
province. Ecologically, Kotri North Block and its immediate vicinities, is rich in
biodiversity having wide variations in physical features and climate which has
produced diverse landscape, ecosystem and habitats.
6.2.1 Data Sources
The present study of EIA contain data from both secondary and primary sources.
Primary field data of biological environment for the EIA was collected by a team of
wildlife specialist and botanist. Field survey data for the EIA was collected during
August, 2019. The faunal field data collection included traditional wildlife survey
techniques like line transects, incidental sightings and plot searches for birds, reptiles
and mammals. The vegetation survey was carried out by laying 2 x 2 m and 20 x 20 m
quadrates within the study area. The field survey methodologies followed
scientifically established and accepted wildlife and vegetation survey techniques.
Primary data for flora and fauna was collected at various sampling locations of the
project area. The sampling locations were randomly selected ensuring that sufficient
locations were sampled from each habitat and the maximum number of species
belonging to each habitat was identified.
The secondary data was also collected which provides a detailed insight in the
biological environment of the Kotri North Block. For faunal attributes, this mainly
includes work of WWF Pakistan, Sindh Wildlife Department (SWD), Zoological
Survey Department (ZSD) and IUCN Pakistan. Previously conducted IEEs and EIAs in
the region were also consulted for the purpose. For floral attributes, works of Roberts
(1967, 1991 and 1997) and Schaller (1977) were primarily consulted. Information on
other secondary data sources consulted during the current EIA study is provided in
the references section of this EIA report.
6.2.2 Protected/Sensitive Areas
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) encompass several forest protected areas. There are
about 28 reserve forests (all of them are small sized) are falling in the geographical
jurisdiction of the Block (E.L. 2568‐21). These reserve forests includes; Kunar Rishal,
Keti Dallu, Nur Keti, Drabo, Manjhand, Keti Khasai, Unarpur, Rudhapur, Rishal,
Nural Abad, Racho Khanot, Pako Bhanot, Butho, Ranno, Rajri, Salaro Ghotana, Lakha,
Khasai, Ghotana, Murid Rais, Sekhat, Matiari, Miana, Hatri, Muhammad Khan, Bada,
Shah Bukhari and Railo Bada. These reserve forests which were once pristine riverine
forests, now mostly are under cultivation. These reserved forests mostly lie along the
bank of Indus River falling in north‐eastern side of the block. During project execution
Sindh EPA, under Regulations, 2014 and Sindh Forest Department will have the
authority to oversee the conduct of proposed project activities approved by them.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 115 HPK
6.2.3 Biological Habitats
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) is predominantly located in hilly, stony and sandy
plains followed by cultivable land & agricultural fields however, mosaics of micro‐
habitats are also present within and around the study area. On the basis of these main
micro‐habitats present within the project area, it can be divided into four major habitat
types, each of which have its own ecological significance and possess unique floral and
faunal attributes. These are:
Hilly, Stony and Sandy Plains;
Agriculture Fields, Farmlands & Human Settlements;
Indus River/Irrigation Network and Associated Marshes; and
Wastelands & Fallow Lands.
These habitat types will be discussed in detail in later paragraphs while describing
fauna and flora of the entire project area as a whole. During the field visit for EIA a
total of 128 floral species belonging to 37 families, 101 birds, 20 mammals and 20
reptiles were recorded. Complete list of biological attributes is provided in Table 6‐4
(flora) to Table 6‐12 to 6‐14 (fauna).
As mentioned above a total of four major habitats were identified during the field
survey for the study. Classifications of these habitats is discussed separately in the
following sections of this chapter. Information on the key species of flora and fauna
associated with each habitat type has also been discussed as part of the habitat
description.
a. Hilly, Stony and Sandy Plains
This common and most dominant type of habitat is found in the western side of the
project area which mostly falls in geographical jurisdiction of Jamshoro district. The
bottom of hills constitutes stony/sandy plains which get eroded soil and nutrients
from watershed areas. Sometimes they get flooded during heavy rains mainly during
monsoon. However, during most of the dry months, the conditions of these plains are
mainly acute dry. Suitable portions of these stony plains are cultivated and are rain fed
(wherever feasible).
The main floral species, which are stunted and sparse due to overgrazing, include,
Cassia italic, Zizyphus nummularia, Haloxylon salicornicum, Salsola imbricate, Withania
coagulan and Convolvulus spinosus. The wildlife in this arid climate is of special
significance which can survive such harsh climatic conditions.
The typical avian species of this habitat type include See see partridge, Desert
wheatear, Desert lark, Collared dove, Blue rock pigeon, Great grey shrike, Hoopoe and
Common babble. Among them game birds are liked by sport hunters. Among the
mammals, Asiatic jackal, Black napped hare, Desert cat, Indian pangolin and Long
eared desert hedgehog may be mentioned, where enough cover is available for their
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 116 HPK
food and protection. Raptors like Common kestrel and Black kite were noticed
hovering in search of small mammals and rodents.
b. Agriculture Fields, Farmlands & Human Settlements
Second commonly found habitat type comprises of agricultural fields, orchards and
villages located in entire project area except for the main Indus River. The ecology this
built environment has been altered with passage of time through different human
interventions. Most of the riverine forests have been cleared for seasonal agriculture
during the low flow season. These riverine forests were once flourishing now have
almost disappeared due to negligence of relevant authorities and most of the land is
converted into agriculture fields.
Like other such areas, a number of species of mammals, birds and reptiles have
adapted human presence in their neighbourhood and started living in agriculture
fields, planted trees and even in structures. The presence of these species was noticed
by direct sightings or through their discrete calls like doves, sparrows, mynas, bulbuls,
larks and many passeriforms living around human presence. Mammals, which are
nocturnal in nature were noticed through signs of their movement for search of food.
Asiatic jackal, Indian/Bengal fox and Desert cat were noticed through their footprints,
scats and predation on domestic birds and small animals. The small mammals/rodents
were observed through their burrow systems usually in form of colonies. Reptiles
were noticed living in their burrow system, on planted trees and even in
cracks/cavities of buildings/structures.
Besides the weed species, anthropogenic trees species like Acacia nilotica, Azardica
indica, Albizia lebbeck, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Cordia myxa, Dalbergia sissoo and
Zizyphus mauritiana are scattered around the edges of the agricultural fields. These
planted and some natural trees and orchards are the roosting places for raptors
including Common kestrel, Brahminy kite, Black kite, Black‐winged kite, buzzards
and sometimes eagles. These raptors feed upon rodents and small mammals and play
positive role for farmers to reduce their loss.
c. Indus River/Irrigation Network and Associated Marshes
Indus River, the most critical/important ecosystem is located in the north‐eastern and
eastern part of the project area running north south. Indus River, the irrigation system
supported majorly through Kotri Barrage and associated dhands/marshes on banks
which are usually inundated during monsoon. These seasonal floods are very
important for resident wildlife. River Indus is also important for migratory birds,
mainly water‐birds as it is used for navigation and resting ground for winter migrants.
In addition, the important nearby wetlands like Kalri, Haleji and Hadero are also very
important for resident and migratory water‐birds, mainly waterfowls which use these
water bodies for staging during migration and if settled, for entire winter season. The
abundance of different invertebrates, including insects and soil biodiversity coupled
with different palatable floral species, the main source of food for resident and
migratory birds make this habitat rich and important.
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The floral species were observed from this habitat, at the river banks, and riverine
areas which are usually under water during the monsoon floods. Species that grow
around the river and associated marshes include Tamarix indica, Saccharum spontaneum,
Populus euphratica, Saccharum bengalensis, Acacia nilotica and Capparis deciduas etc.
including some submerge species e.g. Phragmites karka, Typha elphentiana and Typha
domingensis.
During the EIA field visit of project area, a good number of resident and migratory
species of birds were recorded along Indus River, supporting irrigation network and
associated dhands/marshes on its both sides.
d. Wastelands & Fallow Lands
Ecologically, this is the least important habitat and was noticed in some parts of the
project area, either in highlands or in shallow lands, in form of small patches. Most of
such areas were being cultivated in the past. However, water‐logging and salinity
have reduced the productivity of these areas and now left without any potential use
by the farmers. Some higher patches were not able to command by irrigation system,
hence not productive for agriculture. The main flora includes the salt tolerant species,
grasses and mesquite, Saccharum spontaneum, Tamarix indica, Salvadora oleoides and
Saccharum bengalense.
Such areas which are in shape of islands between human habitations and agricultural
fields are also less important for wildlife. Very few species were noticed in this habitat
type including Crested lark, Desert lark, House crow, Indian roller, Little green bee‐
eater, Indian myna and some passerines. However, the tall grasses, thickets and bushes
provide habitat for Black and Grey partridges. Overall, such areas are of least
ecological importance.
6.2.4 Baseline Conditions
a. Flora
The variation in climate between upper and lower Sindh is not reflected in any
difference in the flora of the two zones. The vegetation is characteristic of edaphic
conditions of the region viz. arid climate and sandy and calcareous soil, largely
impregnated with salts. A notable feature is the predominance of plants and trees with
small leaves, or none at all, and the large proportion of thorny species. The apparent
contrast between the verdure of the riverine and irrigated tracts on the one hand, and
the hilly and desert tracts on the other, is largely a matter of its intensity and
distribution.
Overall, Sindh Forest Department controls an area of 241,198 hectares in the Riverine
tract of the province which are categorized as ʺRiverine Forestsʺ locally known as
Kacho forests. These forests are located along both the banks of River Indus in Thatta,
Hyderabad, Dadu, Larkana, Naushero Feroze, Nawabshah, Khairpur, Sukkur,
Shikarpur, Ghotki and Jacobabad districts and have been declared as “Reserved
Forests” under Forests Act, 1927. The rich alluvial soils support crops of Acacia nilotica
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(Babul), Populus euphratica (Bahan), Tamarix aphylla, Tamarix dioca (Lai) and Prosopis
cineraria (Kandi). Riverine forests are the most productive forests of Sindh, producing
wood material for domestic and commercial purposes.
Existence of Riverine forests of Sindh is dependent on flooding by the river. They are
flooded by the spate of River Indus, on lands and soils over its banks. Floods occur
due to the flow of large quantities of water in the river that cannot be accommodated.
Both the land configuration and the soils in riverine tract are made by flood waters.
The spate was a common summer phenomenon in the past, until such a time that the
river water was not diverted and extracted through dams, barrages, head‐works and
link‐canals. Riverine forests are the mainstay of forestry in Sindh. They provide
products and services such as timber, firewood, pit props for mines, forage and
browse for livestock, supports biodiversity and game animals. Other non‐timber forest
products include tannin from bark, gum, honey and even fish from dhands (ponds) and
dhoros (depression of old river beds). They act as carbon sinks, moderate climate, stop
soil erosion and also protect soils and settlements from the ferocity of flood waters.
The annual inundation of the riverine areas during the monsoon season act as a lifeline
for the existence and flourishing of the Riverine forests. There has been large‐scale
degradation of riverine forests due to severe decrease in flow of freshwater down the
Guddu Barrage. The situation has been worsened by the recent drought and lowest
ever flow in Indus (0.75 MAF) downstream of Kotri Barrage. Major reason for great
depletion of Riverine forests are continuous decrease in quantum of floods due to
upper stream storage, diversion and increasing amount of take‐off for irrigation/
human consumption. Areas frequently flooded before are now flooded only every
seven or eight year interval, which is not enough to support lush floodplain forests.
High‐lying portions of these forests are the worst affected. Reduced frequency of high
floods has left these areas in an increasingly dry state. Xerophytic trees and shrubs have
replaced thick and profuse growth of Acacia nilotica, which is the main and most
important riverine specie. The common riverine forests species such as, Bahan (Populus
euphratica) and Lai (Tamarix aphylla) are gradually disappearing from the tract. Apart
from over all degradation of these forests, there occurred sizeable blanks within them
due to which the required forest density has diminished.
The Riverine forests in the past were only developed through the annual regeneration
at the time of monsoon floods. Recently, under annual development program, some
areas were developed and planted on the pattern of irrigated plantations by lift
irrigation through installation of electric/diesel operated tube wells and diesel
operated lift pumps on the river banks and depressions. The underground water in
the riverine tract is sweet, available in abundance in the aquifer and is suitable for
raising trees and agriculture crops. Following are the main factors responsible for
degradation of Riverine forests:
Severe reduction in flow of fresh water in Indus through floods;
Population pressure for meeting the local needs of the people; and
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Increase in the high‐lying areas due to low floods.
Productive potential of these areas can be restored by developing artificial source of
irrigation such as installing tube wells and lift pumps and planting suitable tree
species for increasing wood production and protection of the environment. These
areas are to be developed through intensive management, land levelling and
arranging the assured supply of irrigation on high‐lying areas. In order to develop
these forests, two strategies have been proposed in various projects i.e. departmental
forestry or traditional forestry (forestry by the department) and participatory forestry
(forestry by the department and local people) with main emphasis on participation of
local people, poverty alleviation and combating desertification.
Floral Diversity
Ecologically, entire stretch of Kotri North Block is a part of the tropical thorn forest
ecozone. The area is characterized by low rainfall, high summer temperatures, high
velocity winds, poor soil and low diversity of plant species. Most of this region has
been cleared for cultivation and last remnants of the forest are heavily degraded due
to over grazing and felling of trees. Plant communities in the project area are also
faced with the threats of livestock grazing.
During field work for the EIA, 128 plant species belonging to 37 families were
identified in main habitats within the project area. Table 6‐4 provides a complete list
of the floral species along with their family name, life form and life span observed
during recent EIA site survey in the major habitats of the project area.
Out of 128 species 65 are perennial, 2 are semi‐perennial, 1 is biennial and 60 are
annual. Life forms of the identified species are as follows:
Life Form Number Life Form Number
Grass 31 Climber shrub 1
Herb 40 Subshrub 7
Tree 17 Prostrate subshrub 1
Sedge 8 Prostrate herb 1
Shrub 22 Total 128
Life form of the project area is dominated by herb (31.25%) followed by grass (24.22%),
shrub (17.19%), tree (13.28%), sedge (6.25%), subshrub (5.47%), climber shrub,
prostrate subshrub and prostrate herb (0.78%) each.
Floral Species of Medicinal or Economical Use
The species found in the project area which are of importance in terms of medicinal
and economical use include Aerva javanica, Capparis deciduas, Desmostachya bipinnata,
Salvadora oleoides and Typha elephantina. Table 6‐11 represents the plant species along
with their medicinal and economical use.
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Rare or Endemic Floral Species
No endemic or rare species exist within the project area. All species have a wide range
of distribution. Some representative photographs of the flora in the project area are
presented at the end of this chapter.
Quantitative Accounts of Flora
The quantitative accounts of vegetation (i.e. Relative Cover, Relative Frequency,
Relative Density and Importance of Index Value (I.V.I) of all the species) were also
checked. The usual means of sampling of vegetation for floristic composition is the
quadrate. Traditionally, quadrates are square, although rectangular and even circular
quadrates have been used. Since, the vegetation of the project area is of different sized
components, comprised of trees/tall shrubs and tall herbs/sub‐shrubby/herbs and
grasses so Nested Quadrates method was adopted. Hence, two different sized
quadrates were laid down at every sampling site in major habitats as follows:
Measuring 20 x 20 m (Climax community for Trees/Tall shrubs)
Measuring 2 x 2 m (Underneath flora for Tall herbs/Sub‐ shrubs/Herbs and Grass)
Thereafter, the data in major habitats was analysed separately for each quadrate and
habitat as well. The quantitative analysis of floral composition (vegetation) was carried
out in calculating Relative Cover, Relative Frequency, Relative Density and
Importance of Index Value (I.V.I) of all the species.
The Relative Density of the species has been calculated with the following formula:
Relative Density =
Total number of individual of a species in all
quadrates 100
Total number of individual of all species in all
quadrates
The Relative Cover of species has been calculated with the following formula:
Relative Cover of
Species =
Total cover (sq. cm) of all plants of a species 100
Total cover (sq. cm) of plants of all species
The Relative Frequency % of the species has been determined with the help of the following formula:
Relative Frequency = Frequency of a species
100 Total frequency of all species
Importance Value Index (I.V.I) – Since the floral composition is not homogenous in
project area, so data like density, cover and frequency cannot depict clearly the
dominant species. Therefore, for each habitat measuring two separate sized quadrates
(i.e. 20 x 20m & 2 x 2m) Importance Value Index (I.V.I) of all the recorded species
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calculated by adding the value of Relative Cover, Relative Frequency and Relative
Density then divided by three as follows:
I.V.I = Relative Cover + Relative Frequency + Relative Density
3
List of species found in the project area for EIA along with the I.V.I values for the three
major critical habitats identified by botanist namely Riparian habitat, Marshy/wetland
habitat and Calcareous rocky plain habitat for quadrates measuring 20 x 20m (Climax
community for Trees/Tall shrubs etc.) and 2 x 2m (Underneath flora for Tall herbs/Sub‐
shrubs/Herbs and Grass) is provided in Table 6‐5 to Table 6‐10.
Dominant Floral Species of Reserved Forests
According to the Sindh Forest Department the reserve forests comprise of five main
species of interest. These include Tamarix indica, Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora,
Prosopis cineraria and Saccharum spontaneum.
b. Fauna
The faunal field data collection included line transects, incidental sightings and plot
searches for birds, ungulates, carnivores, small mammals and reptiles. On significant
wetlands, surveys were also conducted for identification of water‐birds. This involved
walking along the edges of the wetlands to select a suitable site for making
observations using binoculars and spotting scope. The survey team ensured that the
birds were observed without causing any disturbance. The sampling locations were
randomly selected, ensuring that sufficient locations are sampled for each habitat and
the maximum number of species belonging to each habitat is identified.
Birds
The project area of Kotri North Block, being blend of different habitats, supports a
variety of avifauna, both resident and migratory including migratory ducks, waders,
gulls, herons and egrets. Famous game birds including Grey and Black partridges are
also recorded almost throughout the project area. However, Black partridges are
confined to riverine areas and thick vegetative covers. The wetlands, dhands and
marshy areas will be filled with the arrival of migratory birds during the peak winter
season. The agricultural fields at the river banks and even in riverine areas provide
food and shelter to a number of species, which have adapted with the human
settlements. Houbara bustard sometimes is recorded from sandy plains but there had
been no recent sighting from the project area.
During the current EIA field visit, 101 birds’ species which includes 28 migratory and
73 resident species were recorded from the project area of Kotri North Block and its
immediate vicinity proposed for exploration and associated development activities.
Out of total 101 recorded species, 64 are common, 5 are abundant 29 are less common
and 3 are rare species. Out of total 101 recorded birds, 18 species have protected status
under the provision of Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance, 1972 which include some
ducks, raptors, egrets and herons. Out of total recorded species 3 are on IUCN Red
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List, 12 migratory species are on CMS and 20 included on CITES appendices having
international demand for trade.
The common birds of the project area include Crested lark, Cattle egret, Chestnut
shouldered petronia, Desert lark, Ring dove, Desert wheatear, Hoopoe, Indian river
tern, Indian roller, Common moorhen, Indian pond heron, Pied kingfisher, Purple
sunbird, Red‐wattled lapwing, Sindh nightjar, Spotted owlet and White breasted
kingfisher. A complete list of the bird species observed in the project area can be seen
in Table 6‐12.
Mammals
A total of 20 mammalian species were recorded during field visit of EIA conducted
during August, 2019 through direct sightings and various signs of their presence. Out
of total 20 recorded species, 12 are common, 1 is abundant, 3 are less common and 4
are rare. Out of these 20 mammals, three species are of global significance including
Fishing cat, Hog deer and Indian pangolin.
Small mammals and rodents are quite abundant as noticed through their burrow
system. Small mammals play an important and perhaps indispensable role in the
functioning of ecosystem. They should not be viewed separately from other
components in the ecosystem. Rather, they must be viewed in terms of their
interrelationships with other components. Small mammals influence the structure and
function of ecosystems as consumers of plants and small animals, as movers of soil
and soil nutrients, and as the primary prey of raptors, snakes, hawks, eagles, owls and
carnivorous mammals. Because of their intermediate trophic position and high
dispersal abilities, small mammals may track changes in biotic and abiotic
environment that result from shifts in land‐use practices and other human activities. A
complete list of the mammalian species observed in the project area can be seen in
Table 6‐13.
Reptiles
During the present EIA field visit of project area in Kotri North Block and its
immediate vicinity, presence of 20 reptilian species was recorded through direct
sightings and signs of their presence. Out of total 20 recorded species, 10 are common,
9 are less common and one is rare.
Common reptilian species of the project area include, Brilliant agama, Indian fringe‐
toed sand lizard, Garden lizard, Indian monitor lizard, Indian sand swimmer and
Indian spiny‐tailed lizard found in the semi‐desert and loamy soil habitat for such
reptiles. Poisonous snake species of the area include, Saw scaled viper and Indian
cobra whereas, non‐poisonous are Brahminy blind snake, Checkered keelback,
Dhaman, Glossy billed racer, Indian sand boa, Royal diadem snake and Pakistan
ribbon snake. A list of reptiles observed during both field visit is provided in Table 6‐
14.
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Key Faunal Species
Based on current site visit, relative abundance and sensitivity towards human
interventions and their listing in different Conventions and SWPO, there are several
species which may be categorized as key species of the project area including Hog
deer, Indian pangolin, Fishing cat and birds of prey. During the project
implementation, special care/mitigation measure is adopted while working in habitat
of these key species.
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Table 6‐4: List of Vegetation Species found in the Project Area
Family Name/Plant Species Local Name Life‐Form/Habitat Life‐Span
Cyperaceae
Cyperus rotundus Linn Kabah Sedge Annual
Cyperus longus L. Kal Sedge Perennial
Bolboschoenus affinis (Roth.) Drobov. Cheho Sedge Perennial
Bolboschoenus glaucus (Lam.) S. G. Simth Cheho Sedge Perennial
Schoenoplectus littoralis (Schrad.) Palla Cheho Sedge Perennial
Fimbristylis acuminata Vahl. Kabah Sedge Perennial
Poaceae
Aeluropus lagopoides (Linn.) Trin. ex. Thw Kalar gaah Grass Perennial
Aristida adscensionis Linn. Lumb gaah Grass Annual
Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. Lumb gaah Grass Annual
Brachiaria eruciformis (J. E. Simth) Griseb. Sawri Grass Annual
Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf Sawri Grass Annual
Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gardner & Hubbard Sawri Grass Annual
Cenchrus bifloris Roxb. Bhorut Grass Annual
Cenchrus ciliaris L. Bhourt Grass Annual
Cymbopogon jawarancusa (Jones) Schult. Katan Grass Perennial
Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. Chhabar Grass Perennial
Chloris barbata Sw. Sawari Grass Annual
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linn.) P. Beauv. Gandheer gaah Grass Annual
Dactyloctenium aristatum Link. Gandheer gaah Grass Annual
Desmostachya bippinata (Linn.) Stapf. Drabh Grass Perennial
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf Palwan Grass Perennial
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. Pachar gaah Grass Annual
Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Baeuv. ex Roem. & Schult. Jhang sari Grass Perennial
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Family Name/Plant Species Local Name Life‐Form/Habitat Life‐Span
Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Sawri ghahh Grass Annual
Eragrostis minor Host. Sawri ghahh Grass Annual
Eragrostis tenella (L.) Bhurbhuri Grass Annual
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Reuschel Dabori Grass Annual
Ochthochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu. Ghander Grass Perennial
Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Scribner Koda Grass Perennial
Pennisetum orientale L. C. Rich. Bhurut Grass Perennial
Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. Nar/Naro Grass Perennial
Saccharum bengalense Retz. Booro Grass Perennial
Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Boiss. Kanh Grass Perennial
Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Booro/Munian Grass Perennial
Stipagrostis plumosa (Linn.) Munro ex T. Anders. Lumb gaah Grass Annual
Tragus berteronianus Schult. ….. Grass Annual
Tragus roxburghii Panigrahi ….. Grass Annual
Aizoaceae
Limeum indicum Stocks. ex T. Anders. Khir wal Herb Annual
Sesuvium sesuvioides (Fenzl.) Verdc. Kori lonak Herb Annual
Trianthema portulacastrum L. Waho Herb Annual
Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffrey. Waho Herb Annual
Amaranthaceae
Aerva javanica var. javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex. Booh Subshrub Perennial
Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Lulur Herb Annual
Anacardiaceae
Mangifera indica L. Aumb Tree Annual
Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia bracteolata Lamk. Kinari wal Herb Annual
Asclepiadaceae
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Family Name/Plant Species Local Name Life‐Form/Habitat Life‐Span
Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. Ak Shrub Perennial
Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne. Khip Shrub Perennial
Oxystelma esculentum (L. f.) R. Br. Phuli Climbing shrub Perennial
Asteraceae
Launaea procumbens (Roxb) Ramayya & Rajagopal. Bhattar Herb Perennial
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Daryai buti Herb Annual
Echinops echinatus Roxb. Loot Herb Annual
Iphiona grantioides (Boiss.) Anderb Gandraf Herb Annual
Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern. Phaar buti Shrub Perennial
Xanthium indicum Koenig ex Roxb. Bhurt Shrub Annual
Bombacaceae
Bombax ceiba L. Simbal Tree Perennial
Boraginaceae
Cordia myxa Linn. Lesuro Tree Perennial
Heliotropium crispum Desf. Kharsan Herb Annual
Heliotropium europaeum L. Kharsan Herb Annual
Caesalpiniaceae
Cassia italica (Mill.) F. W. Andr. Ghora wal Herb Annual
Cassia holosericeae Fresen. Ghora wal Herb Annual
Capparidaceae
Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Kirar Shrub Perennial
Capparis cartilaginea Decne. Golaro Shrub Perennial
Capparis spinosa L. ….. Herb Annual
Cleome scaposa DC. Kano gah Herb Annual
Dipterygium glaucum Decne. Phair Subshrub Perennial
Chenopodiaceae
Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq. Lano Shrub Perennial
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Family Name/Plant Species Local Name Life‐Form/Habitat Life‐Span
Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Lano Shrub Perennial
Haloxylon stocksii (Boiss.) Lani Shrub Perennial
Saueda fruticosa (Linn.) Forsk. Lani Subshrub Semi‐perennial
Salsola imbricata Forssk. Lano Shrub Perennial
Combretaceae
Conocarpus lancifoluis Engl. Cono Tree Perennial
Convolvulaceae
Cressa cretica Linn. Oin Herb Annual
Convolvulus arvensis L. Narro Herb Annual
Ipomoea carnea Jacquin. Narro Herb Annual
Cucurbitaceae
Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad. Trooh Prostrate subshrub Perennial
Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.) M. J. Roem. ….. Prostrate herb Annual
Cuscutaceae
Cuscuta europaeae L. Be paari Herb Annual
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Be paari Herb Annual
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia hirta Linn. Kheer wal Herb Annual
Euphorbia granulata Forssk. Kheer wal Herb Annual
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton Kheer wal Herb Annual
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) Raf. ….. Herb Annual
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Kamohi Herb Perennial
Ricinus communis L. Heran Shrub Biennial
Fabaceae
Alhaji maurorum Medic. Kandero Subshrub Perennial
Crotolaria burhia Ham. ex Benth. Chag Subshrub Semi‐perennial
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Taari Tree Perennial
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Family Name/Plant Species Local Name Life‐Form/Habitat Life‐Span
Indigofera cordifolia Heyne ex Roth. Mahori Herb Annual
Indigofera oblongifolia Forsk. Jhil Shrub Perennial
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Wanverhi Herb Perennial
Sesbania sesban (L.) Kuntze Manjhanderi Shrub Perennial
Malvaceae
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Pat‐teer Shrub Perennial
Meliaceae
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Nim (Neem) Tree Perennial
Mimosaceae
Acacia jacquemontii Benth. Banwar Shrub Perennial
Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Delile Sindhi babur Tree Perennial
Albizia lebbeck Linn. Sarenh Tree Perennial
Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) Druce Kandi Tree Perennial
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. Devi Shrub Perennial
Prosopis glandulosa Torr. Devi Shrub Perennial
Moraceae
Ficus benghalensis L. Bar Tree Perennial
Ficus religiosa L. Pepur Tree Perennial
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus L Her. Sufedo Tree Perennial
Syzygum cumini (L.) Skeels. Jaman/Jamu Tree Perennial
Neuradaceae
Neurada procumbens Linn. Chhapri/Chhipri Herb Annual
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia procumbens Banks ex Rxb. Dakhri Herb Annual
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis corniculata L. Sawari Herb Annual
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Family Name/Plant Species Local Name Life‐Form/Habitat Life‐Span
Palmeae
Phoenix dactylifera Linn. Khaji Tree Perennial
Rhamnaceae
Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Ber Tree Perennial
Zizyphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wt. & Arn. Jhangoori ber Tree Perennial
Salvadoraceae
Salvadora oleoides Decne. Jar/Peroon Shrub Perennial
Salvadora persica L. Khabar Shrub Perennial
Scrophulariaceae
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Penn. Bhattar Herb Annual
Solanaceae
Datura metel Linn. Charyo dhatooro Herb Annual
Solanum surattense Burm. f. Kanderi wal Subshrub Annual
Solanum nigrum var. nigrum Linn. Kanwal buti Herb Annual
Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal Akri Shrub Perennial
Tamaricaceae
Tamarix aphylla (Linn.) Karst. Lawo Tree Perennial
Tamarix indica willd. Lawi Shrub Perennial
Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth. Lawi Shrub Perennial
Tiliaceae
Corchorus depressus (Linn.) Stocks. Mundheri Herb Annual
Corchorus tridens Linn. Datehri Herb Annual
Typhaceae
Typha domingenasis Pres. Pan Sedge Perennial
Typha elephantina Roxb. Pan Sedge Perennial
Verbenaceae
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Bukan Herb Perennial
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Family Name/Plant Species Local Name Life‐Form/Habitat Life‐Span
Zygophyllaceae
Fagonia indica var. schweinfurthii Hadidi Dramaaho Subshrub Annual
Tribulus terrestris L. Bakhro/Bhurt Herb Annual
Tribulus longipetalus Viv. Bakhro/Bhurt Herb Annual
Zygophyllum simplex L. Pat lani Herb Annual
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Table 6‐5: List of Vegetation Species of Riparian Habitat (20 x 20m Quadrate)
No. Plant Species Density Relative D* Frequency Relative F** Total Cover Relative Cover I.V.I
1. Acacia nilotica 4.75 24.05 75 16.67 1934707.68 36.80 25.84
2. Capparis decidua 1.25 6.33 50 11.11 190139.4 3.62 7.02
3. Calotropis procera 1 5.06 50 11.11 80455.68 1.53 5.90
4. Phyllanthus reticulatus 0.25 1.27 25 5.56 25456.68 0.48 2.44
5. Prosopis cineraria 1 5.06 25 5.56 282852 5.38 5.33
6. Prosopis juliflora 3.5 17.72 75 16.67 532390.32 10.13 14.84
7. Prosopis glandulosa 2.25 11.39 50 11.11 400546.7172 7.62 10.04
8. Salvadora oleoides 0.75 3.80 25 5.56 637359.84 12.12 7.16
9. Salvadora persica 1.5 7.59 25 5.56 912669.12 17.36 10.17
10. Tamarix indica 3.5 17.72 50 11.11 260871.2568 4.96 11.26
D* ‐ Density, F** ‐ Frequency
Table 6‐6: List of Vegetation Species of Riparian Habitat (2 x 2m Quadrate)
No. Plant Species Density Relative D* Frequency Relative F** Total Cover Relative Cover I.V.I
1. Abutilon indicum 1 5.80 50 16.67 11314.08 15.53 12.66
2. Alhaji maurorum 7.75 44.93 100 33.33 21921.03 120.76 66.34
3. Cynodon dactylon 3.25 18.84 75 25.00 13237.4736 72.92 38.92
4. Desmostachya bippinata 5.25 30.43 75 25.00 26399.52 145.43 66.95
D* ‐ Density, F** ‐ Frequency
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Table 6‐7: List of Vegetation Species of Marshy/Wetland Habitat (20 x 20m Quadrate)
No. Plant Species Density Relative D* Frequency Relative F** Total Cover Relative Cover I.V.I
1. Acacia nilotica 0.20 0.57 10.0 3.57 277194.96 2.43 2.19
2. Capparis decidua 0.10 0.29 10.0 3.57 38722.4388 0.34 1.40
3. Prosopis cineraria 0.10 0.29 10.0 3.57 149358.4272 1.31 1.72
4. Prosopis juliflora 0.30 0.86 10.0 3.57 60341.76 0.53 1.65
5. Prosopis glandulosa 3.20 9.20 60.0 21.43 814613.76 7.14 12.59
6. Saccharum bengalense 0.30 0.86 10.0 3.57 122531.4864 1.07 1.84
7. Salvadora persica 1.40 4.02 40.0 14.29 3449537.28 30.22 16.18
8. Saueda fruticosa 17.10 49.14 50.0 17.86 4067722.897 35.64 34.21
9. Tamarix indica 12.10 34.77 80.0 28.57 2433784.32 21.32 28.22
D* ‐ Density, F** ‐ Frequency
Table 6‐8: List of Vegetation Species of Marshy/Wetland Habitat (2 x 2m Quadrate)
No. Plant Species Density Relative D* Frequency Relative F** Total Cover Relative Cover I.V.I
1. Aeluropus lagopoides 0.40 2.30 10.0 4.17 804.557 0.65 2.37
2. Alhaji maurorum 0.70 4.02 10.0 4.17 3717.932 3.00 3.73
3. Bacopa monnieri 1.00 5.75 20.0 8.33 2545.668 2.06 5.38
4. Cressa cretica 2.20 12.64 30.0 12.50 11684.930 9.44 11.53
5. Cynodon dactylon 1.20 6.90 20.0 8.33 13614.610 11.00 8.74
6. Cyperus longus 1.00 5.75 10.0 4.17 1131.408 0.91 3.61
7. Desmostachya bippinata 1.60 9.20 30.0 12.50 22175.597 17.92 13.20
8. Diplachne fusca 0.30 1.72 10.0 4.17 2121.390 1.71 2.53
9. Fimbristylis acuminata 0.70 4.02 10.0 4.17 1781.968 1.44 3.21
10. Paspalum paspaloides 2.60 14.94 20.0 8.33 2941.661 2.38 8.55
11. Phragmites karka 1.60 9.20 30.0 12.50 16292.275 13.16 11.62
12. Schoenoplectus littoralis 0.30 1.72 10.0 4.17 1847.966 1.49 2.46
13. Typha domingenasis 3.80 21.84 30.0 12.50 43112.930 34.83 23.06
D* ‐ Density, F** ‐ Frequency
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Table 6‐9: List of Vegetation Species of Rocky Calcareous Plain Habitat (20 x 20m Quadrate)
No. Plant Species Density Relative D* Frequency Relative F** Total Cover Relative Cover I.V.I
1. Capparis decidua 0.71 6.17 28.57 9.09 127283.4 4.00 6.42
2. Calotropis procera 0.57 4.94 85.71 27.27 97351.3728 3.06 11.76
3. Indigofera oblongifolia 0.29 2.47 14.29 4.55 30799.44 0.97 2.66
4. Prosopis cineraria 0.14 1.23 14.29 4.55 23787.8532 0.75 2.18
5. Prosopis juliflora 1.57 13.58 28.57 9.09 86427 2.71 8.46
6. Prosopis glandulosa 3.14 27.16 57.14 18.18 301180.8096 9.45 18.27
7. Rhazia stricta 1.43 12.35 14.29 4.55 95069.7 2.98 6.63
8. Salvadora oleoides 2.14 18.52 42.86 13.64 2098808.982 65.88 32.68
9. Zizyphus nummularia 1.57 13.58 28.57 9.09 325276.6572 10.21 10.96
D* ‐ Density, F** ‐ Frequency
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Table 6‐10: List of Vegetation Species of Calcareous Plain Habitat (2 x 2m Quadrate)
No. Plant Species Density Relative D* Frequency Relative F** Total Cover Relative Cover I.V.I
1. Aristida adscensionis 15.29 18.61 71.43 8.33 33627.96 11.21 12.72
2. Aristida funiculata 6.29 7.65 28.57 3.33 8850.12 2.95 4.64
3. Cassia holosericeae 0.71 0.87 28.57 3.33 4541.35 1.51 1.91
4. Cassia italica 5.14 6.26 85.71 10.00 25456.68 8.48 8.25
5. Cenchrus bifloris 8.57 10.43 85.71 10.00 12068.35 4.02 8.15
6. Cenchrus ciliaris 4.00 4.87 42.86 5.00 7127.87 2.38 4.08
7. Corchorus depressus 11.14 13.57 71.43 8.33 29661.75 9.89 10.59
8. Cymbopog jawaracusa 1.14 1.39 28.57 3.33 8146.14 2.71 2.48
9. Eragrostis ciliaris 4.43 5.39 71.43 8.33 4773.91 1.59 5.11
10. Eragrostis minor 3.14 3.83 42.86 5.00 5600.47 1.87 3.56
11. Euphorbia granulata 6.71 8.17 57.14 6.67 24963.26 8.32 7.72
12. Fagonia indica 2.43 2.96 57.14 6.67 19287.36 6.43 5.35
13. Indigofera cordifolia 0.57 0.70 14.29 1.67 3633.08 1.21 1.19
14. Iphiona grantioides 0.71 0.87 28.57 3.33 3079.94 1.03 1.74
15. Ochthochloa compressa 6.29 7.65 71.43 8.33 49920.24 16.64 10.87
16. Zygophyllum simplex 5.57 6.78 71.43 8.33 59323.49 19.77 11.63
D* ‐ Density, F** ‐ Frequency
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Table 6‐11: Vegetation Species with Medicinal and Economical Use found in the Project Area
No. Scientific Name Common Name Family Medicinal or Economical Use
1. Acacia nilotica Sindhi Babur Mimosaceae Trunk used as pillars in making huts and agricultural implements, leaves and
flowers/fruits used as a fodder. The tree is also used as a fuel
2. Aerva javanica Booh Amaranthaceae Fodder and medicinal value
3. Alhagi maurorum Kandero Fabaceae Fencing around huts, medicinal value
4. Calotropis procera Ak Asclepiadaceae Medicinal value, silky floss of the seeds is used for stuffing pillows, the smoke of
the plant is used to keep away mosquitoes
5. Capparis decidua Kirar Capparidaceae Trunk is used for fuel, unripe fruit is used as vegetable, ripened food is edible,
young twigs used as fodder
6. Cressa cretica Oin Convolvulaceae Fodder and also considered as a neutralizer for acidic soils
7. Crotolaria burhia Chag Fabaceae Fodder, medicinal value, thatching of roof
8. Cynodon dactylon Chhabar Poaceae Fodder, medicine
9. Desmostachya bipinnata Drabh Poaceae Fodder, stalk used for brooms, leaves woven to make ropes
10. Euphorbia hirta Kher wal Euphorbiaceae Fodder
11. Leptadenia pyrotechnica Khip Asclepiadaceae Branches used for thatching of roof, fodder, medicinal value
12. Saccharum bengalense Booro Poaceae Stem used for making roof and chairs, leaves used for making mats, used in a
medicine for cattle
13. Saccharum spontaneum Booro/Munian Poaceae Stem used for making roof and chairs, leaves used for making mats, used in a
medicines for cattle
14. Suaeda fruticosa Lani Chenopodiaceae Ash of the plant is used for washing of clothes, the plant is also a fodder for
camels
15. Typha domingenasis Pan Typhaceae Leaves used for thatching of roof and making mats
16. Typha elephantina Pan Typhaceae Used for making jute bags, leaves used for thatching of roof and making mats
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Table 6‐12: List of Birds Observed/Reported in the Project Area
No. Common Name Scientific Name
Status Occurrence Listing
Migratory
Resident
Common
Abundant
Less Common
Rare
WPO/Act
IUCN Red List
CMS Appendix
CITES Appendix
1. Ashy headed finch lark Eremopterix grisea x x
2. Bank myna Acridotheres ginginianus x x
3. Bay backed shrike Lanius vittatus x x
4. Black drongo/King crow Dicrurus macrocercus x x
5. Black kite Milvus migrans x x x II
6. Black partridge Francolinus francolinus x x
7. Black redstart Phoenicurus ochruros x x
8. Black crowned finch lark Eremopterix nigreceps x x
9. Black shouldered kite Elanus caeruleus/E.leucurus x x x II
10. Black‐winged stilt Himantopus himantopus x x II
11. Blue cheeked bee‐eater Merops superciliosus x x
12. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia x x III
13. Blue throat Luscinia svecica x x
14. Blyth’s reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum x x
15. Brahminy kite Haliastur indus x x x II
16. Brown tree pipit Anthus trivialis x x
17. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis x x x III
18. Chestnut shouldered petronia Petronia xanthocollis x x
19. Chiffchaff Phylloscopos collybita x x
20. Collared dove Streptopelia decaocto x x
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No. Common Name Scientific Name
Status Occurrence Listing
Migratory
Resident
Common
Abundant
Less Common
Rare
WPO/Act
IUCN Red List
CMS Appendix
CITES Appendix
21. Common/Blue kingfisher Alcedo atthis x x
22. Common babbler Turdoides caudatus x x
23. Common buzzard Buteo buteo x x x II
24. Common kestrel Falco tinnunculus x x x II II
25. Common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus x x
26. Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos x x
27. Common snipe Gallinago gallinago x x II
28. Crested honey buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus x x x II
29. Crested lark Galerida cristata x x
30. Crow pheasant Centropus sinensis x x
31. Desert lark Ammomanes deserti x x
32. Desert wheatear Oenanthe deserti x x
33. Egyptian/Scavenger vulture Neophron percnopterus x x x II
34. Eurasian sparrow hawk Accipiter nisus x x x II II
35. Eurasian scops owl Otus scops x x II
36. Golden backed woodpecker Dinopium benghalense x x
37. Great grey shrike Lanius excubitor x x
38. Grey partridge Francolinus pondicerianus x x
39. Hoopoe Upupa epops x x
40. House crow Corvus splendens x x
41. House sparrow Passer domesticus x x
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No. Common Name Scientific Name
Status Occurrence Listing
Migratory
Resident
Common
Abundant
Less Common
Rare
WPO/Act
IUCN Red List
CMS Appendix
CITES Appendix
42. House swift Apus affinis x x
43. Indian river tern Sterna aurantia x x
44. Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata x x
45. Indian roller Coracias benghalensis x x
46. Indian sand martin Riparia paludicola x x
47. Indian tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius x x
48. Indian tree‐pie Dendrocitta vagabunda x x
49. Indian/Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus x x
50. Indian/Common myna Acridotheres tristis x x
51. Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus x x
52. Kentish/Snowy plover Charadrius alexandrinus x x II
53. Little brown dove Streptopelia senegalensis x x III
54. Little cormorant Phalacrocorax niger x x x
55. Little egret Egretta garzetta x x x
56. Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis x x
57. Little green Bee‐eater Merops orientalis x x
58. Little owl Athene noctua x x II
59. Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius x x II
60. Little stint Calidris minuta x x II
61. Little tern Sterna albifrons x x II
62. Long‐eared owl Asio otus x x II
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No. Common Name Scientific Name
Status Occurrence Listing
Migratory
Resident
Common
Abundant
Less Common
Rare
WPO/Act
IUCN Red List
CMS Appendix
CITES Appendix
63. Long‐tailed grass warbler Prinia burnesii x x NT
64. Marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus x x x II
65. Merlin Falco columbarius x x x II II
66. Night heron Nycticorax nycticorax x x x
67. Paddy bird/Indian pond heron Ardeola grayii x x x
68. Pied bushchat Saxicola caprata x x
69. Pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis x x
70. Pied/Variable wheatear Oenanthe picata x x
71. Purple moorhen Porphyrio porphyrio x x x
72. Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica x x
73. Red turtle dove Streptopelia transquebarica x x
74. Redshank Tringa totanus x x II
75. Red‐vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer x x
76. Red‐wattled lapwing Hoplopterus indicus x x
77. Richardʹs pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae x x
78. Rose‐ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri x x III
79. Ruff Philomachus pugnax x x II
80. Rufous backed shrike Lanius schach x x
81. Rufous tailed/Isabelline shrike Lanius isabellinus x x
82. Short toed eagle Circaetus gallicus x x x II
83. Sindh jungle sparrow Passer pyrrhonotus x x
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No. Common Name Scientific Name
Status Occurrence Listing
Migratory
Resident
Common
Abundant
Less Common
Rare
WPO/Act
IUCN Red List
CMS Appendix
CITES Appendix
84. Shikra Accipiter badius x x LC
85. Sindh nightjar Caprimulgus mahrattensis x x
86. Sindh pied woodpecker Dendrocopos assimilis x x
87. Small Indian pratincole Glareola lactea x x
88. Small/Wandering minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus x x
89. Spotted little owl Athene brama x x II
90. Streaked weaver bird Ploceus manyar x x
91. White/Pied wagtail Motacilla alba x x LC
92. White breasted waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus x x
93. White browed wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis x x
94. White eyed buzzard Butastur teesa x x x II
95. White tailed plover Chettusia leucura x x
96. White throated munia Eodice malabarica/Lonchura malabarica x x III
97. White‐breasted kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis x x
98. White‐browed fantail flycatcher Rhipidura aureola x x
99. White‐cheeked bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys x x
100. Wire tailed swallow Hirundo smithii x x
101. Yellow bellied prinia Prinia flaviventris x x
Abbreviations: WPO – Wildlife Protection Ordinance; LC – Least concerned; NT – Near threatened
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Table 6‐13: List of Mammals Observed/Reported in the Project Area
No. Common Name Scientific Name
Occurrence Listing
Common
Abundant
Less Common
Rare
WPO/Act
IUCN Red List
CITES Appendix
1. Asiatic jackal Canis aureus x III
2. Black‐naped hare Lepus nigricollis x
3. Balochistan gerbil Gerbillus nanus x
4. Desert cat Felis silverstris x III
5. Fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus x x VU II
6. Five stripped palm squirrel Funambulus pennantii x
7. Hog deer Axis porcinus x x
8. House mouse Mus musculus x
9. Indian/Bengal fox Vulpes bengalensis x
10. Indian bush rat Golunda ellioti x
11. Indian desert jird Meriones hurrianae x
12. Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata x x LC
13. Indian gerbil Tatera indica x
14. Indian grey mongoose Herpestes edwardsi x III
15. Indian porcupine Hystrix indica x
16. Indian wild boar Sus scrofa x
17. Little Indian field mouse Mus booduga x
18. Long eared desert hedgehog Hemiechinus collaris x
19. Small Indian mongoose Herpestes javanicus x x III
20. Smooth coated otter Lutrogale perspicillata x x VU II
Abbreviations: WPO – Wildlife Protection Ordinance; VU – Vulnerable; LC – Least Concerned
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Table 6‐14: List of Reptiles Observed/Reported in the Project Area
No. Common Name Scientific Name
Occurrence Listing
Common
Less Common
Rare
WPO/Act
IUCN Red List
CITES Appendix
1. Black pond/Spotted turtle Geoclemys hamiltonii x x
2. Brahminy blind snake Typhlops braminus x x
3. Brilliant agama Trapelus agilus isolepis x
4. Brown river turtle Kachuga smithii x x II
5. Checkered keelback Xenochrophis piscator piscator x x III
6. Cobra Naja naja x DD II
7. Common ground agama Trapelus ruderata baluchiana x
8. Desert monitor Varanus griseus koniecznyi x x I
9. Dhaman/Rat snake Ptyas mucosus x x II
10. Garden lizard Calotes versicolor x
11. Glossy bellied racer Coluber vetromaculatus x
12. Indian fringe‐toed lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris cantoris x
13. Indian monitor Varanus bengalensis x x I
14. Indian sand boa Eryx johnii johnii x
15. Indian sand swimmer Ophiomorus raithmai x
16. Indian spiny‐tailed lizard Uromastyx hardwickii x II`
17. Pakistan ribbon snake Psammophis leithii x x
18. Royal diadem snake Spalerosophis diadema diadema x x
19. Saw scaled viper Echis carinatus pyramidum x
20. Yellow bellied house gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis x
Abbreviations: WPO – Wildlife Protection Ordinance; DD – Data Deficient
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Photographs: Biological Environment of the Project Area
Photograph 6‐17: Salvadora persecia Photograph 6‐18: Ficus religiosa
Photograph 6‐19: Acacia nilotica Photograph 6‐20: Bombax ceiba
Photograph 6‐21: Capparis Spinosa Photograph 6‐22: Cordia myxa
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Photograph 6‐23: Cassia holosericeai Photograph 6‐24: Dalbergia sissoo
Photograph 6‐25: Crested lark Photograph 6‐26: Egyptian vulture
Photograph 6‐27: Glossy ibis Photograph 6‐28: Indian robin
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Photograph 6‐29: Large cormorant Photograph 6‐30: Pied bushchat
Photograph 6‐31: Redshank Photograph 6‐32: Sindh pied woodpecker
Photograph 6‐33: White browed fantail Photograph 6‐34: Indian desert monitor lizard
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Photograph 6‐35: Indian garden lizard Photograph 6‐36: Asiatic jackal
Photograph 6‐37: Botanist during the EIA field
survey
Photograph 6‐38: Wildlife specialist during the
EIA field survey
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Socioeconomic Environment
A random sampling survey was carried out within Block (E.L. 2568‐21) and in its close
surroundings to collect first hand reliable and authentic socioeconomic data of the
area. For this purpose a semi‐structured interview schedule was used. The information
was collected with the objective to obtain a clear and complete understanding of the
social and economic conditions of the locals, assess the vulnerability of the local
communities and identify the concerns of locals regarding the proposed project
activities. During the socioeconomic field visit substantial information was collected
that was required to understand the socioeconomic conditions of the area and the
impacts of the proposed project on local communities. Since, the socioeconomic
assessment and recommendations for mitigation measures primarily addresses the
issue despite of individual/community. Issues related to individual/community will be
mitigated through an on‐site mechanism suggested in the EIA. The local residents will
be able to register their complaints and grievances during the project and the
individual or community not covered in this study will receive due compensation or
mitigation for its complaint. Socioeconomic environment and infrastructure of the
project area is shown in Figure 6‐6.
6.3.1 Study Objectives
The socioeconomic study undertaken for the EIA was designed and conducted to meet
the following objectives:
To assess the human environment of the area i.e. to determine the life’s quality of
communities within the region of influence;
To have an insight into the day to day activities of people especially focusing on
their income generating activities viz. agriculture, livestock and labor;
To access the vulnerabilities of the local communities and the effects of project
activities on their quality of life and;
Consultation with communities regarding the proposed project activities and to
find out their concerns and aspirations.
6.3.2 Study Methodology
Random Sampling Survey techniques were used to collect data in the project area. The
sampling locations were carefully selected for true representation of the project area.
Specific tools were used to conduct the study included informal group interviews,
focus group discussions, need assessment, participant observation, secondary data
review, village meetings and social mapping. At some places, key informants and
community activists were used as the main instruments for data collection. Focused
group discussions were conducted to assess the socioeconomic conditions, concerns
and problems of the communities.
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6.3.3 Administrative Boundaries
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) is located in geographical jurisdiction of Jamshoro,
Matiari and Hyderabad districts of Sindh province with a total area coverage of
approximately 1,397 square kilometers (km2). Out of total covered area of the block
district Jamshoro contributes the major part i.e. 1,133.5 km2 whereas, district Matiari
shares approx. 257 km2 and district Hyderabad contributes about 6.5 km2. Taluka wise
distribution of abovementioned districts is provided in table below:
District Taluka Area Coverage (km2)
Jamshoro Kotri 442
Manjhand 691.5
Hyderabad Hyderabad 6.5
Matiari
Hala 210
Matiari 4
Saeedabad 43
6.3.4 Demographic Profile
During the field visit of EIA population data on 23 villages/goths was collected and this
data is presented in Table 6‐15. All villages/goths/towns were carefully selected where
exploration activities have been planned or which might be influenced by the
propsoed exploration and associated development activities.
According to the recent census of 2017, the population of the area has been
significantly increased having annual growth rate of 2 – 3% to the 1998. For instance,
the population of Hyderabad districts have annual growth rate of 2.02%. If the
population grows at the present rate, it will be doubled in next 31 years. Population of
districts where Kotri North Block falls are detailed in table below:
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21)
District Population (Census)
Year 2017 Year 1998
Jamshoro 993,142 582,094
Matiari 769,349 494,244
Hyderabad 2,199,463 1,494,866
Source: www.pbs.gov.pk
a. Major Castes
In surveyed villages it is observed that the main castes/tribes (biraderies) inhabiting the
project area are Khaskheli, Mari Bloch, Khoso, Bhambro, Mallah, Talpur, Solangi,
Bhatti, Mughal, Syed, Shaikh, and Lashari. Some other minor biraderies of the area
include Bhenchai, Nizamani, Umrani, Daito, Bheel, Kohli, Qambrani, Jamali, Hajana,
Khokar, Shar, Palari and Chandio. Other populations depending on their professions
like mistri, naaee, kumhar and lohars etc. are also inhabitants of the project area. Sunni
sect is more prevalent in the area as compared to Shias. Other minorities that exist in
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the area are Christians, Hindus, Ahmadis and other schedule castes. The tribal
distribution of the surveyed villages is provided in Table 6‐16.
b. Basic Amenities
The cities and towns of the districts in the project area are inter‐connected through a
network of blacktop roads and jeepable tracks in fair weather. The access to most of
the villages of the project area is provided through katcha roads. The system of
communication in the project area is satisfactory. The project area can be accessed
through National Highway which enters the Kotri North Block from Karachi. The area
is connected to main cities of nearby districts through National Highway. Karachi –
Hyderabad motorway (M9) also enters the project area from southern side. A number
of farm to market roads also exist in the area. Brick roads are also in place connecting
villages with the main metaled road.
The main line of Pakistan railways runs through the districts. The major railway
stations exist in Hyderabad, Jungshahi and Latifabad. Besides these railway stations
there are many small railway stations located within the project area. The nearest
airports to the project area are Karachi, Nawabshah and Moenjo Daro.
Electricity and mobile facilities are present in almost every part of the project area. Out
of total 23 visited villages, electricity is available in 16 villages/towns however, the
residents complained about the load shedding. Project area has also a network of post
offices and postal facilities as well.
c. Languages
Sindhi is the mother tongue language being spoken in the project area followed by
Urdu and Punjabi etc. The locals in rural areas follow their norms and values very
rigidly/strictly than that of urban areas. But with the passage of time and development
trends, these societal values has been changed and are not followed as rigidly as it
used to be in the past.
d. Water Usage
There is a proper source of irrigation in many parts of the project area and in some
areas the land is irrigated with rainy water (mostly western and northwestern).
Drinking water supply schemes developed by Government departments also serves
the rural population. The remaining population fulfil their domestic water need from
groundwater borings, open dug wells and hand pumps. Sufficient amount of water for
drinking and domestic purposes is available in the area.
e. Pattern of Settlements
Settlements are mainly in the form of large and complex clusters/villages. At places,
these clusters are big blocks of 100 plus household while at other places small blocks
of 5 to 10 households also exist. Generally, aggregation of settlements is based on
kinship relations, with each settlement being inhabited by descendants from the same
family lineage. All the villages in the project area have usually two parts, the core and
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the suburbs. Usually the core contains the bulk of population while the suburbs have
cluster of houses along the roadsides where usually one family resides. There are two
considerations for moving outside the core village. Firstly, to have easy access to the
family’s farmlands and secondly, as the population of a household grows denser, it
requires more space for living.
f. Marriages
The ideal marriage age is 18 and 25 for females and males respectively in the project
area. These early marriages result in big households, which is clear from their high
populations. Presently, the trend of early marriages is on its decline due to increase in
literacy level. The concept of dowry has taken firm roots in the population. Marriages
are occasions of festivity for everyone in the village. A three dish menu is served for
common guests while special guests get special dishes.
g. Education
People in the project area are very conscious of the educational needs of the society. In
most of the cases every child of school‐going age in the project area is getting
education in one way or another. Almost every village of the study area has primary
school either in public or private sector. Middle and high schools are also present in
some of the villages of the project area. The network of Boys and Girls Degree Colleges
both in public and private sectors at Hyderabad and Jamshoro is providing higher
educational facilities. Main medium of education in most of the local schools is Urdu.
Private schools also exist in the project area where medium of education is mostly
English.
h. Health
There are District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospitals at Hyderabad and Matiari. There are
Basic Health Units (BHUs) and a number of Rural Health Centre (RHCs) also exist in
the project area and providing health care facilities to countless number of locals. In
addition to that, private health care facilties also exist in the project area.
During the survey, locals termed five most common diseases in the project area which
include acute respiratory infection, diarrhea, fever (clinical malaria), dysentery and
cough. Malaria tops the list of diseases, as every one out of ten patients is affected.
Serious medical cases are taken to Hyderabad and Karachi where better medical
facilities are available.
6.3.5 Economy of the Project Area
Economy of the project area is dependent on four occupations i.e. agriculture, services,
small business and livestock grazing. People are also involved in occupations such like
shopkeeping, transport, masonry and other daily wage earning occupations. However,
the bulk of workforce is working outside the village in armed forces and in large cities
such as Hyderabad and Karachi or abroad in the middle‐east.
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a. Major Occupations
Agriculture
There is a proper source of irrigation in the major parts of the project area. The existing
standards and management levels of agriculture in the project area are satisfactory. As
a result, the present subsistent agriculture produces enough to meet the food and
financial requirements of the farm population. Uncertainty in precipitation in some of
the rain‐fed areas is the primary constraint on agricultural development.
Diversified cropping pattern were practiced under existing conditions due to the
irrigation supplies. Whole of the area available for cultivation is very much fertile and
possesses great potentials for agricultural production provided optimum water and
non‐water inputs are applied. However, the other non‐water inputs will remain
underutilized unless adequate irrigation water is provided which is the basic and
more important input.
Tractors and harvesters are usually used by the locals for agricultural purposes. Main
Kharif crops are Jawar, Bajra, Rice, Cotton and Sugarcane while Rabi Crops are Wheat,
Barley, Gram, Mung, Peas and fruits like Mango, Banana, Chikoo, Guava, Grapes,
Jamun, Papaya, Phalsa and others are grown. Hyderabad district is also famous for the
production of flowers particularly roses (Rosa damascena).
Livestock
The practice of livestock rearing is majorly for household dairy needs. The concept of
livestock rearing for commercial purposes is very rare. As such this particular aspect
of an agrarian economy is largely overlooked. Majority of the households keep
livestock e.g. cows, goats and sheep. Buffaloes are common in irrigated areas only,
though few were observed in the parts of project area where pasture is less available.
All the animals are of native breed and thus they can survive the local harsh
environment and drought like conditions better.
Feeding practices include free grazing and stall‐feeding. Under free grazing system,
rangelands and government lands are used. Agricultural fields after harvests are also
used for grazing. Family members usually carry out the activity of grazing their
livestock but sometimes the services of local herder are taken. Some of the tribes have
large flocks of animals.
It is estimated that 80% of the work related to livestock is carried out by women and
children. This includes watering, feeding, milking and bathing the livestock. People
also keep poultry for domestic consumption of eggs and meat. Goats outnumber any
other farm animals as it can survive on meagre water and fodder. Data reveals that on
the average, each household has 7.5 heads of farm animals with at least 10 goats.
b. Other Occupations
Apart from agriculture and livestock, the male population has to resort to some other
alternatives as well. The other major occupations in the area are government services,
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shop keeping, fish farms and daily‐wagers. Some of the locals have also gone abroad
for work in the Gulf States. Poultry farming is also carried out on reasonable scale in
the area by the locals.
6.3.6 Gender Profile
Literature in gender studies suggests that poverty exacerbates gender disparities.
“Pakistan is only one of 12 countries which spends less than 2% of its GDP on
education” (HRCP, 2004). Out of this whole budget, only a tiny amount goes into the
primary education which is not enough for providing separate infrastructure for both
genders. Co‐education is not common especially after the primary education is over.
This explains a huge dropout rate amongst girls than prevalent for boys. Furthermore,
the literature also shows that inequalities between girls and boys in access to schooling
or adequate health care are more acute among the poor than among those with higher
incomes. These disparities disadvantage women and girls and limit their capacity to
participate in and benefit from development.
Siddiqui et al (2003) produces evidence that women empowerment leads to better
household consumption. “Empirical evidence showed if woman has empowerment
and control over household resources, they spend more money on basic needs such as
foods, clothing, education and health.” (Sathar and Kazi, 1997 and Siddiqui et al, 2003).
Focused group discussions separately with men and women in the area lead to the
following two generalizations:
Scarcity of resources aggravates the gender inequalities, depriving women of basic
needs, particularly education; and
Fatalistic cultural traditions/institutions work the same way as scarcity of
resources and results in women’s illiteracy.
The scarcity of resources is evident. When voice about cultural traditions and
institutions is raised, it necessarily includes religion as a guiding force. In the Sindhi
context, culture and religion are embedded deeply in social norms and behaviors.
Similarly, religion (as a variable noted in Dollar and Gatti’s analysis) may be attributed
to ‘extreme patriarchy’ a phenomenon cementing women alienation in rural
uneducated societies.
Women are not equal to men in the project area. There are various manifestations of
this phenomenon. For example, at bus stops there is neither sitting arrangements for
women nor toilet facilities. Women generally observe purdah (seclusion) from
outsiders. The purdah restrictions are more stringent for young girls. Adult women
may appear before male members of the same tribe. Restrictions on mobility vary with
the marital status, age of women, tribe affiliation and local customs. Mostly women in
Sindhi families of all ages shake hand with the male relatives. Married and relatively
older women are freer to attend marriage, death and birth ceremonies in other villages
and even go to markets with male members of the family.
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A married woman has to seek permission for a social visit from her husband or
mother in law and is usually accompanied by her husband or sister in law. Married
woman also do not observe purdah from male members of the same tribe or village. In
agriculture activity women help their male members in the fields.
Females from landowning families do not work in the fields. The gender specialist
analyzed that the poverty and women mobility are directly proportional. As much as
they get rich, the females secluded to their homes and observe strict purdah or even
wear black or mostly white veils. All women take dupata on their heads even inside
their homes and during household chores. Girls before attaining the puberty are
confined to their homes. For outdoor activities of fire wood collection, agriculture or
water fetching they use the same dupatas but for visiting the relatives for marriage and
death ceremonies and doctors for health issues, women wear Ajrak or big embroidered
dupata.
Shopping or recreational visit are very uncommon for women. Shopping for
unmarried girls is carried out by brothers or father while husbands do for the married
women. Mostly communities in the project area are peaceful. Karokari or honor killing
is uncommon in the area and no cases have been heard or reported for a long time
however, there are still killings of women on different pretexts ‘accidentally’. The
brutal killing is thought to discourage women’s mobility.
Decision making inside the household resides on the male head of the household.
Women are generally not consulted in issues related to households’ major decisions on
lands, cropping, marketing and livestock etc. Eldest women in the household usually
have issues related to marriages.
6.3.7 Development Needs
The analysis of field survey data suggests that education, health, electricity, potable
water and gas rank highest amongst all priorities but their relevant weightage varies
with locality i.e. demand for drinking water is higher in the project area that falls away
from Indus River and potable sources of drinking water are not available in the area.
The top three development priorities expressed by each sampled survey is shown in
Table 6‐17. Provision of waste management facilities and others e.g. employment,
micro financing & provision of sewerage system were identified as their priorities of
lesser weightage as compared to education, health, electricity, potable water and gas.
6.3.8 Archaeological and Religious Sites
There are no reported or documented sites of archaeological significance within the
project area that are protected by either the federal government under the Antiquities
Act, 1975 or the Government of Sindh under the Sindh Cultural Heritage
(Preservation) Act, 1994.
Antiquities are protected under clause 19(1) of the Antiquities Act 1975 and this law
defines an antiquity as: “any ancient (an antiquity in existence for a period of not less
than 75 years) product of human activity, movable or immovable”. Any antiquities
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found in the area that falls under the proponent’s area of operation, must be protected,
and not removed from their location. During the survey of the project area no surface
archaeological site (protected) was observed however, there are several sites of
religious and cultural interest in the entire spread of Kotri North Block.
A total 12 notified archaeological sites exist in Hyderabad district whereas, 4 in Matiari
and 8 in Jamshoro district. However, none of these falls under the geographical
jurisdication of Kotri North Block. It is important to highlight that, there are several
sites of cultural and religious significance spreading in entire stretch of Kotri North
Block in the form of shrines and graveyards. Therefore, mitigation measures suggested
for the protection of archaeological, cultural, heritage and religious environment will
be ensured.
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Table 6‐15: Households and Population Data of Goths/Villages/Towns
No. Village/Town Name District No. of Household* Population*
1. Goth Sufan Bacho Matiari 75 800
2. Goth Salaro Matiari 100 900
3. Goth Haji Shabu Matiari 120 1,200
4. Goth Suleman Barejo Matiari 15 80
5. Goth Mehram Khaskheli Matiari 300 2,000
6. Goth Bachal Dehta Matiari 250 1,500
7. Shahpur Matiari 600 4,000
8. Goth Tajpur Matiari 1,200 5,500
9. Goth Tadri Mori Hyderabad 10 90
10. Goth Tando Syed Khan Mitho Hyderabad 1,500 6,500
11. Goth Raees Ghulam Ali Mari Hyderabad 60 650
12. Goth Hayat Bhatti Hyderabad 250 900
13. Goth Sayen Dino Mallah Jamshoro 400 1,500
14. Goth Darya Baig Mughal Hyderabad 1,200 9,000
15. Goth Khuda Baksh Jamshoro 8 40
16. Goth Bakhshia Mari Jamshoro 300 1,200
17. Goth Aliabad Jamshoro 2,000 15,000
18. Goth Karim Deno Jamshoro 50 500
19. Goth Jaitharo Jamshoro 20 80
20. Goth Bego Khan Mirjat Jamshoro 800 4,500
21. Goth Haji Ishaq Hyderabad 45 400
22. Goth Gulshan‐e‐Shahbaz Hyderabad 1,100 5,500
23. Goth Wadero Misri Hyderabad 90 700
Total 2,319 14,750
Notes: * Approximate numbers (information provided by the locals and best judgement during the field survey)
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Table 6‐16: Tribal Distribution
No. Village/Town Name Vital Tribes
1. Goth Sufan Bacho Bhenchai
2. Goth Salaro Nizamani/Khaskheli
3. Goth Haji Shabu Mari Baloch
4. Goth Suleman Barejo Khoso
5. Goth Mehram Khaskheli Khaskheli, Bhambro, Khoso
6. Goth Bachal Dehta Mallah, Umrani, Daito
7. Shahpur Khoso, Mari, Kohli, Bheel
8. Goth Tajpur Talpur, Solangi, Khoso, Qambrani, Jamali
9. Goth Tadri Mori Khoso, Hajana, Khaloro
10. Goth Tando Syed Khan Mitho Mari, Mirbahar, Khaloro, Hajana
11. Goth Raees Ghulam Ali Mari Mari Bugti
12. Goth Hayat Bhatti Bhatti
13. Goth Sayen Dino Mallah Mirbahar, Khaloro
14. Goth Darya Baig Mughal Mughal
15. Goth Khuda Baksh Mari Bugti
16. Goth Bakhshia Mari Sheikh, Mari, Mallah, Kohli
17. Goth Aliabad Lashari, Shar, Hajana, Baloch, Khokar
18. Goth Karim Deno Mirbahar
19. Goth Jaitharo Burfat
20. Goth Bego Khan Mirjat Burfat, Khoso, Mirjat, Shora, Kanrio
21. Goth Haji Ishaq Laghari, Mari
22. Goth Gulshan‐e‐Shahbaz Baloch, Chandio, Palari, Kholro
23. Goth Wadero Misri Sheikh, Palari
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Table 6‐17: Development Priorities of the Communities of Suveyed Villagees
Village/Goth Name Development Priorities
1 2 3
Goth Sufan Bacho Electricity Health ‐
Goth Salaro Health Employment ‐
Goth Haji Shabu Electricity Health Education
Goth Suleman Barejo Health Education ‐
Goth Mehram Khaskheli Health Waste Management ‐
Goth Bachal Dehta Education Health ‐
Shahpur Waste Management Employment Micro financing
Goth Tajpur Education Waste management Micro financing
Goth Tadri Mori Electricity Health Employment
Goth Tando Syed Khan Mitho Potable water Employment ‐
Goth Raees Ghulam Ali Mari Health Employment ‐
Goth Hayat Bhatti Gas Employment ‐
Goth Sayen Dino Mallah Electricity Waste management Employment
Goth Darya Baig Mughal Gas Employment ‐
Goth Khuda Baksh Electricity Potable water ‐
Goth Bakhshia Mari Electricity Potable water Education
Goth Aliabad Gas Potable water Health
Goth Karim Deno Health Education Potable water
Goth Jaitharo Electricity Gas Potable water
Goth Bego Khan Mirjat Education Health ‐
Goth Haji Ishaq Education Potable water Education
Goth Gulshan‐e‐Shahbaz Potable water Health Sewerage system
Goth Wadero Misri Health Waste management ‐
h
h
h
h
h
Goth Rais Ghulam Ali Mari
Goth Tando Syed Khan Mitho
Sindh UniversityJamshoro
DHQ Matiari
Jamshoro Power Plant/ Water Sample 5
Sindh Agriculture University
Goth Akro
Goth Tajpur
Goth Salaro
Goth Jaitharo
Goth Aliabad
Goth Haji Ishaq
Goth Karim Deno
Goth Tadri Mori
Goth Haji Shabu
Goth Khuda baksh
Goth Sufan Bacho
Goth Hayat Bhatti
Goth Bachal DehtaGoth Bakhshia Marri
Goth Suleman Barejo
Goth Bego Khan Mirjat
Goth Sayen Dino Malah
Goth Mehram Khazkheli
Goth Gulshan e Shahbaz
Goth Darya Baig MughalShrine of Wali Muhammad
Dargah Dado Khamiso Fakir
Shrine Baba Allah akhsh Jilani
Dargah Syed Muhammad Shah BukhariGoth Wadero Misri Water Sample 6
Kotri
Hala
Matiari
Thatta
Hyderabad
Latifabad
Tando Adam
Qasimabad
Tando Allahyar
Jamshoro
Matiari
Hyderabad
Thatta
Sanghar
68°30'0"E
68°30'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°20'0"E
68°10'0"E
68°10'0"E25
°50
'0"N
25°5
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°4
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°3
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
25°2
0'0
"N
·0 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 Km
Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Limited
Fig 6-6 Communities , Infrastructure & Archeaological Resource Map
Project:EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568-21)
LegendBlock Boundary/Project Area
"" Communties
×[ Gas Compression Facility
×k Graveyard
"' Hospital
!a Power Plant
Shrine
¥B¢ University
h Water Sampling Location
!C Existing Well Site
Nationla HighwayReserve Forest (SOP)
Tehsil BoundariesDistrict Boundaries
United EnergyPakistan
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Photographs: Socioeconomic, Cultural & Archeaological Environment of the Project Area
Photograph 6‐39: A view of Goth Sufan Bacho Photograph 6‐40: Primary school of Goth
Salaro
Photograph 6‐41: Graveyard of Goth Salaro Photograph 6‐42: Graveyard of Goth Sufan
Bacho
Photograph 6‐43: Primary school in Goth
Bachal Dehta
Photograph 6‐44: A view of Shahpur
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Photograph 6‐45: Boys’ primary school in Goth
Tajpur
Photograph 6‐46: Girls’ primary school in Goth
Tajpur
Photograph 6‐47: Dargah Wali Muhammad in
Goth Tajpur
Photograph 6‐48: Sindh Agriculture University
Photograph 6‐49: Primary school in Goth
Tando Syed Khan Mitho
Photograph 6‐50: DHQ Matiari
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Photograph 6‐51: Dargah Syed Muhammad
Shah Bukhari
Photograph 6‐52: A view of Goth Bakhshia
Mari
Photograph 6‐53: A view of Goth Karim Deno Photograph 6‐54: A view of Goth Jaitharo
Photograph 6‐55: Dargah Baba Allah Baksh
Jilani
Photograph 6‐56: A view of Goth Haji Ishaq
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Photograph 6‐57: A view of Goth Gulshan‐e‐
Shahbaz
Photograph 6‐58: A view of Goth Wadero
Misri
Photograph 6‐59: BHU Hyderabad Photograph 6‐60: High tension electric poles
crossing through the project area
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7 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigations
This section discusses the potential positive and negative impacts that may arise from
the proposed exploration & development activities and the mitigation measures that
will be adopted to reduce or minimize these impacts. The impacts and mitigation
related to physical, biological and socioeconomic environment have been discussed
under three separate headings.
Physical Environment
7.1.1 Changes in Landscape & Soil Erosion
The potential sources for changes in landscape and soil erosion due to the proposed
project activities include operation of vibroseis, preparation and establishment of
campsites for seismic/drilling/flow line/GPF operations, preparation of new tracks for
seismic operations, construction of access roads for well sites, construction of well
sites, quarrying of gravel or sand, use of project access roads, off‐road travel,
development of new access tracks and earthworks at RoW/GPF for flow lines.
a. Source Specific Assessment
Seismic Operation
For seismic lines in agricultural lands, shot or deep holes will be drilled for which no
line clearing will be required. At selected locations upholes will be done which will
not require significant land clearing. Vibroseis technique will be mostly used in areas
having flat topography (not in agriculture fields).
Preparation of Campsites for Seismic Operation – For seismic operation campsites will be
developed to accommodate the seismic crew. The campsites will preferably be located
in levelled land and existing clearings to avoid any disturbance to soil or vegetation.
Preparation of Access Tracks for Seismic Operation – Due to the presence of numerous
existing access tracks, the need for preparation of new tracks will be minimal. Only
limited number of tracks might have to be prepared to access remote locations. The
mitigation measures listed at the end of the section will ensure that any impacts due to
this activity are kept to the minimum.
Drilling Operation
Construction of Access Road – The existing tracks will be upgraded and used as much as
possible, except for small stretches of new tracks that will be built to access proposed
well sites. Construction of the access tracks in the levelled sections will not involve any
major cut and fill. Since, the entire road section will be covered with compacted gravel
topping (the topping maybe of in‐situ or imported gravel) soil erosion from the road
will not occur. Because of compacted gravel topping no erosion from the road will
occur.
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Mitigation measures to minimize chances of soil erosion or land slippage from the
entire length of the road have been recommended at the end of this section. This will
primarily be due to wind erosion, from earth‐fill stock piles and loose road surface
during construction.
Construction of Well Sites and Campsites – For each well site, land will have to be cleared
for the preparation of well site, rig camp, security camp and access track. Considering
the limited land area requirement for the development of a well and rig campsite
(approximately 32,400 sq. m for well site, 8,000 sq. m for rig camp and 3,900 sq. m for
security camp), no significant impacts due to this activity will occur provided the
mitigation measures listed at the end of this section are adhered with. The well site
and rig camp are proposed in levelled areas so no large earthworks would be required
for their construction. The top surface at these areas will be compacted minimizing
any chances of soil erosion.
Quarrying of Earth‐fill – During construction of well sites, rig camps and access roads
fill material may be required. Quarrying if done un‐appropriately can lead to erosion.
To minimize erosion due to quarrying, the quarry sites will be carefully selected such
that they are located in levelled areas with existing clearing and the quarry sites are
restored after use.
Laying of Flow Lines/Tie‐in/Wellhead Works
Laying of Flow Lines – Flow lines will be laid to connect producing wells to the main
processing plant/facility. For the flow lines potential sources of soil erosion may
include clearing of land along the Right of Way (RoW) which will be 40 to 50 ft. for
flow lines, use of existing tracks, development of short reaches of new tracks and
preparation of construction campsites.
The flow lines generally run along the access roads to the well sites and further to the
processing plant/facility. In the project area, the flow lines should preferably follow
the roads developed to access the individual well locations. Lying of flow lines should
avoid major cut and fill during construction/establishment.
During the laying of flow lines use of the existing local access tracks and roads should
be used. Development of new roads should be minimized. The construction camps
developed during laying of the flow lines should be located in flat terrain and existing
clearings.
A certain level of soil loss can be expected from poorly compacted backfills over
buried flow lines and the use of dirt tracks during laying of flow lines. In order to
minimize this soil loss, it is recommended that laying of flow line activities should be
planned keeping into consideration two key principles 1); to minimize disturbance to
soil by minimizing land clearing and 2); to minimize loss of soil from disturbed areas
by ensuring soil binding. Detailed mitigation measures based on these principles are
listed at the end of this section below.
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Quarrying of Earth‐fill – The impacts will remain the same as discussed in the section
on drilling operation.
Construction/Establishment of GPF/CPP
Establishment/Construction of GPF/CPP – Construction/establishment of GPF/CPP will
be carried out in an already existing cleared and levelled land. Considering the limited
land area requirement for the plant and a single access road will be developed, no
significant impacts due to this activity will occur provided the mitigation measures
listed at the end of this section are adhered with. Construction will follow good
industry practices to avoid unnecessary clearing outside the work corridors and
likelihood of soil erosion along or across natural drainage paths. The access road will
be properly compacting to minimize soil erosion. Construction camps will be located
in flat area with existing clearings.
Quarrying of Earth‐fill – During construction activities fill material may be required.
Quarrying if done un‐appropriately can lead to erosion. To minimize erosion due to
quarrying, the quarry sites will be carefully selected such that they are located in
levelled areas with existing clearing and the quarry sites are properly restored after
use.
Road Travel during Project – The use of the road during the project may result in erosion
of soil from the road surface. On gravel‐topped roads, erosion is less significant due to
the compacted gravel topping. During the project, erosion from road surface will be
minimized by sprinkling of water over the project access road and compacting loose
surfaces wherever required. However, as water is a precious resource in the area there
will have to be some rationing of its use.
b. Residual Impacts
Even after application of mitigation measures the characteristics of the residual
impacts for each component of proposed project activity are tabulated below:
Characteristic Activity
Seismic Drilling GPF/CPP Flow Lines
Duration Medium Medium Medium Medium
Extent Local Local Local Local
Likelihood Certain Possible Possible Possible
Consequence Minor Minor Minor Minor
Reversibility Reversible Reversible Reversible Reversible
Significance Medium Low Low Low
c. Mitigation Measures
General
During construction movement of construction equipment will be restricted to
work areas only to avoid unnecessary disturbance to soils in the project area;
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To minimize erosion due to quarrying, the quarry sites will be carefully selected
such that they are located in levelled areas with existing clearing and the quarry
sites will be restored after use;
Clearing of vegetation and the cutting of trees will be minimized as much as
possible;
Off‐road travel will be strictly prohibited and observance of this will be monitored
during the operation;
Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid excessive dust emissions;
Total land uptake by the camps and access road will be kept to the minimum
required;
Periodic trainings will be provided to drivers on mitigation measures related to
off‐road travel and speed limits;
UEPL Rep and IMC will monitor the access tracks (other than the main access
track for the project) to be used by water tankers, dumper trucks and other
vehicles;
Stream crossings when built shall be such that the slopes of the stream bank are
properly adjusted and compacted resulting in a stabilized and sealed surface; and
The width of the new/improved track should be kept to the minimum 5 m
required, except at bends where safety considerations will dictate additional
width.
Seismic Operation
Seismic lines in the undulating plains will follow natural contours wherever
possible. However, in areas where seismic line cutting is a requirement, the
activity will be carried out in a way that would minimize disturbance to natural
topography and soils;
The width of seismic lines cleared for vibroseis will be limited to 4.5 m to minimize
clearing of vegetation and disturbance to soil;
Construction and seismic camps will be located in existing clearings and on
levelled land;
During seismic operation the number of routes used will be kept to a minimum
and road travel will be minimized; and
During seismic operation the preparation of new access tracks will be minimized.
Where improvement of existing tracks or development of short lengths of new
tracks is unavoidable the width of the access track will not exceed 5.5 m.
Drilling Operation
Total land uptake by each well site, rig camp and access road will be kept to the
minimum required;
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The access track to each well site will be selected to utilize existing tracks as much
as possible;
The well site, rig camp and construction camp will preferably be located in existing
clearing and levelled land and will avoid major earthworks; and
The access track to each well site will be properly compacted at the time of
construction and thereafter properly maintained throughout the entire
construction and drilling operation.
Laying of Flow Lines/Tie‐in/Wellhead Works
Land area requirements for construction camps and RoW of flow line laying will
be kept to the minimum required;
Topsoil of the RoW will be separately stored. This topsoil will be backfilled after
proper compaction ensuring minimum loss of topsoil;
Clearing of vegetation (especially dense vegetation) will be minimized by careful
selection of construction camps and flow line alignment; and
During the laying of flow line, use of the existing local access tracks and gravel top
roads prepared should be used. Development of new tracks should be minimized.
The construction camp developed during laying of flow line should be located in
flat terrain and existing clearings.
Construction/Establishment of GPF/CPP
Land uptake for establishment of GPF/CPP and access road will be kept to the
minimum required;
Existing access tracks to the GPF/CPP will be used as much as possible;
Already cleared and levelled land will be acquired for GPF/CPP avoiding major
earthworks; and
Access track to the GPF/CPP will be properly compacted at the time of
construction and thereafter properly maintained throughout the entire operational
life.
7.1.2 Soil and Water Contamination
During seismic operations, potential sources of impact will include domestic wastes,
fuel or oil leakages or spills, bentonite mud used during drilling of shot holes and
upholes. During drilling operations potential sources may include domestic wastes,
drilling mud (WBM or may be OBM) and cuttings, produced formation fluids, and
spillage or leakage of fuel, oil or chemicals. During flow line laying, tie‐in & wellhead
works wastewater will be generated during hydro‐testing in addition to domestic
wastes generated at the campsites. Similarly, during construction/establishment of
GPF/CPP potential sources of impact will include domestic wastes (solid & liquid),
fuel or oil leakages or spills and other construction wastes.
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a. Waste Generation and Disposal
Waste will be generated during the proposed exploration and development activities.
If the waste generated during the project activities is managed and disposed of in an
environmentally friendly manner then adverse impacts related to soil and water
contamination could be avoided or minimized. Moreover, if all mitigation measures
recommended in this EIA are followed, contamination of soil or water resources is not
expected to occur and hence impacts will not be cumulative. For the purpose of risk
assessment the likelihood of oil spillages during transportation has been assessed as
possible. Because any contamination that may occur will be remediated following
standard protocols, the effect of such spills will therefore not be cumulative.
A water based mud system is normally used by United Energy Pakistan Limited due
to its environmental preference over oil based mud. Generally two broad categories of
muds are used for drilling of oil or gas wells i.e. oil based and water based. Oil based
mud is formulated by mixing chemicals with diesel. This mud is not considered to be
environment friendly due to the risk of contamination of subsurface formations during
drilling and the generation of oily drilled cuttings which require specialized handling
and treatment. If cuttings not handled, stored and treated properly then it may result
in soil and water contamination. UEPL may use Mineral Oil Based Mud System
(OBM) during drilling activity where wellbore issues will be encountered. However,
the use of OBM will be limited to short reaches of section/s. In order to cool the
drilling bit and flush out rock fragments, diesel‐based drilling mud will be
continuously circulated down the drill pipe and back up the well hole. By circulating
the mud through the drill string and up out of the hole, the mud will carry oil
contaminated drilled solids (cuttings) to the surface. The separated solids (cuttings)
will be temporarily stored in a lined cuttings pit or in steel containers and will be
transported to land farming site or thermal desorption contractor site in dump trucks
with water tight containers for treatment. The final disposal of drill cuttings with OBM
will be carried out after treatment at land farming site or by thermal desorption. OBM
cuttings will be treated and disposed of in guidance with American Petroleum
Institute (API) or State of Louisiana, Department of Natural Resources, State Wide
Order 29B (LSO – 29B). The final disposal of drill cuttings may be disposal into HDPE
lined pits, concrete lined pits, land spread after dilution with native soil, use as fill
material for road construction or cement solidification. The drill cuttings and mud
produced during use of WBM will be disposed of at the well site within lined waste
pits. Domestic and excavation debris, plastic equipment wrapping is the major waste
that will be produced during construction of CPF/GPF.
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A summary of waste generated due to proposed exploration and associated
development activities, including type and description of waste and recommended
waste disposal methods are provided in the following table:
Activity
Description Proposed Disposal Method Seismic
Dri lling
GPF/CPP
Flow Lines
Food waste: Kitchen waste e.g. fruit,
meat, vegetable residues etc.
Burial in bury
pit/composting
Recycleable waste: Paper, plastic,
textiles, cardboard, rubber, wood,
glass, tin cans, metal scrap,
aluminium cans, ferrous/non‐
ferrous materials and batteries etc.
Oily waste: Oily rags and used oil
etc.
Recycling
Recycling & incineration
Recycleable waste: Plastic or
aluminum pipe protection etc.
Recycling
Clinical waste: Syringes, glass
bottles, used bandages and expired
drugs etc.
Incinerate at appropriate
facility
Grey water: Wastewater from
kitchen, laundry and showers etc.
To be first sent to septic
tanks and finally
disposed of in soak pits
In case the soak pits get
filled during the
operation, grey water
will be transferred to
nearest municipal drains
with prior approval of
concerned authorities
Sewage/Black water: Wastewater
from toilets
STP should be the
preferred option
If no STP is available
then to be disposed of in
septic tanks and soak
pits
Drilling waste: Drill cuttings, excess
or spent drilling mud and rig wash
water
A water based mud will
primarily be used
during drilling. The drill
cuttings and WBM will
be stored at the well site
in lined pit. The drilling
mud will be allowed to
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Activity
Description Proposed Disposal Method
Seismic
Dri lling
GPF/CPP
Flow Lines
evaporate inside the
mud pit and also dry
out. After that, the mud
pit and the cuttings pit
will be backfilled
OBM and cuttings will
be passed through a
separation system
consisting of shale
shakers and a Hi‐G
dryer. The separated
solids (cuttings) will be
temporarily stored in a
lined cuttings pit or in
steel containers and will
be transported to land
farming site or thermal
desorption contractor
site
Bentonite mud & cuttings: For
drilling of upholes and deep holes
to avoid the holes from collapsing
To be disposed of into
earthen pits, backfilled
after the mud and
cuttings are dried.
Bentonite is a natural
clay material and non‐
hazardous in nature.
The mud and cuttings
after drying will return
to dust
Minor Oil spills/soil
contaminated by oil
leakages or stains: Leaks
from vehicles,
equipment, or storage
containers at campsites
or work areas outside
the campsite or oil or
fuel stains produced
during handling and
transfer operations
Specialized treatment
such as incineration or
remediation such as
thermal, chemical or
biological
Best industrial
guidelines will be
followed
In case of chemical spill
the contaminated soil to
be land filled
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Activity
Description Proposed Disposal Method
Seismic
Dri lling
GPF/CPP
Flow Lines
Quantity: Area and
depth of soil
contaminated; < 1 m2
and 0.3 m respectively
Moderate Fuel, oil or chemical
spills during transfer
or handling operations.
Quantity: Spill less than
200 litres
Major Spill during
transportation of fuel,
oil or chemicals or
failure of the
containment areas
Quantity: Spill more
than 200 litres
Wastewater generating from process:
Cleaning and hydro‐testing of
pipelines
To be disposed of in
earthen pits
To be drained to the
nearest drainage
channel with prior
approval of concerened
Produced Water To be disposed of in
impermeable (HDPE)
lined evaporation ponds
To be re‐injected into
deep subsurface
formations where
possible
Condensate To be transported and
sold to the nearest
refinery
Solid Waste: Concrete, building
materials, off cut pipe, plastic pipe
protectors, plastic sheeting and
cable drums etc.
Landfilling and
recycling as appropriate
b. Residual Impacts
It is believed that after applying the recommended mitigation measures, no
contamination of soil or water will occur.
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Characteristic
Waste Type
Domestic and
Clinical Wastes
Fuel, Oil or
Chemical
Spills
Operational
Wastes
Duration Short Medium Medium
Extent Local Local Local
Likelihood Unlikely Possible Unlikely
Consequence Minor Minor Minor
Reversibility Reversible Reversible Reversible
Significance Low Medium Low
c. Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures for each category of waste are listed below. Where a category of
waste is common, the mitigation measures will apply equally to all segments of the
proposed project.
Domestic and Medical Wastes
Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) shall be preferred for handling of black/grey water
under BATNEEC/BAT, but in case of unavailability of STP, septic tank and soak
pits shall be provided. Septic tank and soak pit shall be covered properly to avoid
any bad smell in surrounding areas;
Wastewater from laundry, kitchen washings and showers will be disposed of into
separate soak pits;
Soak pits will be built in absorbent soil and located 300 m away from a perennial
surface water source or water well;
Soak pits will be constructed such that surface runoff cannot enter the pits;
Soak pits will be designed to accommodate wastewater generated during the total
duration of the operation;
In case the septic tank gets filled with sludge, septic tank shall be emptied through
vacuum truck and material shall be transferred to treatment facility or approved
municipal drain;
No solid waste will be disposed of in the field. All solid wastes will be disposed of
in waste bins provided within the campsite’s area;
All types of combustible, non‐combustible and hazardous wastes including plastic
or glass bottles and cans will be temporarily stored on site and sold/handed over to
a waste/recycling contractor who will utilize these wastes for recycling purposes;
Burning of wastes (any type) will not be allowed;
At the time of restoration septic tanks will be dismantled in place and backfilled
with at least 1 m of soil cover;
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At the time of restoration soak pits will be backfilled with at least 1 m of soil cover;
and
Medical wastes will be temporarily stored onsite separately and incinerated at
appropriate facility.
Oily & Hazardous Wastes
Used oil and wastes will be transported to local contractors for recycling;
Shovels, plastic bags and absorbent material should be present near fuel and oil
storage or handling areas to attend spills and leaks;
A spill prevention and contingency plan will be prepared to deal with moderate
and major spills;
The soil contaminated from major spills may require specialized treatment such as
incineration or bioremediation. In case of chemical spill the contaminated soil may
have to be landfilled;
The soil contaminated from minor and moderate spills will be removed and
properly buried in such a manner that it does not contaminate the surrounding
soils or groundwater. In the case of spill >200 liters the contaminated soil will be
disposed of in line with the best industrial practices;
Fuels tanks will be daily checked for leaks and all such leaks will be plugged
immediately;
Fuel and oil storage areas will have secondary containment in the form of concrete
or brick masonry bunds. The volume of the containment area should be equal to
125% of the total volume of fuel stored;
All fuel tanks will be properly marked to highlight their contents;
All fuel and oil storage areas will have a concrete pad underneath to prevent soil
contamination in case of leaks or spills; and
Vehicles will be daily checked for fuel or oil leaks. Vehicles with leaks will not be
operated until repaired.
Operational Wastes
At the time of restoration all pin flags, signs and refuse from seismic lines will be
removed;
Bentonite mud used for the purpose of uphole and deep hole drilling will be
prepared in rig tanks. The used mud will be disposed of in the pit and left to dry.
After the mud has dried the pit will be backfilled;
During fuel and oil transfer operations such as re‐fuelling vibroseis/bulldozers
through a dedicated fuel vehicle, drips and spills will be avoided and drip pans
will be used;
A water based mud system will primarily be used for drilling of wells;
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Waste pit at the well site will be lined with an HDPE liner;
The drill cuttings and WBM will be disposed into a pit lined with an impermeable
geo‐membrane. The pit will be larger than the required capacity to accommodate
overflows. At the time of restoration the pit will be backfilled with the cuttings
encapsulated within the liner and with a top soil cover;
The final disposal of OBM (if used) and contaminated drill cuttings will be carried
out after treatment at land farming site or thermal desorption;
UEPL will carry out feasibility study and prepare detailed treatment and disposal
plan of OBM cuttings;
OBM (if used) cuttings will be treated and disposed of (based on the chemical test
results) in guidance with American Petroleum Institute (API) or State of Louisiana,
Department of Natural Resources, State Wide Order 29B (LSO – 29B);
Produced formation fluids during testing will be flared along with the gas or
collected inside the lined waste pit at the well site. In case the fluids discharge into
the flare pit the soil at the sides of the flare pit will be excavated and disposed of
into the lined waste pit at the well site; and
Water used for cleaning and hydro‐testing of pipelines will be collected in earthen
pits where it will evaporate with time or drained into the nearest drainage channel
with the prior approval of concerned. The residual sludge or solids and the liner
will be disposed of following best industrial practices.
Minimum Distances for Waste Pits
Septic tanks and soak pits at 300 m from local water wells or hand pumps;
Drill cuttings and mud pits at the well site 300 m from local water resource; and
All other waste pits or enclosures at least 300 m from local settlements and local
water resources.
7.1.3 Climate and Ambient Air Quality
a. Source Specific Assessment
This section of the report considers the sources of emissions generated during the
proposed exploration and development activities on ambient air quality. The sources
of emissions can be categorized into intermittent and short term sources of emissions
during the operations which will last for a few months including seismic, drilling and
laying of flow lines.
Monitoring of air emissions from generators used in exploration activities shows that
the emissions remain within the NEQS (HPK’s various Independent Environmental
Monitoring projects of exploration and development activities in Sindh region). The
emissions will also disperse quickly with the prevalent wind currents.
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Exhaust Emissions from Generators, Vehicles & Equipment
As discussed earlier stack emissions from generators that will be used at the campsites
and well site will generally remain within NEQS/SEQS. Any slight increase from the
NEQS/SEQS will not have any impact on the environment, as the emissions will
quickly disperse with the prevailing wind currents. Control over black smoke from
vehicles and construction machinery shall be kept by maintaining visual monitoring
and tuning or maintenance of the vehicles.
Dust Emissions due to Construction & Road Travel
Dust emissions due to construction and road travel shall be minimized by practising
good construction practices (such as keeping stock piles down wind and away from
communities and camp) and sprinkling water over the access road (wherever
required).
Emissions from Flaring
Emissions in the form of oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur will be produced
during flaring. Emissions from flaring will have no effects on communities or rig site
workers and local air quality because the flare pit will be kept downwind of the well
site and more than 300 m from communities and the emissions will disperse and
dilute with prevalent wind currents. Safe distance will also be maintained for
construction/establishment of GPF/CPP.
Possible H2S Emissions in Case of Emergency
In the event of any release of hydrogen sulphide gas above safe acceptable limits
emergency response procedures will be adopted.
b. Residual Impacts
It is believed that after applying the recommended mitigation measures, no
deterioration of air quality will occur.
Characteristic Activity
Seismic Drilling GPF/CPP Flow Lines
Duration Short Short Long Short
Extent Local Local Local Local
Likelihood Unlikely Unlikely Possible Unlikely
Consequence Minor Minor Minor Minor
Reversibility Reversible Reversible Reversible Reversible
Significance Low Low Medium Low
c. Mitigation Measures
General
Campsites will be located at least 300 m away from communities;
During construction dust emissions due to road travel will be minimized by
regulating vehicles speed and watering of the access track (wherever required);
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Burning of waste (any kind) will not be allowed;
Generators, compressors and vehicles used will be maintained in a good condition
to ensure that emissions are kept to a minimum level;
During operation, emissions from all point sources should be monitored to check
compliance with SEQS;
Dust emissions during construction activities should be minimized by good
management practices such as locating stock piles out of the wind direction,
keeping the height of the stock piles to a minimum, keeping earthwork areas damp
etc.;
During construction leveling or widening along the access roads will be done in
sections, immediately followed by sprinkling of water and also preferably
compaction (where required); and
Appropriate measures will be taken to avoid ozone depletion & global warming
e.g. prohibit use of CFC gases etc.
Seismic Operation
Generators, compressors and vehicles used during seismic operations will be
maintained in a good condition to ensure that emissions are kept to a minimum
level.
Drilling Operation
Generators and vehicles used during construction of each well site and subsequent
drilling operations will be maintained in a good condition to ensure that emissions
are kept to a minimum level;
During drilling and construction dust emissions due to road travel will be
minimized by regulating and monitoring vehicles speed and watering of the access
track;
The access track selected to access the well location will maintain a reasonable
distance from communities; and
Flare pit will be kept downwind of the well site and at least 300 m from the nearest
community. The duration of flaring during well testing will be kept to the
minimum required.
Establishment/Construction of GPF/CPP
During detailed design for the GPF/CPP, emissions from point sources such as
flare and incinerator (for acid gases) should be modelled so that if there are any ill‐
effects on local communities and workers appropriate mitigation measures such
adjusting the stack heights can be taken; and
During operation of the GPF/CPP emissions from all point sources should be
monitored to check compliance with SEQS.
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Lying of Flow Lines/Tie‐in/Wellhead Works
Access tracks used during laying of gas pipeline passing through communities will
be avoided. If unavoidable a speed limit of less than 30 km/hr will be observed on
the section of the road passing through the community.
Minimum Distances
The following minimum distances will be maintained from communities:
o Well Site, rig camp and construction camps for all activities – 300 m
o Quarry locations – 1,000 m
o Flare pit at well sites – 300 m
Access tracks to well sites and any other permanent facility – 300 m unless driven
by community demand. If a distance less than 300 m is maintained appropriate
water sprinkling over the access track.
Access tracks used during drilling – Preferably access tracks passing through
communities will be avoided. If unavoidable a speed limit of less than 30 km/hr
will be observed on the section of the road passing through the community.
7.1.4 Noise Pollution
a. Source Specific Assessment
Sources of noise during seismic, construction including GPF/CPP and drilling will be
generators, vehicles, drilling rig, flaring during well testing, plant operation and
construction equipment & machinery. These sources of noise like air emissions can be
categorized as short term and intermittent arising from seismic and drilling activities
and other associated developmental activities.
Increased noise levels during the operations although will not accumulate but can
individually be a source of nuisance for locals and a source of disturbance to wildlife.
Monitoring of actual noise levels from drilling rigs and campsites has also shown that
noise during construction and drilling attenuates to ambient levels (background levels
within the project area) after approximately 300 m from the campsites and well site.
Noise levels monitored from different vehicles under different conditions by HPK in
other drilling operations show that the noise levels from all vehicles comply with the
NEQS/SEQS level of 85 dB @ 7.5 m from the source and reach the ambient noise level
in the area at distances ranging from 40 to 70 m from the source. Table presented
below explains the permissible noise exposure limits which shall be met at working
sites during the entire course of operation.
For Lex & LAeq For Peak Pr (Lpk)
OSHA Action Level 85 dB‐A for TWA of 8 hours exposure
135 dB‐C 82 dB‐A for TWA of 12 hours exposure
OSHA Upper
Exposure Limit
90 dB‐A for TWA of 8 hours exposure 140 dB‐C
87 dB‐A for TWA of 12 hours exposure
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As the project facilities will maintain appropriate distances from communities, effects
of noise on communities will not occur. Similarly, effects of vehicles noise on
communities will also not occur if the access tracks maintain a reasonable safe distance
from communities. Any effects of noise during the operation shall be further mitigated
by the measures listed below.
b. Residual Impacts
It is believed that after applying the recommended mitigation measures, the effects of
noise will be of low significance.
Characteristic Activity
Seismic Drilling GPF/CPP Flow Lines
Duration Short Short Long Long
Extent Local Local Local Local
Likelihood Unlikely Unlikely Unlikely Unlikely
Consequence Minor Minor Minor Minor
Reversibility Reversible Reversible Reversible Reversible
Significance Low Low Low Low
c. Mitigation Measures
It shall be ensured that generators, vehicles and other potentially noisy equipment
used are in good working condition;
Well sites, campsites and all other project related surface facilities e.g. GPF/CPP
will be located 300 m away from nearest communities;
The use of horns by project vehicles shall be minimized. The use of pressure horns
shall not be allowed;
Movement of all project vehicles and personnel shall be restricted to within work
areas;
Noise levels at communities nearest to the GPF/CPP shall be monitored by Health,
Safety and Environment Officer (HSEO) of UEPL. In case these are found to exceed
safe acceptable limits appropriate mitigation shall be taken;
Generators will be kept within enclosures to minimize dispersion of noise; and
In areas with higher noise levels or longer shifts ear plugs and earmuffs will be
provided to workers.
7.1.5 Use of Water
a. Source Specific Assessment
Use of water from local surface or groundwater resources for the project resulting in
decreased availability of water for local users.
The project area have well‐established surface water resource. The most important
surface water feature in the area is Indus River which usually peaks in mid‐August or
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early September. Apart from that, the project area also houses few dhands which are
located in low laying depressions where groundwater surfaces to the ground level. A
number of tube wells also exist in the project area with sufficient yield. The use of local
water wells during exploration and associated development activities is a common
practice by all operators and in almost all areas of Pakistan.
Due to the high surface water demand for irrigation and the biological significance of
surface water bodies, abstraction of surface water will not be done. The Indus River,
canals and associated irrigation network is the source of surface water in the area and
its use will not be feasible as the water is not potable. Hauling the water only for
operational use would mean increased logistics management, as potable water would
still have to be supplied from water wells for domestic use. Under special
circumstances like long haul distances, improper access for water bowsers in protected
areas etc. surface water resources may be exploited for limited water abstraction
during seismic operation only after getting approval from the concerned department.
Other than that, surface water resources will not be used during drilling activities.
Except flush and uphole drilling, water will not be required for jackrob drilling and
vibroseis operation. Limited upholes will only be drilled at selected locations. Since,
the water requirement during seismic surveys is not high it is assessed that the effect
on local wells will not be significant enough to cause any localized depletion of
aquifers or effects on local water requirement. In order to ensure that this remains to
be the case, the local water wells will only be used after ensuring that they have the
excess capacity to supply the water requirement and water levels/discharges will be
monitored to ensure that any effects remain negligible. Water for project will either be
obtained from water wells in the project area or UEPL may install its own water well
at a suitable location in the project area in consultation with the local community. The
aquifer yield will be calculated for ensuring that the available capacity at the local tube
well (safe yield minus local demand) is at least 50% greater than the project demand.
Discharge from the tube well will be regularly monitored to monitor any changes in
the yield of the well. In order to conserve sweet groundwater, it is also recommended
that UEPL should maximize wherever possible the use of brackish groundwater in its
operations such as seismic, drilling and establishment of associated surface facilities
etc.
With regards to water usage of it should be recognized that groundwater is a
communal resource. In order to share the groundwater in the project area with the
local communities, UEPL must ensure that its operations must not exploit the resource
in an unsustainable manner and that local communities are appropriately
compensated for the use of the communal resource. Therefore, for water abstraction
during proposed exploration and development activities, compensation means the
payment to local well owner at appropriate rates for the quantity of water obtained.
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b. Residual Impacts
Even after application of mitigation measures water will continue to be used during
the entire development phase of the project but in a sustainable manner.
Characteristic Activity
Seismic Drilling GPF/CPP Flow Lines
Duration Short Long Long Short
Extent Local Regional Regional Local
Likelihood Unlikely Possible Possible Unlikely
Consequence Minor Minor Minor Minor
Reversibility Reversible Reversible Reversible Reversible
Significance Low Medium Medium Low
c. Mitigation Measures
Water from surface water bodies i.e. wetlands or canals etc. will not be used for the
proposed exploration and associated development activities. Under special
circumstances like long haul distances, improper access for water bowsers in
protected areas etc. surface water resources may be exploited for limited water
abstraction during seismic operational needs only after getting approval from the
concerned department. The surface water resources will not be used other
exploration and development activities;
The quantity of water used during different project activities will be kept to the
minimum required by taking prudent water conservation measures on site. A
complete record of water consumption will be maintained by the UEPL’s Rep;
Groundwater will be used for project activities from existing tube wells or by
UEPL’s installed water wells. Water from the tube wells will only be used after
ensuring that the available capacity at the groundwater is roughly 50% greater
than the project demand. Discharge from the existing tube wells or UEPL’s
installed tube wells will be regularly monitored to monitor any changes in the
yield of the wells;
If a new water well is to be installed, the well will be located 300 m from existing
local wells and will be designed to abstract water preferably from deep aquifer not
being used by local communities;
Contamination of surface and groundwater resources will be avoided;
Preferably, the potable water requirement will be met by installing water treatment
system (such as reverse osmosis);
UEPL and project contractors will pay appropriate and justified compensation for
water utilized to the owners of water well; and
Marginally sweet water wells will be used for project activities. Where possible,
use of brackish water should be maximized for the project activities.
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7.1.6 Blockage of Natural Drainage
a. Source Specific Assessment
It is recommended that well sites, campsites and associated development facilities e.g.
manifolds, EWT, GPF/CPP will be located in cleared and levelled terrain. The entire
project area experience rapid flow during rainfalls particularly along the surface water
bodies. As the well sites, campsites wand associated facilities will have limited areas
therefore no blockage to this rapid flow will occur. However, as a precautionary
measure area around the facilities shall also be landscaped to avoid blocking of natural
drainage.
The access roads and pipeline’s RoW may cross streambeds. Causeway crossings and
pipe culvert bridges will be provided at all stream crossings. To avoid obstruction to
sheet runoff in plain areas, any soil windrows formed along the access road during
construction activities shall be levelled. The gas transmission pipeline will be laid at a
depth of 3ft. Since, the water table in the project area is generally more than 10 ft.
below the ground surface, no direct impact on groundwater quality is anticipated
during pipeline laying.
b. Mitigation Measures
Area around the well sites, campsites and associated surface facilities shall be
landscaped to avoid blocking natural drainage;
Causeways and pipe culverts will be provided at all watercourse and minors
crossings to avoid blocking of natural drainage; and
Uncontrolled and unnecessary clearing, dozing, excavations or quarrying, storage
of construction material etc. will be avoided.
7.1.7 Site Restoration
a. Potential Sources of Impact
After completion of each activity, the project facilities will be restored as close to its
original condition as possible. One of the important tools is the photographic record of
project facilities e.g. campsite/s prior to setup will be taken and will be compared after
site restoration. The restoration of well sites and associated facilities (including access
tracks and campsites) is of utmost importance. As these facilities occupies areas of the
wildlife habitats, retention of these sites or improper disposal of wastes left at the end
of the drilling or construction activities would be in conflict with the principle of least
environment disturbance over the least possible time period in these areas.
b. Mitigation Measures
General
Demobilization of all equipment and machinery;
Disposal of any waste material remaining at the time of completion of the
operation;
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Backfilling of all soak pits and septic tanks;
Dismantling and removal of fence or barriers surrounding the campsite areas; and
General restoration of the site area including landscaping and restoration of
drainage where required.
Seismic Operation
Restoration of seismic lines will include removal of all cables, geophones, station
units, flags, stakes and wastes from the lines and backfilling of all mud pits. For
reference purposes a photographic record of selected sections of seismic lines will
be taken before and after the operation.
Drilling Operation
Complete Restoration – Dry Well
All wastes at the well sites will be disposed of according to the requirements of the
EIA/EMP;
Liner from the water and waste pits at the well sites may be taken out and re‐used
or disposed of in the existing pits with proper restoration;
All concrete structures at the well sites will be broken and either transported out of
the project area or site restoration contractors will sent it for sale or reuse or
disposed of into the pits;
All pits at the well sites will be backfilled; and
The areas covered by the portion of the access track that will be of no use for other
wells will be restored, in that all gravel topping will be removed. This scenario will
be applicable only if the locals require the potions of the track to be restored or
otherwise it will be left on the site on the consent of the locals.
Partial Restoration – Producing Well
The well sites and access roads will be retained to support well access work for
further testing or during the production phase;
The outer chain link fence will be retained as a safety measure to keep wildlife
away from the pit areas;
The wellhead will be enclosed by a locked steel cage. This will serve as both a
safety and security measure as the site will be down‐manned pending further
production operations work; and
The constructed pit areas will be retained but all liquid and solid waste material
will be removed from the site and disposed of in line with the requirements of this
EIA/EMP.
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Biological Environment
7.2.1 Clearing of Vegetation & Loss of Habitat
a. Source Specific Assessment
Loss of vegetation can occur during the proposed exploration and associated
development project activities due to clearing of land along seismic lines, well sites,
campsites and RoW prepared for pipelines laying and the tracks prepared to access
the well sites, campsites, flow lines and surface production facilities.
Impacts on vegetation due to the sources mentioned above will be of less significant if
existing tracks are used as much as possible. No endemic species were identified in the
project area during the EIA site visit. The distribution of vegetation communities are
found in wide range in the project area during site visit. Therefore, limited vegetation
clearing will not result in extinction of any vegetation communities. Clearing will
preferably be carried out in areas where the vegetation is in a degraded state due to
livestock grazing or harvesting by local communities, and cutting of trees will be
avoided. The vegetation clearing on steep slopes will also be avoided to minimize soil
erosion.
b. Residual Impacts
If all mitigation measures given below are adhered with residual impacts will be the
loss of vegetation cleared from permanent facilities such as producing well sites,
access roads and GPF/CPP. At all other areas such as at temporary tracks vegetation
will regenerate with time. Even at the permanent facilities regeneration will also occur
after decommissioning and restoration of the sites.
Characteristic Activity
Seismic Drilling GPF/CPP Flow Lines
Duration Medium Medium Medium Medium
Extent Local Local Local Local
Likelihood Certain Certain Certain Certain
Consequence Minor Minor Minor Minor
Reversibility Reversible Reversible Reversible Reversible
Significance Low Low Low Low
c. Mitigation Measures
General
Project related camps/facilities should be established outside the environmental
sensitive areas;
The campsite areas will be kept to the minimum required;
Camps will be located in existing clearings;
Use of local vegetation/wood as fuel by crew personnel will be prohibited;
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Clearing of trees will be avoided as much as possible. Under unavoidable
circumstances any clearing required in forests shall be done with prior approval
and be compensated as per rules and regulations of Forest Department;
Outside forest protected area, any tree cutting if unavoidable for clearing of site
will be replaced/compensated by plantation of trees (10 trees for each tree cut). The
tree species should be indigenous to the region;
Periodic trainings will be provided to drivers on mitigation measures related to
off‐road travel and speed limits;
Dust emissions on access tracks will be reduced by keeping speed limits below 40
km/hr;
Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid excessive dust emissions;
Campsites will avoid areas of dense vegetation as much as possible;
Access tracks will be avoided from passing through patches of dense vegetation;
Off‐road travel, required at sections of the road where construction work is in
progress, will be minimized and if required will be allowed only after approval
from UEPL’s Rep;
Clearing of vegetation will be minimized by keeping the road width to 5 m (except
at bends where greater width will be required for safety reasons), and by keeping
the length of new sections of the road to a minimum; and
Blasting, construction or drilling activities will not be performed in Indus River.
Seismic Operation
During seismic operation clearing of vegetation will be minimized by minimizing
the width of the vibroseis tracks, minimizing the preparation of new access tracks,
and keeping the width of new access tracks to the minimum required;
Crew personnel while working along seismic lines will concentrate within a
corridor of 4.5 m; and
Total land uptake by seismic camps and access track will be kept to the minimum
required.
Drilling Operation
During construction good management practices will be adopted to avoid
disturbance to areas adjacent to work areas including the access tracks, well sites
and campsites;
Well sites and campsite areas will be kept to a minimum; and
Campsite established for the purpose of construction will be located in existing
clearing. Vegetation clearing from these sites will be kept to a minimum.
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Establishment/Construction of GPF/CPP
Existing access tracks will be utilized as much as possible;
The access track to the GPF/CPP will be properly compacted and maintained
throughout the entire operational life;
During construction movement of construction equipment will be restricted to
work areas only to avoid unnecessary disturbance to soils in the project area;
To minimize erosion due to quarrying, the quarry sites will be carefully selected
such that they are located in levelled areas with existing clearing and the quarry
sites are restored after use;
Clearing of vegetation will be minimized;
Off‐road travel will be strictly prohibited and observance of this will be monitored
during the operation; and
Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid excessive dust emissions.
Lying of Flow Lines/Tie‐in/Wellhead Works
Topsoil of the RoW of gas pipeline/flow line, will be separately stored. This topsoil
will be backfilled after proper compaction ensuring regeneration of vegetation;
Good engineering practices will be adopted during construction activities to
ensure that unnecessary clearing of vegetation outside work areas is avoided; and
Land area requirements for construction camps and RoW of gas pipeline will be
kept to the minimum required.
7.2.2 Disturbance to Wildlife
a. Source Specific Assessment
Potential sources of impacts on wildlife during the project activities include
disturbance due to construction of access roads, well sites, seismic camps, rig
campsites, construction/establishment of GPF/CPP, laying of pipelines, access road
usage during the project, light and noise from the camps, light and noise from well
sites (including flaring at the well sites and GPF/CPP).
Birds
The project area support fair populations of native and migratory birds. As the EIA
prohibits hunting, fishing, harassment, trapping, killing or feeding of any wildlife
species, therefore impacts of the project on these species found will be very less.
Similarly, the resident water birds associated with the wetland of the project area may
only be disturbed temporarily due to activities spread of this habitat. During the
migratory season, operation in this habitat may disturb the wintering birds as they
occupy most of the wetland being large in number. However, this impact would be
temporary and insignificant for survival of species as they will have the choice to settle
in neighbouring wetlands on Indus and nearby surface water bodies.
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Mammals
The status of mammals including ungulate i.e. Hog deer is very poor in suitable
habitat within the project area. Their hunting will not be permissible being protected
under the provisions of SWPO, 1972. Other mammals like Asiatic jackal, Indian
porcupine, gerbils and jirds are quite common and very adaptive.
The residual impact of long duration activities of mammalian fauna may be
significant. The movement of vehicular transport, presence of personnel, exploration
and development activities may disturb the mammals, including burrowing taxa. Such
disturbance during mating and breeding season may seize or reduce the reproduction
of mammals as they require privacy and convenient protected places. Any activity
close to this area can potentially disturb the shy animals and may cause migration
from the area. The aspects of the proposed exploration and associated development
activities that may disturb the wildlife include presence of people in the area, noise
and movement of vehicles and machinery, physical damage to the habitat (breeding
sites, resting places, and grazing areas), blockage of access to escape terrain and
existing water resources. Careful planning and management of activities can avoid all
of the above impacts. The mitigation measures presented in the following section can
reduce the impact to acceptable level.
Reptiles
It is expected that reptiles will be displaced from close vicinity of proposed exploration
and associated development project activities but at the same time, project activities
will create hiding places for snakes and other reptiles. However, owing to the large
and wide spread population size of these reptilian species and the large area otherwise
available to them, insignificant or very less effect of the proposed project on reptiles
may occur. Mortality of reptiles during construction or due to road travel will be
avoided by adopting mitigation measures like speed control and restricting night
driving. In general all mitigation measures suggested at the end of this section will
ensure that wildlife species are protected and not adversely impacted by any means
due to proposed project activities.
b. Residual Impacts
Residual impact on wildlife will be the loss of habitat due to uptake by permanent
project facilities such as the producing wells or establishment of GPF/CPP.
Characteristic Activity
Seismic Drilling GPF/CPP Flow Lines
Duration Short Short Short Short
Extent Local Local Local Local
Likelihood Possible Possible Possible Possible
Consequence Minor Minor Minor Minor
Reversibility Reversible Reversible Reversible Reversible
Significance Low Low Low Low
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c. Mitigation Measures
General
Prior to commencement of any activity, awareness trainings will be provided to
contractor’s management and field crew on matters related to the requirements of
the EMP in this regard;
All mitigation measures to minimize noise levels, dust emissions, air emissions,
and waste management required by the EIA will be adhered to;
Food wastes will not be disposed of in the open. Food wastes collected in waste
segregation units will be disposed of according to waste disposal procedure on a
regular and strict basis as advised by the UEPL’s Rep;
Construction work near areas which show reptile populations will commence after
a soft start up and will be randomly monitored;
Hunting, fishing, feeding, harassment, killing or trapping of wildlife will not be
allowed;
Vehicles speed on access roads will be controlled to avoid incidental mortalities of
reptiles. Any such incident will be reported to the UEPL’s Rep. Vehicles speed will
be randomly monitored;
Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid excessive dust emissions;
Cutting of trees/bushes will be avoided;
Project related camps/facilities should be established outside the environmental
sensitive areas;
Movement of all project personnel will be restricted to work areas;
Movement of project vehicles will be restricted only to the project access road or to
routes approved by the UEPL’s Rep;
Night travelling will only be done in case of emergency after getting approval
from UEPL’s Rep;
Off‐road travel will be strictly prohibited and observance of this will be monitored
during the operation; and
Blasting, construction or drilling activities will not be performed in Indus River.
Seismic, Drilling, Construction of GPF/CPP and Flow Lines
Land uptake by seismic camps, seismic lines, well sites, campsites, GPF/CPP and
access roads will be minimized;
Clearing of RoW for access tracks & flow lines will be kept to the minimum;
The total duration of seismic, construction and drilling will be minimized by good
management practices;
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Lights used at the well sites, campsites and project related facilities will be kept to
the minimum required;
Flaring during well testing will be done within enclosed ground burning flares
rather than elevated flares, to minimize light, heat radiation and noise levels; and
The duration and intensity of flaring at GPF/CPP will be kept to the minimum
required.
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Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Environment
All development initiatives give rise to secondary impacts that affect socioeconomic
receptors in the project area. Socioeconomic impacts vary from project to project and
are not easily quantifiable. These are consequences of project activities on the human
population that alter the ways in which people live, work, interact, relate to one
another, organize to meet their needs and generally exist as members of society.
These also include more long‐term impacts such as cultural impacts involving changes
to the norms, values and beliefs that guide and rationalize their cognition of
themselves and their society. In the past socioeconomic impacts of large development
projects were mitigated through monetary compensation, or were altogether ignored.
However, the importance of these impacts has been recognized and it is very strongly
felt that impacts on communities’ cultural activities, local practices and day‐to‐day
activities have far reaching impacts on their psychological, emotional and social
wellbeing, whereby having an effect on their quality of life. Further to above,
utilization of any resources that are in possession of local owners shall be
appropriately compensated as per mutual agreement of both parties. In case of any
damage during company’s activities, matter shall be resolved mutually. This section
identifies, assesses and proposes mitigation for potential impacts of the project on key
parameters which define the wellbeing of the communities.
a. Source Specific Assessment
Sustenance income
o Leasing of private lands
o Sharing of water sources
o Uptake of livestock grazing areas/effect on mobility of local herdsmen and
potential for loss of livestock due to road accidents
o Effects on local businesses
Drinking water
o Sharing of local domestic water resources
Employment
o Distribution of employment opportunities during construction and operation
phase, subject to availability of local resource as per UEPL required
competency
Health
o Effect on health of local communities due to project wastes and dust emissions
Education
o Increased or reduced emphasis on education due to the project
Safety and Security
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o Potential for road accidents, conflicts with locals and safety of local employees
Mobility and transportation
o Ease in mobility and transportation
Culture and religion
o Damage to cultural, archaeological or religious sites
Potential issues related to sustenance incomes have been assessed below:
Leasing of Private Lands
Land might have to be leased or acquired for seismic camp/s, seismic lines, well sites,
rig campsites, access tracks, construction campsites, GPF/CPP and RoW of pipelines.
Land for the project activities shall be leased as per local regulations and according to
mutual consent and deliberations of both parties.
Sharing of Water Resources
The project water usage will not affect the accessibility of locals to the water source in
the long or short term. Water should not be extracted from the shallow local reservoir
and the local water should only be used after ensuring that the abstraction process will
not result in any water shortage for the locals. New UEPL wells may be installed to
abstract water from the deep aquifer.
Uptake of Livestock Grazing Area/Effect on Mobility of Livestock Herds/Potential for
Loss of Livestock due to Road Accidents
The project will cover livestock grazing areas. Compared to the total available grazing
area, the uptake by the project will be insignificant and will not have any measurable
significant impacts. Project vehicles will follow safe speed limits, especially on seeing a
livestock herd near the road, to avoid any road accidents.
Effects on Local Businesses
Local business (such as shops and tea stalls) will experience a rise in sales as junior
level project staff and local employees will purchase items of general use from shops
and will patronize local tea stalls and eateries on a regular basis. However, it must be
noted that the impact so created will be of short‐term nature owing to the larger
workforce required during the construction phase than the operation phase of the
project.
Employment
Opportunities for wage labour in the project area are very few. As a consequence the
expectations of local residents in relation to employment during the project
(construction phase) will be high. Core activities of seismic, well sites, GPF/CPP and
pipeline construction require skilled and trained labour force, which is marginally
available in the area. However, the project will also, to a great extent, require the
services of unskilled workforce. All unskilled and some semi‐skilled workforce should
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be hired equitably from within the local communities and the different tribes in the
area keeping in view of local regulations and company’s policy.
Health
Communities that are located close to the seismic camps, well sites, access roads,
GPF/CPP and pipeline routes will be exposed to dust emissions, gaseous emissions
from the well sites and any incidental spillage of fuel or oils. If the mitigation
measures relating to the control of dust emissions, oil or fuel spills and project wastes
are followed no impacts will occur. Local complaints of dust emissions and gaseous
emissions from rig sites and GPF/CPP will be noted and addressed immediately.
Safety & Security
The operations may affect the safety and security of the inhabitants of the areas in the
following ways: issues of road safety, conflicts between residents and the project
contractors and issues pertaining to the carriage of fire arms on the site. Community
sensitive project planning and implementation as prescribed through the
recommended mitigation measures will minimize the occurrence of any such impacts.
Disturbance from Noise
Seismic camps, construction camps, well sites and surface production facilities e.g.
GPF/CPP, manifolds or EWT must be located more than 300 m from communities. As
per assessment done in the section for physical environment no effect of the project
noise will occur on the local communities if the mitigation measures recommended
controlling the effect of noise are adhered with.
Mobility & Transportation
The project activities may affect mobility of local women, especially during the
construction phase of the project. Project personnel will be given gender sensitization
briefings and will be instructed to respect local norms and culture, particularly in
relation to the womenfolk. In connection to the usage of the access track by the women
of the area, they will not be restricted in any way and will be given due right to
crossing the road in pursuit of the daily chores, such as fetching water and fuel wood.
Community Grievances
It is very much possible that in spite of adhering to all mitigation measures, some
community grievances may arise during the construction and operation phase of the
project. Those grievances should be duly considered and addressed by the concerned
authorities in United Energy Pakistan Limited.
Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Opportunities
Cultural sites in the form of shrines, mosques and graveyards exist in the project area.
Location of construction campsites, rig sites and route alignment of gas pipeline
should be planned at appropriate distances from cultural sites to avoid damage to
access of local communities (especially woman) to these sites. There are no notified
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archaeological sites in the project area. However, there are several graveyards and
other areas of cultural interest in the Kotri North Block.
b. Residual Impacts
Residual impact on socioeconomic, culture and archaeological environment will alter
the ways in which people live, work, interact, relate to one another, organize to meet
their needs and generally exist as members of society due development initiatives.
Characteristic Activity
Seismic Drilling GPF/CPP Flow Lines
Duration Short Short Long Short
Extent Local Local Local Local
Likelihood Unlikely Unlikely Unlikely Unlikely
Consequence Minor Minor Minor Minor
Reversibility Reversible Reversible Reversible Reversible
Significance Low Low Low Low
c. Mitigation Measures
Project contractors and field staff shall be taken through a Community and
External Affairs Induction program before execution of project activities;
Local sources of drinking water will not be over‐exploited;
The access roads will be watered regularly to minimize dust emissions;
Construction of bypass to all major settlements and where necessary re‐routing the
access roads so that a safe distances is maintained from a settlements;
Drivers will be trained in responsible and safe driving practices; safe speed limits
for vehicles will be followed;
Strict compliance will be observed with UEPL’s HSE guidelines;
Use of local firewood for cooking by project and contractor staff to be prohibited;
Project surface facilities e.g. campsites or well sites will be located at minimum
distance of 300 m from communities thereby, mitigating the effect of noise and
emissions;
Any land acquired and distribution of compensation will be carried out
transparently on fast pace in accordance with the UEPL’s compensation
procedures;
All mitigation measures related to waste management, minimizing air emissions
and noise recommended in the EIA/EMP should be adhered with;
Project staff will respect cultural norms;
All community grievances will be addressed and rectified as appropriate;
All project facilities will be restored according to the standard protocols and
recommendations of the EIA/EMP;
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Flow lines and access tracks will maintain a distance of 100 m from cultural,
religious and archaeological sites unless community demands greater distance e.g.
graveyards or mosques;
RoW for flow line should by pass major settlements to maintain safe distances;
The access roads will be watered regularly to minimize dust emissions (if
required); and
Construction of bypass to all major settlements, and where necessary rerouting the
access road so that a safe distances is maintained from a settlement.
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8 Stakeholders Consultation
Stakeholders Consultation is a tool used for the purpose of communication, taken to
include; information dissemination, exchanging views, soliciting feedback and
suggestions on issues pertaining to the proposed project, plan future actions, initiate a
needs assessment and identify areas of concern.
During the field survey for this study, meetings were held with the communities
residing within the project area and its surroundings. Goths (village) headmen were
particularly sought after for consultations. The objective of these meetings was to
explore and record their views and concerns for inclusion in project design at the
planning phase.
In the same vein, meetings were also held with community and members of local and
provincial government. All the stakeholders were briefed regarding the proposed
exploration and associated development project activities planned by United Energy
Pakistan Limited in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21). Their concerns and suggestions
were recorded which are reproduced in this chapter.
Objectives of Stakeholders Consultation
Consultation with stakeholders leads to an overall understanding of the project on the
part of the communities and also gives the proponent a clearer understanding of the
stakeholder’s perspective. Effective public consultation can add substantial value to
the EIA process. The information gained through consultation exercise on the
stakeholders’ concerns, interests and their ability to influence decision‐making helps to
identify key cause of environmental problems.
This can be used to evaluate direct and indirect environmental impacts and assess
short term and long‐term resource use implications. The input from local communities
and affected stakeholders can help evaluating alternatives and strengthen the
management planning by incorporating local inputs and know‐how. These factors
contribute towards improved project implementation sensitized to the human
environment of the area. The objectives of stakeholders’ consultation were to:
Promote better understanding of the proposed exploration and associated
development activities through explaining its objectives and potential positive and
negative impacts;
Identify and address the concerns of all interested and affected stakeholders;
Provide a mechanism to resolve issues identified by communities, before project
plans are finalized and development begins, thereby, avoiding public outcry and
resentment; and
Instill trust between various stakeholders and the proponent to promote
cooperation.
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Community Consultations
Community consultations were carried out in the project area through formal and
informal meetings, focus group discussions and in depth interviews especially
covering issues related to ‘gender’. The consultation exercise was conducted in Sindhi.
A local Sindhi speaker (Sociologist), assisted by environmentalist initiated the sessions
by giving a brief, simple and non‐technical description of the proposed project
activities providing an overview of likely positive and negative impacts. This was
followed by an open discussion in which all participants were encouraged to voice
their concerns and opinions. Feedback obtained from the members of the community
were documented and all issues and suggestions raised were recorded in detail.
Through this process the consultant reached out to a wide segment of the population
of the area, whereby actively involving all stakeholders in the decision‐making
process.
All information was imparted to the communities and other stakeholders in such a
manner that their expectations were not unnecessarily or unrealistically raised in order
to avoid any future conflict involving local public, leaders or administrators. Formal
and informal community consultations and focused group discussions were carried
out in almost all visited villages/goths during the field survey for current EIA.
Community’s Concerns & Reservations
All people with whom meetings were held were open to the idea of development in
the project area. No adverse concerns were raised, neither were there any objections to
the project concept. Most people welcomed the idea of project activities sensing a
relative boom in the localized economy particularly employments and provision of
better civic amenities in the area. They envisaged the project activities a short‐term as
well as long term benefit for the communities residing in the area. However, the
communities raised some legitimate concerns. The main concerns common to most
communities are listed below:
Local villagers shall be given priority during employment process especially local
unemployed educated people shall be given preference for technical jobs;
Compensations for land acquired/leased and standing crops should be disbursed
in a transparent manner on fast pace;
Standardized and accessible health facilities to the local communities of the area
should be provided;
Provision of better educational facilities should also be ensured to the children of
the residing communities;
Local cultural norms should be respected; and
Safety and security of the local communities should also be given due
consideration during the proposed project activities.
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Other Stakeholders
In addition to holding consultation meetings with communities, meetings with
members of local and provincial government were also deemed essential. All the
stakeholders were given maximum project information verbally, by sharing TORs and
project area maps. Their concerns and suggestions were noted which have been
reproduced below. Proceedings of the meetings with Deputy Director Technical
(Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, Karachi), Range Forest Officer (Sindh Forest
Department, Hyderabad), Deputy Director (Sindh Environmental Protection Agency,
Hyderabad), Chief Engineer (Irrigation Development Sindh, Hyderabad), Technical
Officer (Directorate of Animal Husbandry Hyderabad, Livestock & Fisheries
Department, GoS ), Representative of Institute of Environmental Studies, Karachi
University, Regional Chair (West Asia, Commission on Ecosystem Management, The
World Conservation Union – IUCN, Zoology Department, Karachi University) and
Coordinator Marine Program (Worldwide Fund for Nature, Karachi). The remaining
meetings which were conducted consisted primarily of information collection and
dissemination. A complete list of these stakeholders consulted is provided in Table 8‐
1.
8.4.1 Deputy Director, Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, Karachi
HPK’s EIA team also paid a customary visit to meet Mr. Imran Sabir, Deputy Director
(Technical) at his Karachi office. Mr. Sabir was informed about the proposed
exploration and associated development activities with the help of prospective area
map. It was briefed to Mr. Sabir that United Energy Pakistan Limited is operator of the
lease with JV partners i.e. PPL and AROL and have also conducted environmental
assessments in the past for previously conducted exploration and development
activities. Mr. Sabir expressed much interest in briefing and provided his following
valuable suggestions:
As the project area lies in forest protected areas hence, Sindh Forest Department
(SFD) must be taken on‐board before and during the proposed project activities in
the leased area;
No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the relevant stakeholders (other than Sindh
EPA) must be obtained before commencement of project activities;
All applicable laws and regulations shall be complied during the proposed project
execution in addition to best industrial guidelines ensuring no or least harm on the
physical, biological and socioeconomic environment of the area;
In addition the SFD, local administration should also be taken on‐board during the
execution of the project activities to avoid social conflicts;
Appropriate offsets should be provided from sensitive environmental features e.g.
core wildlife areas, archeological sites, settlements etc. during the proposed project
activities;
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Project specific Waste Management Plan should be developed for both domestic
and operational wastes and implemented with true spirit;
Local environmental protection department should also be consulted to improve
the environmental performance of the proposed project; and
Contamination of local water resources shall be strictly avoided during the project
activities and water conservation measures shall be taken during the entire course
of the operation.
Mr. Sabir further informed that when the EIA report would be officially submitted to
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, it would be reviewed in detail and
comments will be addressed at that stage. EPA guidelines for carrying out impact
assessment are also crucial.
8.4.2 Range Forest Officer, Sindh Forest Department, Hyderabad
A formal consultation meeting was conducted with Mr. Bakht Hussain Jatoi to discuss
the environmental issues related to the proposed exploration and associated
development activities and their potential environmental impacts. Details of proposed
project activities and the prospective areas were briefed to Mr. Jatoi with the help of
maps. Mr. Jatoi briefed that agriculture has been stopped in the forest’s land as per
directions issued by the respected Supreme Court of Pakistan. He also explained the
jurisdiction of Forest Department and authoritative role for conduction of
development activities in jurisdiction of Forest Department. Mr. Jatoi also explained
the mechanism for obtaining NOC from the department and other legal obligations
which should be followed/fulfilled before and during the proposed project activities.
Furthermore, he expressed few certain concerns regarding the proposed project which
are discussed as follows:
NOC must be obtained from the department before commencement of project
activities in the area;
Natural habitat loss is a major concern which is anticipated due to proposed
project activities. The operation will certainly disturb the existing biodiversity and
ecosystem of the area therefore, proper mitigation measures should be suggested
to lessen the impacts on the natural existing environment and suggested
mitigation measures should be made part of operational and management
systems;
Deforestation must be avoided by taking appropriate measures;
Trees cutting should be avoided to the extent possible;
Key floral and faunal species of the area should be protected and conserved;
Systems and procedure should be developed for revival and protection of
ecosystem; and
Monitoring of the project related activities and reporting of the non‐conformance
to all concerned with reference to mitigation measures as suggested in the EIA.
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8.4.3 Deputy Director, Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, Hyderabad
HPK paid a customary visit to meet with Mr. Abdul Rauf Qureshi, Deputy Director at
his Hyderabad office. He was informed with the help of the project area map about the
proposed project activities and their anticipated environmental impacts which may
arise during the execution of the activities. Later the meeting was also joined by other
officials from Sindh EPA, Hyderabad i.e. Mr. Ali Nawaz and Mr. Zulfiqar Baloch. All
representatives of Sindh EPA appreciated the consultation process and expressed
much interest in the briefing and provided valuable suggestions which are reproduced
below:
All applicable laws and regulations should be complied with during the proposed
project execution in addition to best industrial guidelines ensuring no or least
harm on the biological, physical and socioeconomic environment of the area;
As the project activities also fall in reserved forests’ boundary therefore, Sindh
Forest Department must be taken on‐board before and during the proposed project
activities;
Restoration of exploration and production sites is becoming nuisance and causing
environmental degradation hence, restoration of project sites must be ensured by
the proponent and Sindh EPA can be taken on‐board for the purpose;
As the project activities are planned in forest protected area with good diversity of
wildlife therefore, every effort should be made to protect the natural existing
environment;
Construction or blasting should not be performed in main body of Indus River;
Community development work in area focusing lower class suffering from the
enduring education, poverty, unemployment and social underdevelopment should
be carried out;
Vegetation clearing must be avoided and minimized to avert the biodiversity loss;
and
Contamination of soil and groundwater must be avoided by taking appropriate
mitigation measures.
Mr. Qureshi further informed that public participation should be ensured during the
EIA process. Sindh EPA once receive the EIA, comments will also be shared with the
proponent at that stage.
8.4.4 Technical Officer, Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Hyderabad
Member of EIA team also visited to meet Dr. Abdul Manan (Technical Officer,
Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Livestock and Fisheries Department, GoS) and
briefed about the proposed project scope and prospective area with the help of maps.
The purpose to carry out this meeting was to obtain the detailed information on the
livestock of the area, proposed exploration and development activities and their
potential impacts on the livestock which is a major source of income and social
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security for communities residing in leased area. Dr. Manan briefed about the common
diseases for domestic animals which mainly includes goats, sheep, cows, buffalos,
donkeys and horses. During discussion Dr. Manan highlighted the importance of
global warming and its effects on domestic & wild animals. Impacts of pesticides and
chemicals used by the locals in agriculture fields were also discussed due to their
effects on growth and mortality rate of domestic animals. Dr. Manan also informed
that, in case of any disease outbreak (domestic or wild) in their jurisdiction,
Directorate takes the initiative to protect the domestic livestock and even wildlife. He
appreciated the stakeholder’s consultation process and his major concerns and
suggestions were as follows:
Zoning mechanism should be adopted for protection of livestock of the area.
Livestock saturated zones should be avoided to the extent possible;
Available water reservoirs should not be damaged or over exploited by the
proposed project activities;
Flaring should be minimized particularly during well testing and production
operations;
Controlled use of chemicals should be ensured to avoid the impact on locals
animals;
Veterinary Hospital with provision of complete facilities including Vet Officer (for
timely identification and rectification of project’s adverse impacts on the livestock
of the area), Mobile Unit and sufficient budget etc. was strongly recommended;
Every effort shall be made for protection of natural habitats of the area; and
Vegetation clearing shall be kept to the minimum required particularly range
lands.
8.4.5 Chief Engineer, Irrigation Department, Hyderabad
A formal consultation meeting was also carried out with Mr. Amjad Pervaiz Dawach
to discuss the environmental sensitivities related to the proposed exploration and
associated development project activities focusing the existing irrigation network in
the area. Details of the proposed activities and prospective areas was briefed to Mr.
Dawach with the help of maps. Furthermore, he expressed certain concerns regarding
the project activities, which are indicated below:
As the proposed project activities will also fall in the area where irrigation network
exits therefor, appropriate mitigation measures should be suggested to avert any
damage to existing irrigation network;
All applicable laws and regulations with respect to irrigation and drainage should
be complied with;
Vegetation clearing must be avoided and minimized particularly along the banks
of the existing irrigation network; and
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Water abstraction for irrigation network should be done with the prior approval of
the department.
8.4.6 Institute of Environmental Studies, Karachi University
A formal consultation meeting was also carried out with Prof. Dr. Moazzam Ali Khan
to share project scope and to discuss the potential environmental issues related to the
proposed project activities planned by United Energy Pakistan Limited in Kotri North
Block (E.L. 2568‐21). As the institute has active participation in advisory role to various
agencies and departments on environmental matters, therefore considering a basic
stakeholder it deemed necessary to take Institute on‐board during the assessment
process. Details of proposed exploration and associated development activities with
respect to prospective area was briefed to Dr. Khan with the help of maps. He is an
erudite, outspoken and well‐informed personality about the environmental scenarios
in Sindh. Furthermore, he expressed some certain concerns regarding the proposed
project activities, which are indicated below:
Restoration of project working sites should be ensured after successful completion
of any segment of the proposed project;
There is need to cover all physical, biological and socioeconomic aspects of the
project area in detail;
Initiatives taken under CSR should be audited through independent auditing
mechanism;
Noise and dust emission which will be generated due to proposed project activities
should be controlled and mitigated as appropriate. Regular noise and ambient air
monitoring shall also be carried out as per all applicable laws;
Sustainable use of water should be ensured by taken prudent water conservation
measures during the entire phase of the proposed project;
A comprehensive Waste Management Plan should be developed for the project
which must cover all sorts of waste (liquid & solids) and followed on strict basis;
Safe and environmentally friendly provisions should be recommended in the EIA
report;
Environmental enhancement should also be focused which is usually ignored;
There should be arrangements for Independent Environmental Monitoring (IMC)
of the project related activities and reporting of all non‐conformances with
reference to EMP to Sindh EPA on strict and regular basis.
Dr. Khan further emphasized on abidance of all applicable laws and regulations
during the proposed project execution. In addition, best industrial guidelines shall also
be practiced ensuring no or least harm to the existing environmental conditions of the
area.
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8.4.7 Regional Chair, Commission on Ecosystem Management, IUCN
A formal consultation meeting was also held with Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zaheer Khan
to discuss the proposed exploration and associated development project activities and
their potential impacts on the diverse wildlife of the Kotri North Block and its
immediate vicinities. Dr. Khan is Regional Chair, West Asia, Commission on
Ecosystem Management, The World Conservation Union – IUCN. Dr. Khan briefed
about ongoing research projects in wildlife protected areas of Sindh region. Details of
proposed project with sequence of events was briefed to Dr. Khan with the help of
maps. The outcome of the meeting is reproduced below:
As the project area lies in reserved forest areas hence, Sindh Forest Department
must be taken on‐board during the execution phase of the project;
All appropriate and practical mitigation measures should be suggested and taken
to protect and improve the existing natural environment of the area;
Vegetation clearing should be avoided as much as possible;
Most advanced and environment friendly techniques & technologies should be
employed/used during the execution of the project activities posing least
environmental disturbance;
Ambient air quality should not be deteriorated by the proposed project activities;
Local fuel wood shall not be used by the parties working in the project area; and
Range lands should also be protected during the execution of the proposed
exploration project activities.
8.4.8 Coordinator Marine Program, Worldwide Fund for Nature, Karachi
Members of EIA team also visited World Wildlife Fund for Nature’s (WWF) office in
Karachi to meet with Mr. Muhammad Moazzam Khan (Technical Director) but due to
his unavailability Mr. Jawad Umer Khan represented WWF in the consultation
meeting. Details of proposed exploration and associated development activities and
the prospective area was briefed to Mr. Khan with the help of maps. Mr. Khan openly
discussed his suggestion and reservations regarding the proposed activities in Kotri
North Block, which are discussed as follows:
All applicable laws and regulations should be complied with true spirit;
As the project area lies within the forest protected area hence, Forest Department
should be taken on‐board before and during the proposed project activities;
All adjacent areas to Indus River should be treated as environmentally sensitive
and fragile;
Activities should be planned in such a way that breeding seasons of key wildlife
species of the area are not disturbed;
Potential migration of wildlife due to operational reasons e.g. noise should be
closely monitored and take appropriate actions thereon;
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Restoration of project sites/facilities should be ensured after successful completion
of project activities;
General public participation should be ensured during the assessment process and
their reservations and concerns should be addressed appropriately; and
Independent monitoring needs to be ensured during the execution of the proposed
exploration and associated development project activities.
8.4.9 Other meetings
Meetings were also held particularly with villages’ heads to disseminate information
regarding the proposed exploration and associated development activities. None of
the stakeholders consulted during the EIA consultation process showed any
uneasiness or apprehensions about the proposed project. Important recommendation
from villages’ heads and local elders are as under:
Locals should be preferred for employment;
The local cultural norms should be respected; and
The proponent should initiate comprehensive community development work in
the project area.
Key Findings and Issues
Biodiversity of area particularly should be protected by taking all concerned on‐
board;
Most of the communities and to some extent the local influential people are not
concerned over the environmental issues. They are mostly interested in getting
maximum benefits in terms of employment, local market boom and community
development programs;
People have hopes that the company would employ locals during its operations.
The biggest aspiration of the locals is getting one thing i.e. ‘employment’;
People have hopes that the company would develop roads and improve the
infrastructure of area; and
Compensations for land acquired/leased and standing crops should be disbursed
in a transparent manner on fast pace.
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Table 8‐1: List of Stakeholders Consulted during EIA
No. Representative Organization/Department Designation
1. Mr. Mohammad Imran Sabir Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency, Karachi
Deputy Director
(Technical)
2. Mr. Bakht Hussain Jatoi Sindh Forest Department RFO, Hyderabad
3. Mr. Abdul Rauf Qureshi Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency, Hyderabad
Deputy Director,
Hyderabad Region
4. Mr. Ali Nawaz Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency, Hyderabad
Field Inspector,
Hyderabad
5. Mr. Zulfiqar Baloch Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency, Hyderabad
Field Inspector,
Hyderabad
6. Dr. Abdul Manan
Directorate of Animal
Husbandry, Hyderabad,
Livestock and Fisheries
Department, GoS
Technical Officer
7. Mr. Amjad Pervaiz Dawach Sindh Irrigation Department Chief Engineer
8. Prof. Dr. Moazzam Ali Khan Institute of Environmental
Studies, University of Karachi Professor
9. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zaheer Khan
University of Karachi/ West
Asia, Commission on Ecosystem
Management, The World
Conservation Union – IUCN
Professor/Regional
Chair
10. Mr. Jawad Umer Khan Worldwide Fund for Nature
(WWF) Pakistan
Coordinator Marine
Program
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Photographs: Consultation Record
Photograph 8‐1: Consultation at Goth Sufan
Bacho
Photograph 8‐2: Consultation with Mr. Imran
Sabir, Sindh EPA
Photograph 8‐3: Consultation with
Representatives of Sindh EPA, Hyderabad
Photograph 8‐4: Community consultation at
Goth Haji Shabu
Photograph 8‐5: Consultation with locals at
Goth Khuda Baksh
Photograph 8‐6: Consultation session with
RFO, Hyderabad
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Photograph 8‐7: Consultation with Chief
Engineer, Irrigation Department, Hyderabad
Photograph 8‐8: Community consultation at
Goth Bachal Dehta
Photograph 8‐9: Consultation at Goth Bakhshia
Mari
Photograph 8‐10: Consultation with Dr. Abdul
Manan
Photograph 8‐11: Consultation session with
Prof. Dr. Moazzam Ali Khan
Photograph 8‐12: Community consultation at
Goth Aliabad
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Photograph 8‐13: Locals are being consulted at
Goth Karim Deno
Photograph 8‐14: Consultation session with
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zaheer Khan
Photograph 8‐15: Consultation session Mr.
Jawad Umer Khan (WWF Pakistan)
Photograph 8‐16: Community consultation at
Goth Jaitharo
Photograph 8‐17: Community consultation at
Goth Haji Ishaq
Photograph 8‐18: Consultation with locals at
Goth Gulshan‐e‐Shahbaz
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9 Conclusion
Pakistan is an energy deficient country, a large part of the country’s energy demands
are met through imports which is a severe burden on country’s foreign reserves and
economy. There is, therefore, a vital need to explore for additional energy reserves. On
the other hand, Pakistan is struggling to overcome a severe energy crisis that is
directly and indirectly affecting all sectors of economy. The oil import bill of the year
2017‐18 reached US $ 12 billion, creating a huge burden on the foreign exchange
reserves.
Oil & gas exploration and production have the potential to transform and can help to
revolutionize the energy mix existing within the country and can significantly
improve Pakistan’s economy. However, if country makes concreted and dedicated
efforts, the same obstacles may be transformed into opportunities. It is essential to act
now, and to develop our oil and natural gas resources, especially in the wake of acute
shortages. Moreover, the report also discusses the generation of economic activity
through oil and gas exploration and the possible benefits for thousands of Pakistanis
who are in need of sources of sustainable livelihoods.
Whereas the proposed O&G exploration and associated development activities in
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) will help towards achieving this objective. The
environmental study of the project area requires that potential environmental effects
due to the proposed project are evaluated, mitigation measures required to minimize
or obviate these impacts are assessed, implemented and monitored. Any residual
impacts are assessed for their significance.
These requirements have been addressed in this Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) study, which has covered in detail the following:
The proposed project activities;
Environmental baseline conditions of the project area;
Legislative requirements related to the proposed project;
Potential environmental effects of the proposed project activities on physical,
natural or biological and socioeconomic receptors; and
Mitigation and monitoring measures that will help in avoiding or minimizing
these impacts.
The operation will have a visible positive impact on the socioeconomic conditions of
the local residents of the area, manifested as increased local businesses, local
employment generated during the operations, increased mobility and increased
income due to disbursed money.
On the other hand, conservation of biodiversity in a sustainable way is also vital for
future of any country. Pakistan has taken practical steps towards protection of
environment in steady manner. Many efforts have been made for protection and
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improvement of environmental biodiversity to reach the international standards
however, there are still too many gaps and differences due to lack of proper
management activities. Therefore, it is necessary to take serious actions for effective
management of protected areas. Enforcement of existing laws in more effective mode,
effective management plans, community involvement, engagement of more experts to
achieve conservation targets, funding and recommendations of the EIA will ensure
that protected areas and its existing environment is not adversely affected due to
proposed project activities.
This EIA concludes that the proposed exploration and associated development project
will not lead to adverse environmental impacts of such nature or magnitude if the
mitigation measures for all impacts identified here are implemented as per the
prescriptions of the EIA. Similarly, no significant and unacceptable changes in the
baseline environmental conditions of the project area will occur. Additionally, careful
implementation of the project specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will
ensure that environmental impacts are managed and minimized with project
proponent meets all legal & statutory requirements.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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Appendix A Environmental Management Plan
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Appendix A – Environmental Management Plan
A.1 Introduction
United Energy Pakistan Limited (UEPL) intends to carry out exploration and
development activities in Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21). These activities range from
2D/3D seismic surveys, drilling of exploration/development wells, laying of flow line/s
from producing wells to the hydrocarbons gathering system/processing facility,
establishment of processing facilities e.g. EWT or CPP, up‐gradation/modification of
existing facilities with associated civil and engineering works e.g. construction of
access track/s, residential camp/s, construction of well site/s etc. and finally
decommissioning and site restorations.
This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed project activities in
Block (E.L. 2568‐21) has identified potential impacts that are likely to arise. The EIA
has examined in detail both negative and positive impacts of each stage of the
operation from the initial establishment of the logistics facilities to demobilization and
restoration. Where adverse impacts have been identified, the EIA has recommended
practical mitigation measures. These mitigation measures include management and
monitoring practices, alternative technologies, physical controls or compensation. The
mitigation measures proposed are based on a good understanding of the sensitivity
and behaviour of environmental receptors within the project area, past experience,
case studies, legislative controls, guidelines and experts’ advices.
For any residual impacts (impacts remaining after applying the recommended
mitigation measures) or for impacts in which there has been a level of uncertainty in
prediction such as the level of disturbance to wildlife, monitoring measures have been
recommended. Advice on monitoring measures required was sought from experts
involved in the EIA and case studies of similar monitoring carried out in other
protected areas in Pakistan.
For the effective implementation and management of the mitigation measures and
monitoring requirements an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been
prepared and presented in this section. The EMP satisfies the requirement of the Sindh
Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment Review
Regulations, 2014 and Pakistan Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental
Impact Assessment Review Procedures, 2000.
A.1.1 Regulatory Approval and Monitoring Mechanism
After getting ‘No Objection Certificate (NOC)’ from Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency (Sindh EPA), United Energy Pakistan Limited (UEPL) will be allowed to
conduct its proposed exploration and associated development activities in Kotri North
Block (E.L. 2568‐21). This EIA report is based on the fact that UEPL will obtain NOC
for the EIA (covering proposed exploration and associated development activities as
described in Chapter 4 of this EIA) from Sindh EPA and will submit the Project
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Initiation Report (PIR) for each proposed exploration and development to Sindh EPA
(for information) fifteen days prior to the start of any operation.
Kotri North Block (E.L. 2568‐21) encompass several forest protected areas. There are
about 28 reserve forests (all of them are small sized) are falling in the geographical
jurisdiction of the Block (E.L. 2568‐21). These reserve forests includes; Kunar Rishal,
Keti Dallu, Nur Keti, Drabo, Manjhand, Keti Khasai, Unarpur, Rudhapur, Rishal,
Nural Abad, Racho Khanot, Pako Bhanot, Butho, Ranno, Rajri, Salaro Ghotana, Lakha,
Khasai, Ghotana, Murid Rais, Sekhat, Matiari, Miana, Hatri, Muhammad Khan, Bada,
Shah Bukhari and Railo Bada. These reserve forests which were once pristine riverine
forests, now mostly are under cultivation.
All activities which are being planned particularly seismic, drilling, laying of flow line
activities and establishment of processing facility (GPF) within the project area will be
monitored by a team of Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC). The team will
comprise of activity monitor, wildlife monitor and a wildlife specialists (SWD
representative). Monthly effects monitoring and activity monitoring will also be
carried out according to the monitoring program recommended in the EMP.
A.1.2 Objectives of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address adverse environmental impacts,
to enhance project benefits and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted
for all project works. The primary objectives of the EMP are:
Outline mitigation measures recommended in the EIA and define the
responsibility and timing for the implementation of these measures;
Develop a monitoring mechanism and identify parameters that can confirm the
implementation of the mitigation measures;
Define roles and responsibilities of the project proponent for the implementation of
EMP and identify areas where these roles and responsibilities can be shared with
other stakeholders; and
Define the requirements necessary for documenting compliance with the EMP and
communicating it to all concerned regulatory agencies.
A.1.3 Methodology
The basic approach to prepare this plan mainly comprise of:
A review of relevant environmental laws, policies, legislations and guidelines;
A review of past environmental studies carried out in Kotri North Block and
immediate concessions;
A review of relevant environmental data in Kotri North Block;
On the basis of past experience gained during the monitoring of similar projects in
relation to O&G exploration and production; and
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Consultation with United Energy Pakistan Limited’s staff.
A.2 Legislation and Guidelines
The EIA has discussed national and international legislation and guidelines and their
relevance to the proposed project. United Energy Pakistan Limited shall ensure that
the operation is conducted in conformance to UEPL’s corporate environmental policy,
national legislation and relevant international conventions and that guidance is sought
from national and international guidelines. All relevant legislation, guidelines,
convention and corporate requirements are discussed in Chapter 3 of this EIA. UEPL
shall also ensure that the key project management staffs are aware of these legislation
and guidelines.
The Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS) specify standards for industrial
and municipal effluents, gaseous emissions, vehicular emissions and noise levels is
provided in Table 3‐1, Table 3‐2 and Table 3‐3 of EIA report. The standards for
ambient air requirements, noise levels and drinking water quality are provided in
Table 3‐4 to 3‐6. International standards for land treatment and on‐site burial of E&P
wastes in unlined pits is provided in Table 3‐7. Table 3‐8 provides the less stringent
criteria set by LSO 29B.
A.3 Organizational Structure with Roles & Responsibilities
A.3.1 Organizational Structure
The proposed project includes the following main organizations:
United Energy Pakistan Limited as the project proponent and owners of the EMP;
The seismic, construction, drilling, laying of flow line, establishment of processing
facility and all other contractors as the executors of the EMP;
Independent Monitoring Consultants (IMC) as the monitors for the execution of
the EMP and effects monitoring; and
Sindh Environmental Protection Agency, Sindh Wildlife Department and Sindh
Forest Department as the regulators.
These organizations will have the following roles and responsibilities during the
project activities.
A.3.2 Roles & Responsibilities
Abovementioned organizations will have the following role and responsibilities
during the proposed project activities.
a. Roles & Responsibilities of United Energy Pakistan Limited (UEPL)
As project proponents, UEPL will be responsible for ensuring the implementation of
the EMP. The HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) Manager will be responsible for
the overall environmental performance during the proposed operations. He will
delegate a representative from UEPL who will have functional responsibilities for
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Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) matters during the project. The UEPL
representative will hold prime responsibility for ensuring that the environmental
performance of the project is in accordance with governing legislations, UEPL’s
corporate objectives and the recommendations of this EIA. UEPL will ensure that the
provisions of the EMP are translated into the contractor’s requirements and that these
requirements are implemented to the full extent.
b. Roles & Responsibilities of Project Contractors
For the proposed project, UEPL will appoint contractors for different field operations.
The contractors will be responsible for implementation of, or adherence to all
provisions of the EIA and the EMP and with any environmental and other codes of
conduct required by UEPL. Overall responsibility for the contractor’s environmental
performance will rest with the person holding the highest management position
within the contractor’s organization in Pakistan. Reporting to their management the
contractor’s site manager will be responsible for the effective implementation of the
EIA and the EMP. The contractor’s HSE officer will have functional responsibilities to
ensure implementation of or adherence to the requirements of the EMP.
c. Roles and Responsibilities of IMC
To fulfil the monitoring requirements within area of operation, UEPL will appoint an
Independent Monitoring Consultant (IMC). The IMC will be responsible for carrying
out monitoring according to the requirements of the EMP. Program Manager of IMC
will be responsible for the management of the IMC field monitors and effects
monitoring team comprising of an activity monitor, wildlife monitor and wildlife
specialist (SWD) which will report to the Program Manager. IMC’s field
representatives will have functional responsibilities to ensure monitoring of the project
activities as per the requirements of the EMP. The IMC will report directly to UEPL
who will then disseminate the IMC reports and findings to Sindh EPA.
d. Roles and Responsibilities of Regulators
In pursuance to the sub‐regulation (2) of Regulation 9 of Sindh Initial Environmental
Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment Review Regulations, 2014 after
receiving the subject EIA from the proponent and issuing the confirmation of
completeness cause to be published in any English or Urdu national newspaper and in
a local newspaper of general circulation in the area affected by the project, a public
notice mentioning the type of project, its exact location, the name and address of the
proponent and the places at which the EIA of the project, subject to the restrictions in
sub‐section (3) of Section 17, can be accessed. The notice will fix a date and time and
place for the Public Hearing for any comments on the project or the EIA.
Sindh EPA, SFD and SWD will monitor compliance with the requirements of EMP of
the project and any additional mitigation measures provided in the NOC for the
project.
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A.3.3 Planning & Design of the Operation
a. Design of the Operation
Design of the operation includes the activities detailed in the Chapter 4 of EIA report.
Following approval of the EIA, any changes to the proposed activities will be handled
through the Change Management Plan provided in this EMP.
b. Approvals
Obtaining No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the Sindh EPA will not relieve the
proponent of other legal obligations and hence UEPL and project contractors will
obtain all other relevant clearances and necessary approvals required by the
Government of Pakistan or Government of Sindh prior to commencing the respective
operations.
c. Contractual Provisions
Adherence to the requirements of the EIA and EMP in terms of environmental
mitigation will be required from all project contractors and thus EMP will form part of
their contracts with United Energy Pakistan Limited.
A.3.4 Implementation of the Operation
a. Coordination with Stakeholders
United Energy Pakistan Limited will ensure that coordination with project
stakeholders i.e. Sindh EPA and SFD on environmental and social matters as required
by the EMP are maintained throughout the course of operation. SWD can also be taken
on‐board to improve the biodiversity of the area.
b. HSE Management Systems
United Energy Pakistan Limited and its contractors will ensure that the mitigation
measures mentioned in the Mitigation Management Matrix for the core activities of
seismic, drilling, laying of flow line activities and establishment of processing facility
(Table A‐1, Table A‐2, Table A‐3 and Table A‐4) are adhered to and organizational
HSE Management Systems are implemented during the proposed project. The
contractors will abide by the relevant contractual provisions relating to the
environment.
c. Minimum Distances
The EIA specifies minimum distances to be maintained from environmental features
including communities, water resources, wildlife sensitive areas and archaeological
sites (if encountered) etc. These minimum distances from sensitive environmental
features for project activities are provided in Table A‐5, A‐6 and A‐7. The Contractors
shall ensure that these minimum distances are adhered to during the operation and
are inspected by United Energy Pakistan Limited’s Representative.
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d. Monitoring
United Energy Pakistan Limited, contractors of the project and IMC will ensure that
monitoring of the proposed project activities are carried out according to the
monitoring program given in the EMP. An environmental monitoring program is
provided in Section 4 of the EMP. A tentative frequency of monitoring mitigation
measures is provided in Table A‐8.
e. Emergency Procedures
United Energy Pakistan Limited and the contractors will prepare contingency plans to
deal with any emergency situation that may arise during the operation e.g. major oil
spills, medical evacuation and communicate these to the regulatory agencies if
required or inquired.
f. Approvals
The project contractors will be responsible for obtaining all relevant approvals from
IMC such as approvals for waste contractors, water sources, camps’ location and
setup, and others as specified in the Mitigation Management Matrix.
g. Trainings
All contractors engaged in the activities will be responsible for the selection and
training of their staff capable of completing the project activities properly and
efficiently. The contractor with the assistance of IMC will be responsible for providing
trainings to their staff members according to the training program. The training
program is discussed briefly in Section 8.
h. Communication and Documentation
UEPL, IMC and the contractors will ensure that the communication and
documentation requirements specified in the EMP are fulfilled during the entire phase
of proposed project activities.
i. Restoration
United Energy Pakistan Limited will be responsible for the final restoration of work
areas according to the requirements of the EIA.
A.4 Environmental Monitoring
The objective of the environmental monitoring during proposed exploration and
associated development phase will be as follows:
To check compliance of the contractors and UEPL with the EMP by monitoring
activities of the project on a daily basis;
To monitor impacts of the operation in which there has been a level of uncertainty
in prediction such as impacts on wildlife and to recommend mitigation measures if
the impacts are assessed to be in excess of or different from those assessed in the
EIA. The aim will be attained through Effects Monitoring; and
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To ascertain residual impacts of the entire course of the operation. This will be
achieved by Post‐Project Monitoring.
To achieve these objectives the following monitoring program will be implemented.
a. Compliance Monitoring
Compliance monitoring will be carried out to ensure compliance with the
requirements of the EIA and to document and report all non‐compliances. The
Mitigation Management Matrix for core activities i.e. Seismic, Drilling, Laying of Flow
Line/Tie‐in/Wellhead Works and Establishment of GPF/CPP are provided in the EMP
will be used as a management and monitoring tool. Inspection may be carried out
using standard checklists provided in the EMP. Activity monitoring will be the
responsibility of all organizations involved in the operation i.e. UEPL, IMC, Seismic,
Drilling and other project executor contractors.
The contractors HSEO will be responsible for monitoring the compliance of their
organization with the relevant EMP requirements. An IMC field monitor will monitor
the contractor’s compliance and will also ensure that during proposed project
activities, a system and plan is in place for effective compliance monitoring. Any non‐
compliance observed by IMC will be recorded in non‐compliance recording forms and
discussed during the daily environmental meeting. UEPL’s Representative will make
regular checks on the contractor’s works, keep records of all non‐compliances
observed during the execution of the project activities and the details of all remedial
actions taken to mitigate the adverse project impacts.
b. Effects Monitoring
IMC field monitor will be responsible to carry out the required effects monitoring
during the seismic, overall construction and drilling activities. A wildlife monitor and
specialists will also accompany him during monthly wildlife effects monitoring
survey.
c. Post‐Project Monitoring
The objective of this monitoring will be to determine the level of residual impacts of
the project activities on physical, biological and socioeconomic receptors of the project
area. The monitoring may be carried out within one month after the end of all
activities in the project area. As part of the post‐project monitoring methodology
restoration of sites will also be checked.
A.5 Communication & Documentation
A.5.1 Project/Activity Initiation Report
Prior to the start of any segment of the proposed exploration and associated
development activities, United Energy Pakistan Limited will inform the Sindh
Environmental Protection Agency (Sindh EPA) about the initiation of the respective
activity and relevant details such as site specific baseline conditions and any changes
from the EIA. The information will be submitted to Sindh EPA in the form of Project
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Initiation Report or Activity Initiation Report at least 15 days prior to the start of the
particular activity.
A.5.2 Kick-off Meeting
For proposed exploration and associated development operation, prior to
commencement of work and after setup of the field camp, a meeting will be held on‐
site to discuss implementation of the EMP, show commitment to adhere with the EMP
and check readiness of the contractors to start the project. The meeting will be
attended by relevant management staff from United Energy Pakistan Limited and the
contractors. Sindh EPA, SFD and SWD officials may also be invited to attend the
meeting.
A.5.3 Daily Meetings & Reports
A daily meeting will be held during the proposed exploration and associated
development project activities to discuss the environmental conduct of the respective
operation, non‐compliances noted and their remedial measures. The meeting will be
attended by the UEPL Site Representatives, Contractor’s HSEO and IMC’s Activity
Monitor. The meetings will be recorded in the form of a Daily Environmental Report.
The report will be communicated to the UEPL’s HSE Representatives and senior
members of the contractors. The report will include:
Summary of project activities on that day;
UEPL and contractors environmental representatives present onsite; and
Non‐compliances observed and mitigation measures taken or required.
A.5.4 Monthly Reports
A Monthly Environmental Report (MER) will be prepared by IMC summarizing the
project activities and results of activity and Effects Monitoring. The purpose of these
reports will be to review the performance of the operation by reviewing the number of
non‐conformances and the environmental incidences that occurred during the
reporting period, progress on daily action items and to list recommendations for
additional controls, mitigation measures or monitoring requirements.
A.5.5 Effects Monitoring Reports
The results of effects monitoring surveys on biological, physical and socioeconomic
environment e.g. on wildlife, use of water resources, communities etc. will be
compiled by the Independent Monitoring Consultant in the form of a report. This
section on effects monitoring will be included in the monthly and final environmental
monitoring report. Effects monitoring requirements for proposed exploration and
associated development activities is provided in Table A‐9. The report as a minimum
will include:
Objectives and methodology;
Person(s) involved in the survey;
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Areas surveyed:
Results of the monitoring exercise along with raw data collected on field; and
Conclusions on the effects of the project activities.
A.5.6 Social Complaints Register
The UEPL’s Site Representative will maintain a register of complaints received from
local communities and measures taken to mitigate these concerns. All community
complaints received will be sent to the UEPL’s HSE Management for further action.
A.5.7 Change Record Register
All changes to the EMP or the project will be handled through the Change
Management Plan provided in the EMP. These changes will be registered in a Change
Record Register.
A.5.8 Photographic Record
United Energy Pakistan Limited will ensure that a photographic record including the
following is maintained:
All areas used by the project activities; before use, during use and after restoration;
Key non‐compliances; and
Key project activities.
A.5.9 Final Monitoring Report
For each project a final monitoring report will be prepared by Independent Monitoring
Consultant (IMC). The report will include the following:
Introduction;
Details of the project activities;
Natural resources used during the project;
Non‐compliances recorded;
Effects of the project on wildlife, communities and physical resources;
Photographic records;
Approvals provided during the project;
Change management statements;
Trainings;
Conclusions; and
Recommendations for future projects.
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A.6 Mitigation Management Matrix
Mitigation Management Matrix for proposed core operations i.e. seismic, drilling,
laying of flow line and establishment/construction of GPF with associated civil and
engineering activities is provided in Table A‐1, Table A‐2, Table A‐3 and Table A‐4.
The Mitigation Management Matrix will be used as a management and monitoring
tool for implementation of the mitigation measures required by the EIA. The matrix
lists down:
The required mitigation measures recommended in the EIA;
The person/organization directly responsible for adhering to or executing the
required mitigation measures and monitoring adherence to the mitigation
measures;
The parameters which will be monitored to ensure compliance with the mitigation
measures; and
The timing at which the mitigation or monitoring has to be carried out.
United Energy Pakistan Limited will hold primary and overall responsibility for
ensuring full implementation of the EMP.
A.7 Change Management Plan
The EIA recognizes that changes in the operation or the EMP may be required during
the proposed exploration and associated development project activities therefore,
provides a Change Management Plan to manage such changes. The management of
changes is discussed under two separate headings, Changes to the EMP and Changes
to the Operation.
A.7.1 Changes to the EMP
The EIA and the EMP have been developed based on the best possible information
available at the time of the EIA study. However, it is possible that during the conduct
of the proposed operation some aspects of the EMP may need to be changed owning
to their non‐applicability in a certain area of operation or the need for additional
mitigation measures based on the findings of environmental monitoring during the
operation. In such cases following actions shall be taken.
A meeting will be held between United Energy Pakistan Limited, the contractor and
the Independent Monitoring Team (if required). During the meeting the proposed
deviation from the EMP, planning and designing will be discussed and agreed upon
by all parties.
Based on the discussion during the meeting, a change report will be produced
collectively, which will include the original EMP clause/plan or design, the change
that has been agreed upon and the reasons for the change. The report will be signed by
all the parties and will be filed at the site office. All relevant project personnel will be
informed of the change.
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A.7.2 Changes to the Operation
The change management system recognizes three orders of changes.
a. First Order Change
A first order change is the one that leads to a significant departure requires a
reassessment of the environmental impacts. Examples of first order impacts include:
Any other activity other than those specified in this EIA e.g. construction of PV
plant, establishment of wind farm; and
Seismic, drilling or establishment of hydrocarbon processing facility outside of
Kotri North Block;
Action Required – Environmental impacts of the proposed change will be reassessed
and sent to the Sindh Environmental Protection Agency for approval.
b. Second Order Change
A second order change is one that does not result in the project description or impacts
that are significantly different from those detailed in the EIA. Examples of second
order changes include:
During project activities, inability to adhere with the minimum distances
recommended in the EIA/EMP;
Use of oil based mud during drilling;
Increasing the crew size by over 100% during seismic acquisition;
Undertaking of construction activity during night time; and
Under unavoidable conditions (due to improper access for water bowsers, long
haul distances or unavailability of tube wells in the project area etc.) limited water
abstraction from surface water resources (not visited/inhabited by wildlife) to be
allowed (for seismic acquisition only) by IMC after getting a formal approval from
locals/influential and regulators like Irrigation Department and ensuring that
limited water will not result in water shortage at that point and social conflicts.
Action Required – The required action for such changes is to reassess the impact of the
activity on the environment and specify additional mitigation measures if required
and report the changes to the Sindh EPA. Sindh EPA will review the change
management statement and communicate any concerns. If Sindh EPA agrees with the
assessment of the IMC, it does not have to send a formal approval. 15 days after
submission of the change management statement, the change will be implemented
unless a communication to the contrary has been received from Sindh EPA.
c. Third Order Change
A third order change is one that does not result in impacts above those already
assessed in the EIA, rather these may be made on site to minimize the impact of an
activity such as:
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Increasing the crew size by over 50% during seismic acquisition;
Use of vibroseis in a small portion of agricultural land;
Change in alignment of seismic lines or RoW of flow line to avoid sensitive areas;
and
One or all of the minimum distances specified in the EIA cannot be maintained
only once or twice during the operation.
Action Required – The only action required for such changes will be to record the
change in the Change Record Register.
A.8 Training Program
Environmental trainings will be formed, part of the environmental management
system. The training will be directed towards all personnel for general environmental
awareness.
A.8.1 Objectives
The key objective of training program is to ensure that the requirements of the EMP
are clearly understood and followed throughout the project. The trainings to the staff
will help in communicating environmental related restrictions specified in the EIA and
EMP.
A.8.2 Roles and Responsibilities
The contractors will be primarily responsible for providing environmental training to
all project personnel on potential environmental issues of the project. The contractors
will be responsible to arrange trainings and ensure the presence of targeted staff.
A.8.3 Training Program
The environmental awareness, EIA and EMP trainings will also be carried out during
the entire course of the proposed operation on the basis of following criteria:
a. Training Logs
All training logs will be maintained by the contractors. The training log will include:
Topic
Date, time and location
Trainer
Participants
b. Training Needs Assessment
In addition to the training specified in the training log special/additional trainings will
be provided during the project activity. The criteria to assess the need of training will
be based on the following:
When a specified percentage of staff is newly inducted in the project;
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When any non‐compliance is repeatedly reported, refresher training will be
provided regarding that issue;
When any environmental incident/accident of minor or major nature occurs;
Arrival of new contractor/sub‐contractor; and
Start of any new process/activity.
Suggested training program during the proposed exploration and associated
development activities is provided in Table A‐10.
c. Training Material
The contractors will develop and prepare training material regarding environmental
awareness, sensitivity of the area, EIA, EMP and restrictions to be followed during the
project. Separate training material will be prepared for each targeted staff.
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Table A‐1: Mitigation Management Matrix for Proposed Seismic Activities
No Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
1 Changes in Landscape & Soil Erosion
1.1 Seismic lines in the undulating areas will follow natural contours
wherever possible. However, in areas where seismic line cutting is a
requirement, the activity will be carried out in a way that would
minimize disturbance to natural topography and soils
UEPL, IMC, SC Check line preparation During line
preparation
1.2 The width of lines cleared for vibroseis will be limited to 3 m to
minimize clearing of vegetation and disturbance to soil
UEPL, IMC, SC Randomly check width of lines During line
preparation
1.3 Clearing of vegetation will be kept to a minimum, especially dense
patches of vegetation and the areas where the wildlife presence is
confirmed and near surface water bodies
UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor land clearing activities During land clearing
1.4 The cutting of trees or tall shrubs will be avoided as much as possible UEPL, IMC, SC Supervise land clearing activities During land clearing
1.5 Construction and seismic camps will be located in existing clearings
and on levelled land
UEPL, IMC, SC Identify campsite for the SC At the time of site
selection for campsite
1.6 Total land uptake by the camps and access road will be kept to the
minimum required
UEPL, IMC, SC Check areas Prior to and during
construction of camps
1.7 During seismic operation the number of routes used will be kept to a
minimum and road travel will be minimized
UEPL, IMC, SC Approve access tracks and check
road travel
During the entire
operation
1.8 During seismic operation the preparation of new access tracks will be
minimized. Where improvement of existing tracks or development of
short lengths of new tracks is unavoidable the width of the access track
will not exceed 3 m
UEPL, IMC, SC Supervise preparation of access
tracks and randomly check width
of access track
Prior to and during
track preparation
1.9 Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid excessive dust
emissions
UEPL, IMC, SC Set and monitor speed limits During the entire
operation
1.10 Off‐road travel should be avoided and observance of this should be
monitored during the operation
UEPL, IMC, SC Approve access track and
monitor off‐road travel
During the entire
operation
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No Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
1.11 Periodic trainings will be provided to drivers on mitigation measures
related to off‐road travel and speed limits
UEPL, IMC, SC Check training log and provide
trainings
During the entire
project
1.12 Photographs will be taken before any activity to record the conditions
of campsite, roads and seismic lines at locations that are likely to under
go soil erosion. Similar photographs will be taken at intervals
throughout the survey to monitor any changes and soil conditions
IMC, UEPL Supervise and ensure compliance During the entire
project
2 Soil and Water Contamination
2.1 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) shall be preferred for handling of
black/grey water under BATNEEC/BAT, but in case of unavailability of
STP, septic tank and soak pits shall be provided
UEPL, IMC, SC Check provision of STP During the design and
construction of
campsite
2.2 Wastewater from laundry, kitchen washings and showers will be
disposed of into separate soak pits
UEPL, IMC, SC Check provision of soak pits at
campsite
During the
construction of
campsite
2.3 Soak pits shall be built in absorbent soil and located 300 m away from a
surface water source or a groundwater well
UEPL, IMC, SC Check soil condition and distance
between the soak pits and the
nearest water body
During the
construction of
campsite
2.4 Soak pits will be constructed such that surface runoff cann’t enter into
the pits
UEPL, IMC, SC Check design of the soak pit and
monitor construction
During the
construction of
campsite
2.5 All kinds of wastewater pits will be designed to accommodate
wastewater generated during the total duration of the operation
UEPL, IMC, SC Check design of wastewater pits Before construction
2.6 In case the soak pits get filled during the operation, grey water will be
discharged in the nearest municipal drains after getting formal
approval from local authorities. Sprinkling of grey water will be not be
allowed
UEPL, IMC, SC Check provision of soak pits and
monitor the transfer activity
During the entire
operation
2.7 No solid waste will be disposed of in the field. Within the camp areas
all solid wastes will be disposed of in waste bins provided within the
camp area
UEPL, IMC, SC Check provision of waste bins During the entire
operation
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No Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
2.8 Combustible, non‐combustible and hazardous wastes including plastic
or glass bottles and cans will be temporarily stored on site and
sold/handed over to a waste/recycling contractor who will utilize these
wastes for recycling purposes
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
2.9 At the time of restoration soak pits will be backfilled with at least 1 m
of soil cover keeping in view landscape of surrounding natural surface
UEPL, IMC, SC Check soil cover During the restoration
2.10 At the time of restoration septic tanks will be dismantled in place and
backfilled with at least 1 m of soil cover above the buried dismantled
septic tank
UEPL, IMC, SC Check soil cover During the restoration
2.11 It will be ensured that after restoration activities the campsites are
clean and that no refuse has been left behind
UEPL, IMC, SC Detail inspection After restoration
2.12 All concrete structures at the campsites will be removed and buried in
garbage or soak pits and the pits backfilled with at least 1 m of soil
cover
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the restoration
2.13 Restoration of seismic lines will include removal of all cables,
geophones, station units, flags, stakes and wastes from the lines and
back filling of all mud pits. For reference purposes a photographic
record of selected sections of seismic lines will be taken before and
after the operation
UEPL, IMC, SC Check line restoration During and after the
restoration of seismic
lines
2.14 Vehicles will only be washed in designated areas within campsites UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure provision of washing
areas and monitor any non‐
compliances
During the entire
operation
2.15 Vehicles will be daily checked for fuel or oil leaks. Vehicles with leaks
will not be operated until repaired
UEPL, IMC, SC Check maintenance logs and
ensure daily inspection of
vehicles for leaks
During the entire
operation
2.16 All fuel and oil storage areas will have a concrete pad underneath to
prevent soil contamination in case of leaks or spills
UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure provision of concrete pad During camp setup
and construction
activity
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No Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
2.17 All fuel tanks will be properly marked to highlight their contents UEPL, IMC, SC Check safety signs During the entire
operation
2.18 Fuel and oil storage areas will have secondary containment in the form
of concrete or brick masonry bunds. The volume of the containment
area should be equal to 125% of the total volume of fuel stored
UEPL, IMC, SC Check containment volume of the
bunded area
At the time of
construction
2.19 During fuel and oil transfer operations such as re‐fuelling
vibroseis/bulldozers through a dedicated fuel vehicle, drips and spills
will be avoided and drip pans will be used
UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure provision of drips pans,
provide training on safe re‐
fuelling practices, monitor oil or
fuel transfer
During the entire
operation
2.20 Fuels tanks will be daily checked for leaks and all such leaks will be
plugged immediately
UEPL, IMC, SC Inspect fuel tanks for leaks During the entire
operation
2.21 The soil contaminated from minor and moderate spills will be removed
disposed of appropriately
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
2.22 The soil contaminated from major spills may require specialized
treatment such as incineration or bioremediation
UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor and supervise special
treatment, if any
During the entire
operation
2.23 A spill prevention and contingency plan will be prepared to deal with
moderate and major spills
UEPL, IMC, SC Study and examine the plan and
identify any flaws, if any before
its approval
Before the
commencement of
project
2.24 Shovels, plastic bags and absorbent material should be present near
fuel and oil storage or handling areas to attend spills and leaks
UEPL, IMC, SC Check provision of materials During the entire
operation
2.25 Used oil and vehicle related waste will be transported to local
contractors for recycling
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
2.26 Bentonite mud used for the purpose of uphole and deep hole drilling
will be prepared in earthen pits. The used mud will be disposed of in
the same pit and left to dry. After the mud has dried the pit will be
backfilled
UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor preparation and disposal
of mud
During deep hole and
uphole drilling
2.27 Medical wastes will be temporarily stored onsite separately and
incinerated at nearest facility
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-18 HPK
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Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
2.28 Construction of burn pit and burning of waste will not be allowed UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
2.29 Blasting, construction or drilling activities will not be performed in
Indus River
UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure compliance During the entire
operation
3 Deterioration of Air Quality
3.1 Generators, compressors, equipment and vehicles used during seismic
operations will be maintained in a good condition to ensure that
emissions are kept to a minimum level
UEPL, IMC, SC Check maintenance logs During the entire
operation
3.2 During seismic operations vehicles speed will be regulated and
monitored to minimize dust emissions
UEPL, IMC, SC Set and monitor speed limits During the entire
operation
3.3 Campsites will be located at least 300 m away from communities UEPL, IMC, SC Check distances of campsite from
communities
Prior to construction of
campsites
3.4 During construction and seismic operation dust emissions will be
minimized by sprinkling of the access tracks (wherever applicable)
UEPL, IMC, SC Set and monitor speed limits.
Monitor sprinkling of access track
During the entire
operation
3.5 Burning of waste will not be allowed and all combustible and non‐
combustible wastes will be handed over the approved waste contractor
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
3.6 Comply with minimum safe distances from environmental receptors
recommended in the EIA study
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
3.7 Access tracks used during proposed seismic operation passing through
communities will be avoided. If unavoidable a speed limit of less than
30 km/hr will be observed on the section of the road passing through
the community
UEPL, SC, IMC Ensure compliance During the entire
operation
3.8 During operation emissions from all point sources and ambient air
quality shall also be monitored to check compliance with SEQS in
accordance to applicable laws and regulations
UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure compliance with SEQS During the entire
operation
3.9 Appropriate measures will be taken to avoid ozone depletion UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor measures During the entire
operation
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-19 HPK
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Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
3.10 During preparation of access tracks, levelling or widening along the
access road/s will be done in sections, immediately followed by
sprinkling of water and also preferably compaction (where required)
UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure compliance During the
construction phase
4 Noise Pollution
4.1 It will be ensured that generators, vehicles and other potentially noisy
equipment used during seismic activities are in good working
condition
UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor noise levels Prior to use of
machinery and
vehicles
4.2 Seismic camps will be located 300 m away from nearest communities UEPL, IMC, SC Check distances from the
community
Prior to construction of
the campsites
4.3 The use of horns by project vehicles will be minimized. The use of
pressure horns will not be allowed
UEPL, IMC, SC Train drivers, check vehicles and
record non‐compliances
During the entire
operation
4.4 Movement of all project vehicles and personnel will be restricted to
within work areas only
UEPL, IMC, SC Advise all drivers and monitor
non‐compliances
During the entire
operation
4.5 Appropriate control actions shall be taken to mitigate adverse noise
impacts in working areas, if levels found in excess of NEQS or SEQS at
the neighboring communities
UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor noise levels at
neighboring communities
During the entire
operation
4.6 Conduct regular noise monitoring as per applicable rules and
regulations
UEPL, IMC, SC Conduct regular noise monitoringDuring the entire
operation
5 Water Abstraction
5.1 Water from dhands, canals or any other suface water body will not be
used. Under special circumstances like long haul distances, improper
access for water bowsers in remote areas etc. surface water resources
may be exploited for limited water abstraction during seismic
operation (for operational needs only) after getting approval from the
concerned department
UEPL, IMC, SC Check sources of water
abstraction and ensure
compliance
During the entire
operation
5.2 The quantity of water used during seismic, drilling (flush or uphole
etc.) and camps construction operations will be kept to the minimum
required by taking prudent water conservation measures on site
UEPL, IMC, SC Check consumption of water During the entire
operation
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Action/Monitoring
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5.3 A complete record of water consumption during seismic and camps
construction will be maintained
UEPL, IMC, SC Check records During the entire
operation
5.4 Water required for seismic and construction of camps operation may
be obtained from existing local wells or newly installed UEPL water
wells in the area
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
5.5 If a new water well is to be installed, the well will be located 300 m
from existing local wells and will be designed to abstract water
preferably from deep aquifer not being used by local communities
UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor distance from the
existing wells
Before the start of the
operation
5.6 Water from a local well will only be used after ensuring that the
available capacity at the tube well (safe yield minus local demand) is at
least 50% greater than the project demand. Discharge from the tube
well will be regularly monitored to monitor any changes in the yield of
the wells. If a single well fails to meet this requirement, water will be
obtained from multiple wells such that each well meets the above‐
mentioned requirement
UEPL, IMC, SC Check local demand and water
abstraction
During the entire
operation
5.7 For all water obtained from local wells, the owner will paid for the
water abstracted at the appropriate rates
UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure compliance During the entire
operation
5.8 Preferably, the potable water requirement will be met by installing
water treatment system (such as reverse osmosis)
SC, IMC, UEPL IMC to guide on preservation of
water
During the entire
operation
6 Clearing of Vegetation & Loss of Habitat
6.1 The campsite areas will be kept to the minimum required UEPL, IMC, SC Check areas for the camps
establishment
Prior to camp setup
6.2 Camps will be located in existing clearings and levelled land UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance Before camp setup
6.3 Clearing of vegetation will be kept to a minimum and avoided as much
as possible, especially dense patches of vegetation where wildlife
presence is confirmed and areas near surface water bodies
UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor clearing activities During entire
operation
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Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
6.4 The cutting of trees or tall shrubs will be avoided as much as possible.
Under unavoidable circumstances any clearing required will be done
with prior approval of IMC and custodian of the area. Each tree cutting
for clearing of site will be replaced/compensated by plantation of trees
at site (10 trees for each tree cut). The tree species shall be indigenous
to the region
UEPL, IMC, SC Supervise land clearing activities During land clearing
activities
6.5 Use of local vegetation/wood as fuel by crew personnel will be stirctly
prohibited
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
6.6 Dust emissions on access tracks will be reduced by keeping speed
limits below 40 km/hr
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
6.7 Crew personnel while working along seismic lines will concentrate
within a corridor of 3 m
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
6.8 Earthen pits for preparation and disposal of bentonite mud and drill
cuttings will be located in an area where minimum vegetation clearing
is involved
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
6.9 Campsites will avoid areas of dense vegetation as much as possible UEPL, IMC, SC Check site allocated for campsites Before the start of
clearing acitivities
6.10 Access tracks will be avoided from passing through patches of dense
vegetation
UEPL, IMC, SC Check the alignment of access
tracks
Before land clearing
and construction
operation
6.11 During seismic operation clearing of vegetation will be minimized by
minimizing the width of the vibroseis tracks, minimizing the
preparation of new access tracks and keeping the width of new access
tracks to the minimum required
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During entire
operation
7 Disturbance to Wildlife
7.1 Prior to commencement of seismic operation, awareness trainings will
be provided to contractor’s management and field crew on matters
related to the requirements of the EMP in this regard
UEPL, IMC, SC Provide environmental awareness
training
Before commencement
of seismic operation
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-22 HPK
No Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
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Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
7.2 Hunting, fishing, harassment, feeding, trapping or killing of wildlife
will be strictly prohibited
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
7.3 Vegetation clearing and land uptake during seismic operations will be
minimized
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
7.4 Campsites for seismic operation will be located 300 m from surface
water bodies
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance Before the construction
7.5 The time period of operation near wetland/dhands/surface water bodies
and dense patches of vegetation will be minimized or avoided, if
possible; especially during rutting or breeding period of the key
wildlife species found in the project area by good planning and
efficient working to reduce the time period of disturbance. Within the
core habitat of wildlife the seismic operation should be completed
within the shortest time possible
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During operation in
the area
7.6 Development of new access tracks during seismic activity will be
minimized, where access tracks are prepared their width will be kept
to 3 m
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During entire
operation
7.7 For preparation of access tracks, routes involving minimum clearing of
vegetation will be selected, clearing of dense patches of vegetation will
be avoided
UEPL, IMC, SC Monitor clearing operation During land clearing
7.8 Seismic deep holes and upholes will avoid disturbing live bird nests
and small mammal and reptile holes
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
7.9 Food wastes will not be disposed or left in the open UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
7.10 Night traveling will be strictly prohibited and will only be allowed in
case of emergency
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
7.11 A distance of 50 m will be maintained from surface water bodies
during data acquisition and line clearing
UEPL, IMC, SC Check distances and ensure
compliance
During the entire
operation
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-23 HPK
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Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
7.12 Compressors and vehicles will be maintained in good condition and
provided with muffles to reduce noise
UEPL, IMC, SC Check maintenance logs and
ensure the provision of muffles
During the entire
operation
7.13 Blasting, construction or drilling activities will not be performed in
Indus River
UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure compliance During the entire
operation
7.14 Impacts of the individual projects on wildlife will be monitored by
independent monitoring teams
UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8 Disturbance to Communities
8.1 Project contractors and field staff shall be taken through a Community
and External Affairs Induction program before execution of seismic
activities
UEPL, IMC, SC Ensure arrangement of induction
program
Before commencement
of seismic activities
8.2 All community grievances will be recorded and maintained in a
Community Complaints Register. In addition to this close liaison will
be maintained between the community and the site representatives of
UEPL throughout the course of activities
UEPL, IMC, SC Check the provision of complaint
register and its access for
communities
During the entire
operation
8.3 Compensation amounts for land leased for various project components
will be disbursed in equitable and transparent manner on fast pace
UEPL, SC, IMC Check compensation records During the entire
operation
8.4 Compensation amounts will be paid to land owners before land is
acquired, if not possible, then amounts should be paid as soon as
possible
UEPL, SC, IMC Check compensation records During the entire
operation
8.5 Loss of standing crops, traditional land rights and community
ownership will be given due consideration while determining
compensation amounts
UEPL, SC, IMC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.6 Compensation amounts will be settled based on prevailing market
rates and will be settled after an agreement is reached between the
local residents, operator and local administrator
UEPL, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.7 All mitigation related to management of wastes, noise and dust
emissions suggested in the EIA will be adhered with
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-24 HPK
No Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
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Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
8.8 UEPL contractors will employ local residents during the project
activities subject to company’s competency criteria. Residents living
closest to the project location will be given priority in the employment
process
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.9 Skilled and unskilled labour from local communities will be recruited
equitably from amongst the various tribes, avenues for conflict
resolution will be open and the employment procedures will be
transparent
SC, UEPL Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.10 Water sources currently being used for irrigation by the resident
communities will be exploited only after complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.11 Local sources of water will be used only after complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.12 Flow of water in canals or water crossings will not be impeded UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.13 Any damage to canals, watercourses, local roads or other infrastructure
will be repaired or compensated as per mutually agreed terms
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.14 Strict compliance will be observed to UEPL’s HSE guidelines UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.15 Drivers will be trained in responsible and safe driving practices, safe
speed limits for vehicles will be followed
UEPL, IMC, SC Provide training and monitor
compliance
During the entire
operation
8.16 In order to keep nearby local communities informed of the progress of
the operation, communication channels will be maintained between
local community and UEPL
UEPL, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
8.17 Project staff will respect cultural norms UEPL, IMC, SC Train project staff on social norms
and sensitivities
During the entire
operation
8.18 Appropriate offsets will be provided from sites of religious, cultural or
archaeological significance
UEPL, IMC, SC Check compliance During the entire
operation
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-25 HPK
No Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring Method Timing
9 Site Restoration
9.1 Demobilization of all equipment and machinery UEPL, SC, IMC Check compliance During site restoration
9.2 Disposal of any waste material remaining at the time of completion of
the operation
UEPL, SC, IMC Ensure compliance During site restoration
9.3 Backfilling of all soak pits and septic tanks UEPL, SC, IMC Check compliance During site restoration
9.4 Dismantling and removal of fence or barriers surrounding the seismic
base camp area/fly camp/support camp
UEPL, SC, IMC Check compliance During site restoration
9.5 General restoration of the site area including landscaping and
restoration of drainage where required
UEPL, SC, IMC Ensure compliance During site restoration
9.6 Restoration of seismic lines will include removal of all cables,
geophones, station units, flags, stakes and wastes from the lines and
back filling of all mud pits. For reference purposes a photographic
record of selected sections of seismic lines will be taken before and
after the operation
UEPL, SC, IMC Ensure compliance During site restoration
Notes: SC: Seismic Contractor; IMC: Independent Monitoring Consultant; UEPL: United Energy Pakistan Limited’s Management or Representative
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-26 HPK
Table A‐2: Mitigation Management Matrix for Drilling and Associated Construction Activities
No. Impacts & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
1 Changes in Landscape & Soil Erosion
1.1 Access tracks in the undulating areas will follow natural
contours to minimize disturbance to natural topography and
soils. Cutting along the sides of the slopes will be minimized
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor clearing operation During land clearing
activities
1.2 Clearing of vegetation will be kept to a minimum, especially
dense patches of vegetation, areas where the presence of wildlife
is confirmed and near the surface water bodies
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor land clearing activities Prior and during the land
clearing operation
1.3 The cutting of trees or tall shrubs will be avoided as much as
possible
UEPL, IMC, CC Supervise land clearing
activities
During land clearing for
access track, well site and
campsite
1.4 Total land uptake by the well site, camps and access road to the
well site will be kept to the minimum required
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor land clearing activities
and randomly check compliance
with actual design
During construction
1.5 The access track to the well site will be selected to utilize existing
tracks as much as possible
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor land clearing activities Prior to the construction
activitiy
1.6 The well site, rig camp and construction camp will preferably be
located in existing clearing and levelled land
UEPL, IMC Check location of facilities At the time of site selection
for well site, rig camp and
construction camp
1.7 The access track will be properly compacted at the time of
construction and thereafter properly maintained by watering
and compaction throughout the entire construction and drilling
operation
UEPL, IMC, CC Check compaction and
maintenance
During the entire operation
1.8 During construction movement of construction equipment will
be restricted to work areas only to avoid unnecessary
disturbance to soils in the project area
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor movement of vehicles
and off‐road travel
During construction of project
facilities
1.9 Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid
excessive dust emissions
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Set and monitor speed limits During the entire operation
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No. Impacts & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
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Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
1.10 Off‐road travel should be avoided and observance of this should
be monitored during the operation
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Approve access track and
monitor off‐road travel
During the entire project
1.11 Periodic trainings should be provided to drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road travel and speed limits
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check training log and provide
trainings
During the entire project
1.12 Photographs will be taken before any activity to record the
conditions of campsite, roads and well site at paticular locations
that are likely to undergo soil erosion. Similar photographs will
be taken at time intervals throughout the operation to monitor
any changes and soil conditions
UEPL, IMC Supervise and ensure
compliance
During the entire project
2 Soil and Water Contamination
2.1 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) shall be preferred for handling of
black/grey water under BATNEEC/BAT, but in case of
unavailability of STP, septic tank and soak pits shall be provided
UEPL, IMC, CC Check provision of STP During the design and
construction of campsite
2.2 Wastewater from laundry, kitchen washings and showers will be
disposed of into separate soak pits
UEPL, IMC, CC Check provision of soak pits at
campsites
During the construction of
campsite
2.3 Soak pits will be built in absorbent soil and located 300 m away
from a surface water source or a water well
UEPL, IMC, CC Check soil condition and
distance between the soak pits
and the nearest water body
During the construction of
campsite
2.4 Soak pits will be constructed such that surface runoff cann’t
enter the pits
UEPL, IMC, CC Check design of the soak pit and
monitor construction
During the construction of
campsite
2.5 All soak pits will be designed to accommodate wastewater
generated during the total duration of the operation
UEPL, IMC, CC Check design of soak pit Before construction
2.6 In case the soak pits get filled during the operation, grey water
will be discharged in the nearest municipal drains after getting
formal approval from local authorities. Sprinkling of grey water
will be not be allowed
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check provision of soak pits and
monitor the transfer activity
During the entire operation
2.7 No solid waste will be disposed of in the field. Within the camp
areas all solid wastes will be disposed of in waste bins provided
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check provision of waste bins During the entire operation
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No. Impacts & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
2.8 All combustible, non‐combustible and hazardous waste
including plastic or glass bottles and cans will be temporarily
stored on site and sold/handed over to a waste/recycling
contractor who will utilize these wastes for recycling purposes
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
2.9 Construction of burn pit and burning of waste will not be
allowed
UEPL, IMC, CC Check compliance During the entire operation
2.10 At the time of restoration septic tanks will be dismantled in place
and backfilled with at least 1 m of soil cover above the buried
dismantled septic tank
UEPL, IMC, CC Supervise restoration and
randomly check thickness of soil
cover
During the restoration phase
2.11 At the time of restoration soak pits will be backfilled with at least
1 m of soil cover keeping in view landscape of surrounding
natural surface
UEPL, IMC, CC Supervise restoration and
randomly check thickness of soil
cover
During the restoration phase
2.12 It will be ensured that after restoration activities the campsites
are clean and that no refuse has been left behind
UEPL, IMC, CC Visually check the restored site
and identify non‐complinace, if
any
After restoration
2.13 All concrete structures at the campsites will be removed and
buried in garbage or soak pits and the pits backfilled with at
least 1 m of soil cover
UEPL, IMC, CC Supervise removal and burial of
concereted strutures and
randomly check thickness of soil
cover
During restoration
2.14 Vehicles will only be washed in designated areas within
campsites
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Ensure provision of washing
areas and monitor any non‐
compliances
During the entire operation
2.15 Vehicles will be daily checked for fuel or oil leaks. Vehicles with
leaks will not be operated until repaired
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check maintenance logs and
ensure daily inspection of
vehicles for leaks
During the entire operation
2.16 All fuel tanks will be properly marked to highlight their contents UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Ensure that proper signs are
placed with the tanks
During the entire operation
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No. Impacts & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
2.17 Fuel and oil storage areas will have secondary containment in
the form of concrete or brick masonry bunds. The volume of the
containment area should be equal to 125% of the total volume of
fuel stored
UEPL, IMC, CC Check containment volume of
the fuel or oil bunded area
At the time of construction
2.18 Fuels tanks will be daily checked for leaks and all such leaks will
be plugged immediately
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Inspect fuel tanks for leaks During the entire operation
2.19 The soil contaminated from minor and moderate spills will be
removed and disposed of properly
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
2.20 The soil contaminated from major spills may require specialized
treatment such as incineration or bioremediation
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor and supervise special
treatment, if any
During the entire operation
2.21 A spill prevention and contingency plan will be prepared to deal
with moderate and major spills
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Study and examine the plan and
identify any flaws, if any before
its approval
Before the commencement of
project
2.22 Shovels, plastic bags and absorbent material should be present
near fuel and oil storage or handling areas to attend spills and
leaks
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check provision of material &
equipment
During entire operation
2.23 Used oil and vehicle related waste will be transported to local
contractors for recycling
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Approve waste contractor and
randomly check proper
recycling
During the entire operation
2.24 Medical wastes will be temporarily stored onsite separately and
incinerated at nearest facility
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During entire operation
2.25 A water based mud system will be used for drilling UEPL, IMC, DC Check compliance During entire operation
2.26 Waste pits at the well site will be lined with an HDPE liner UEPL, IMC Check provision of HDPE liner Before comissioning of waste
pits
2.27 The drill cuttings and drilling mud will be disposed into pits
lined with impermeable geo‐membrane. The pits will be larger
than the required capacity to accommodate overflows. At the
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check design of waste pit and
ensure provision of geo‐
membrane. Monitor restoration
Before comissioning, during
operation and after
restoration of waste pits
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
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No. Impacts & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
time of restoration the pits will be backfilled with the cuttings
encapsulated within the liner and with a top soil cover
with provision of proper soil
cover
2.28 Produced formation fluids will be flared along with the gas or
collected inside the lined waste pit at the well site. In case the
fluids discharge into the flare pit the soil at the sides of the flare
pit will be excavated and disposed of into the lined waste pit at
the well site
UEPL, IMC, DC,
CC
Check compliance Prior to and during disposal
of waste fluids
2.29 Produced formation fluids will be re‐injected into deep
subsurface formations (wherever possible)
UEPL, DC, IMC Check compliance Prior to and during disposal
of waste fluids
2.30 Sprinkling of untreated excess wastewater used for drilling
purposes will not be allowed. Sprinkling of treated wastewater
will only be done if meeting NEQS/SEQS
UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
3 Use of Water
3.1 The surface water resources will no be used during construction
and drilling activities
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check sources of water
abstraction and ensure
compliance
During the entire operation
3.2 The quantity of water used during construction and drilling will
be kept to the minimum required by taking prudent water
conservation measures on site
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check consumption of water During the entire operation
3.3 A complete record of water consumption during construction
and drilling will be maintained
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check Compliance During the entire operation
3.4 Water required for drilling and construction of camps operation
may be obtained from local wells (close to surface water bodies)
or new water wells installed by UEPL in the project area
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
3.5 Water from a local well will only be used after ensuring that the
available capacity at the tube well (safe yield minus local
demand) is at least 50% greater than the project demand.
Discharge from the tube well will be regularly monitored to
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check local demand and water
abstraction
During the entire operation
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OCTOBER 2019 A-31 HPK
No. Impacts & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
monitor any changes in the yield of the wells. If a single well
fails to meet this requirement, water will be obtained from
multiple wells such that each well meets the above‐mentioned
requirement
3.6 For all water obtained from local wells, the owner will be paid
for the water abstracted at the appropriate rates
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
3.7 If a new water well is to be installed, the well will be located 300
m from existing local wells and will be designed to abstract
water preferably from deep aquifer not being used by local
communities
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor distance from the
existing wells
Before start of the operation
3.8 Preferably, the potable water requirement will be met by
installing water treatment system (such as reverse osmosis)
UEPL, CC, DC,
IMC
IMC to guide on preservation of
water
During the entire operation
4 Deterioration of Ambient Air Quality
4.1 Generators, vehicles and equipment used during construction
and drilling operations will be maintained in a good working
condition to ensure that emissions are kept to a minimum level
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check maintenance logs During the entire operation
4.2 Well site and campsites will be located at least 300 m away from
nearest community
UEPL, IMC, CC Check distances of well site and
campsite from communities
Prior to construction of well
site and campsites
4.3 During drilling and construction dust emissions due to road
travel will be minimized by regulating and monitoring vehicles
speed and watering of the access track wherever required
UEPL, IMC, CC Set and monitor speed limits.
Monitor sprinkling of access
track
During the entire operation
4.4 The access track selected to access the well location will maintain
a reasonable safe distance from communities
UEPL, IMC, CC Check alignment of the access
track
Prior to improvement and
construction of the access
track
4.5 Dust emissions during construction activities will be minimized
by good management practices such as locating stock piles out of
the wind direction, keeping the height of the stock piles to a
minimum, keeping earthwork areas damp etc.
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor dust emissions during
earthworks. Train CC on good
management practices
During the construction
operation
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4.6 Flare pit will be kept downwind of the well site and at least 300
m from the nearest community. The duration of flaring during
well testing will be kept to the minimum required
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check location and distance of
the flare pit from nearest
community and monitor flaring
Prior to construction of the
flare pit and during flaring
4.7 No burning of waste will be allowed on site UEPL, IMC, CC Ensure compliance During the entire operation
4.8 Appropriate measures will be taken to avoid ozone depletion &
global warming e.g. prohibit use of CFC gases etc.
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
4.9 During operation emissions from all point sources shall be
monitored to check compliance with SEQS
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Ensure compliance During the entire operation
5 Noise Pollution
5.1 It will be ensured that generators, vehicles and other potentially
noisy equipment used during construction and drilling are in
good working condition
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor noise levels Prior to and during use of
machinery and vehicles
5.2 Well site, construction camps and rig camp will be located 300 m
away from nearest community
UEPL, IMC, CC Check distances from the
community
Prior to construction of the
well site, rig camp and
campsites
5.3 The use of horns by project vehicles will be minimized. The use
of pressure horns will not be allowed
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Train drivers, check vehicles and
record non‐compliances
During the entire operation
5.4 Movement of all project vehicles and personnel will be restricted
to within work areas only
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Advise all drivers and
investigate non‐compliances
from staff
During the entire operation
5.5 Regular noise monitoring will be carried out from all noise
generating sources to ensure SEQS compliance
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check monitoring records During the entire operation
5.6 Blasting will be prohibited during proposed construction
activities of well sites in the project area to provide relief to the
sensitive environmental receptors. If deemed necessary it shall
be covered by change management plan provided in EMP of this
EIA
UEPL, IMC, CC Ensure compliance During construction activity
6 Blocking of Natural Drainage
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6.1 Area around the wells and campsites shall be landscaped to
avoid blocking natural drainage
UEPL, IMC, CC Check compliance During construction activities
6.2 Causeways and pipe culverts will be provided at all
watercourses (seasonal or permanent) crossings to avoid
blocking of natural drainage
UEPL, IMC, CC Ensure not to block the natural
drainage
During construction activities
6.3 Uncontrolled & unnecessary clearing, dozing, excavations or
quarrying, storage of construction material etc. will be avoided
UEPL, CC, IMC Ensure compliance During construction activities
7 Clearing of Vegetation & Loss of Habitat
7.1 The well site and rig camp areas will be kept to the minimum
required
UEPL, IMC, CC Check design and ensure
compliance
Before and during the
construction activity
7.2 The well site location will avoid areas of dense vegetation as
much as possible
UEPL, IMC, CC Check location of well site Before selection of drilling
location
7.3 The construction camp and rig camp will be located in existing
clearings and will avoid areas of dense vegetation
UEPL, IMC, CC Check compliance Before selection of drilling
location
7.4 Clearing of vegetation will be kept to a minimum; especially
dense patches of vegetation, areas where the presence of wildlife
is confirmed and near surface water bodies
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor clearing operation During land clearing
activities
7.5 The access road to each well site will be aligned to minimize
dense patches of vegetation and will use existing tracks as much
as possible
UEPL, IMC, CC Check alignment of access road
and use of existing facilities
Before construction operation
7.6 The cutting of trees or tall shrubs will be avoided as much as
possible. Under unavoidable circumstances any clearing
required will be done with prior approval of IMC and custodian
of the area. Each tree cutting for clearing of site will be
replaced/compensated by plantation of trees at site (10 trees for
each tree cut). The tree species shall be indigenous to the region
UEPL, IMC, CC Supervise land clearing
activities
During land clearing
activities
7.7 Use of local vegetation as fuel by crew personnel will be
prohibited
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
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7.8 Dust emissions on access tracks will be reduced by keeping
speed limits below 40 km/hr
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
7.9 Access tracks will be avoided from passing through patches of
dense vegetation
UEPL, IMC, CC Check the alignment of access
tracks
Before land clearing and
construction operation
7.10 Quarry sites if required will be carefully selected such that they
are located in levelled areas with existing clearing and the quarry
sites are restored after use
UEPL, IMC, CC Check quarry sites and their
restoration
During construction activities
8 Disturbance to Wildlife
8.1 Prior to commencement of drilling operation, awareness
trainings will be provided to contractor’s management and field
crew on matters related to the requirements of the EMP in this
regard
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Provide environmental
awareness training
Before commencement of
construction and drilling
operation
8.2 Hunting, fishing, trapping, feeding ,harassment or killing of
wildlife will be strictly prohibited
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
8.3 Vegetation clearing and land uptake will be minimized UEPL, IMC, CC Check compliance During the entire operation
8.4 Locate well site & campsite 300 m away from any surface water
bodies
UEPL, IMC, CC Randomly check distances and
identify any non‐compliances
Before the construction
activity
8.5 The drilling of wells within the areas where good population of
wildlife is confirmed shall be avoided as much as possible
UEPL, IMC Check compliance Before selection of drilling
location
8.6 For preparation of access tracks, routes involving minimum
clearing of vegetation will be selected, clearing of dense patches
of vegetation will be avoided
UEPL, IMC, CC Check alignment of access
tracks/routes and monitor
clearing operation
During land clearing activity
8.7 Food wastes will not be left in the open UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
8.8 Night traveling will be strictly prohibited and will only be
allowed in case of emergency
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
8.9 Equipment and vehicles will be maintained in good working
condition and provided with muffles to reduce noise
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check maintenance logs and
ensure the provision of muffles
During the entire operation
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8.10 The time period of operation near wetland/dhands/surface water
bodies and dense patches of vegetation will be minimized or
avoided, if possible; especially during rutting or breeding period
of the key wildlife species found in the project area by good
planning and efficient working to reduce the time period of
disturbance
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check time period of operation During the entire operation
8.11 Blasting will be prohibited during construction activities to
provide relief to the sensitive environmental receptors of the
area. If deemed necessary it shall be covered by change
management plan provided in EMP of this EIA
UEPL, IMC, CC Ensure compliance During construction activity
8.12 The duration and intensity of flaring will be kept to the
minimum required
UEPL, IMC, DC Monitor flaring activity During flaring activity
8.13 Construction and drilling activities will not be performed in
Indus River
UEPL, IMC Ensure compliance During the entire course of
project
9 Disturbance to Communities
9.1 Contractors staff shall be taken through a Community and
External Affairs Induction program before commencement of
each component of the project activities
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Ensure compliance Before commencement of
each component of project
9.2 All community grievances will be recorded and maintained in a
Community Complaints Register. In addition to this close liaison
will be maintained between the community and the site
representatives of UEPL throughout the construction and
drilling activities
UEPL, IMC, DC,
CC
Check the provision of
complaint register and
maintaining a close liaison of
site representatives with locals
During the entire operation
9.3 Compensation amounts for land leased for various project
components will be disbursed in equitable and transparent
manner on fast pace
UEPL, IMC, CC Check compensation records Before the commencement of
project activities
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9.4 Compensation amounts will be paid to land owners before land
is acquired, if not possible, then amounts should be paid as soon
as possible
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor time taken for the
payment of compensations and
identify any sluggishness, if any
Before the commencement of
project activities
9.5 Loss of standing crops, traditional land rights and community
ownership will be given due consideration while determining
compensation amounts
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor adherence with the
requirement during the
assessment of land value to
provide compensations
Before the commencement of
project activities
9.6 Compensation amounts will be settled based on prevailing
market rates and will be settled at mutually agreed terms and
conditions
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor adherence with the
requirement during the
assessment of land value to
provide compensations
Before the commencement of
project activities
9.7 All mitigation related to management of wastes, noise and dust
emissions suggested in the EIA will be adhered with
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
9.8 UEPL contractors will employ local residents during project
activities subject to company’s competency criteria
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.9 Skilled and unskilled labour from local communities will be
recruited equitably from amongst the various tribes, avenues for
conflict resolution will be open, and the employment procedures
will be transparent
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.10 Local residents living closest to the project location will be given
priority in the employment process
DC, UEPL, IMC,
CC
Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.11 Water sources currently being used for domestic/irrigation by
the resident communities will be exploited only after complying
with relevant requirements of the EIA
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.12 Local sources of drinking water will be used only after
complying with relevant requirements of the EIA
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.13 Flow of water in canals or water crossings will not be impeded UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check compliance During the entire operation
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9.14 Any damage to canals, water courses, roads or other
infrastructure during project activities will be repaired or
compensated as per mutual understandings
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check for damages along canals,
water courses, roads or other
infrastructure and ensure its
repair is conducted
During the entire operation
9.15 Strict compliance will be observed to UEPL’s HSE guidelines UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.16 Drivers will be trained in responsible and safe driving practices.
Safe speed limits for vehicles will be followed
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Provide training and monitor
compliance
During the entire operation
9.17 In order to keep nearby local communities informed of the
progress of the operation, communication channels will be
maintained between local community and UEPL
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor adherence with the
requirement by holding
frequent meetings to update
locals regarding project
activities
During the entire operation
9.18 A complaints register regarding environment will be maintained
on site for registering of local complaints
UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Check the provision of
complaint register and its access
for general public
During the entire operation
9.19 Project staff will respect cultural norms UEPL, IMC, CC,
DC
Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.20 Appropriate offsets will be provided from sites of religious,
cultural or archaeological significance
UEPL, IMC, CC Monitor adherence with the
requirement
Before construction activity
10 Site Restoration
Complete Restoration – Dry Well
10.1 All equipment and machinery at the well site will be
demobilized
DC, IMC, UEPL Check compliance During site restoration
10.2 All wastes at the well site will be disposed of according to the
requirements of the EIA
DC, IMC, UEPL Check compliance During site restoration
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10.3 Liner from the water and waste pits at the well site may be taken
out and re‐used or disposed of in the existing pits with proper
restoration
CC, IMC, UEPL Check compliance During site restoration
10.4 All concrete structures at the well site will be broken and either
transported out of the project area by the demolition or site
restoration contractors for sale or reuse or disposed of into the
pits
CC, IMC, UEPL Check compliance During site restoration
10.5 All pits at the well site will be backfilled CC, IMC, UEPL Check compliance During site restoration
10.6 The areas covered by the portion of the access track that will be
of no use for other wells will be restored, in that all gravel
topping will be removed. This scenario will be applicable only if
the locals require the potions of the track to be restored or
otherwise it will be left intact on the consent of the locals
CC, IMC, UEPL Check compliance During site restoration
Partial Restoration – Producing Well
10.7 The well site and access roads will be retained to support well
access work for further testing or during the production phase
UEPL Check compliance During site restoration
10.8 The outer chainlink fence will be retained as a safety measure to
keep wildlife away from the pit areas
UEPL, IMC Check chain link fence is
retained
During site restoration
10.9 The wellhead will be enclosed by a locked steel cage. This will
serve as both a safety and security measure as the site will be
down‐manned pending further production operations work
UEPL, IMC Inspect wellhead is enclosed by
locked steel cage
During site restoration
10.10 The constructed pit areas will be retained but all liquid and solid
waste material will be removed from the site and disposed of in
line with the requirements of this EIA
IMC, UEPL Ensure that all liquid and solid
waste is removed
During site restoration
Note: IMC: Independent Monitoring Consultant; DC: Drilling Contractor; CC: Construction Contractor; UEPL: United Energy Pakistan Limited’s Management or Representative
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-39 HPK
Table A‐3: Mitigation Management Matrix for Laying of Flow Line/Tie‐ins/Wellhead Works
No. Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
1 Changes in Landscape and Soil Erosion
1.1 Land area requirements for construction camp and RoW
of flow line will be kept to the minimum required
PC, UEPL Check compliance After marking of the campsite
layout, RoW of flow line on
ground by the PC and prior to
clearing of land at these areas
1.2 Good engineering practices will be adopted during
construction activities to ensure that unnecessary clearing
of vegetation and disturbance to soils outside work areas
are avoided
PC, UEPL Monitor land clearing activities During construction activity
1.4 Topsoil of the RoW will be separately stored. This topsoil
will be backfilled after proper compaction ensuring
minimum loss of topsoil
PC, UEPL Check complaince During construction activity
1.5 Clearing of vegetation (especially dense vegetation) will
be minimized by careful selection of construction camp
and flow line alignment
PC, UEPL Monitor land clearing activities During construction activity
1.6 Cutting of trees or even tall shrubs will be avoided PC, UEPL Monitor land clearing activities During construction activity
1.7 Use of existing tracks with the required improvement
works will be maximized. Unless driven by community
demand construction of new tracks will be kept to the
minimum
PC, UEPL Check complaince During construction activity
1.8 Off‐road travel will be avoided PC, UEPL Monitor off‐road travel During construction activity
1.9 Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid
excessive dust emissions
PC, UEPL Monitor vehicles speed During construction activity
1.10 Periodic trainings will be provided to drivers on
mitigation measures related to off‐road travel and speed
limits
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
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2 Soil and Water Contamination
2.1 Approval to start of construction of flow line should only
be provided by UEPL representative after ensuring that
all waste management facilities (waste segregation units,
soak pits, septic tanks etc.), equipment (waste bins, drip
pans, tarpaulins etc.) and procedures (approvals for
waste contractors etc.), prescribed in the EIA are in a state
acceptable to the UEPL representative
PC, UEPL Approval for waste contractors,
check provision of waste
management facilities at
construction camp
Before construction activity
2.2 Sewage will be disposed of into septic system comprising
of septic tanks and soak pits. The septic tanks should be
built of concrete and brick masonry to avoid leaching of
wastewater from the tanks
PC, UEPL Check provision of septic tank
and soak pit
During construction activity
2.3 Wastewater from laundry, kitchen washings and showers
will be disposed of into separate soak pits
PC, UEPL Check provision of soak pits During construction activity
2.4 Soak pits will be built in absorbent soil and located 300 m
away from a perennial surface water source or water well
PC, UEPL Check soil condition and
distance between the soak pits
and the nearest water body
During construction activity
2.5 Soak pits should be covered and constructed such that
surface runoff cannot enter the pits. Soak pits will be
designed to accommodate wastewater generated during
the total duration of the operation
PC, UEPL Check design of the soak pit and
monitor construction. Monitor
provision of covers and berms
During construction activity
2.6 In case the soak pits get filled during the operation, grey
water will be discharged in the nearest municipal drains
after getting formal approval from local authorities.
Sprinkling of grey water will be not be allowed
PC, UEPL Monitor wastewater levels in the
soak pits
During construction activity
2.7 Sprinkling of sewage will not be allowed PC, UEPL Check compliance during
routine visits
During construction activity
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2.8 No solid waste will be disposed of in the field. Within the
construction camp all solid wastes will be disposed of in
waste bins provided in the camp area
PC, UEPL Monitor provision of sufficient
waste bins
During construction activity
2.9 All combustible material, non‐combustible and
hazardous wastes including plastic or glass bottles and
cans will be temporarily stored on site and sold/handed
over to a waste/recycling contractor who will utilize these
wastes for recycling purposes
PC, UEPL UEPL to approve waste
contractors. Monitor waste
segregation and safe
transportation to the recycling
contractorʹs facility
During construction activity
2.10 Burning of waste will not be allowed PC, UEPL Monitor compliance During construction activity
2.11 At the time of restoration septic tanks will be dismantled
in place and backfilled with at least 1 m of soil cover
PC, UEPL Monitor restoration activity At the time of restoration
2.12 At the time of restoration soak pits will be backfilled with
at least 1 m of soil cover
PC, UEPL Monitor restoration activity At the time of restoration
2.13 Clinical wastes will be temporarily stored onsite
separately and incinerated at nearest hospital or a similar
facility
PC, UEPL UEPL to approve disposal
arrangement. Monitor waste
segregation and safe storage
onsite
During construction activity
2.14 Soil contaminated by minor spills/leakages (defined as
leaks from vehicles, machinery, equipment or storage
containers such that the area and depth of soil
contaminated is less than 1 sq ft and 3 inches
respectively) should be scraped and disposed of
according to best industrial guidelines
PC, UEPL Monitor any oil leaks and
appropriate disposal
During construction activity
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2.15 Moderate spills defined as spills of volume less than or
equal to 200 liters should be contained and controlled
using shovels, sands and native soil. These equipment
and materials should be made available at construction
campsite. The contaminated soil should be excavated and
stored in a bunded area lined with an impermeable base.
Depending on the volume, the contaminated soil should
be disposed of in accordance to best industrial guidelines
PC, UEPL Ensure provision of equipment
and material to control and
handle such spills on site.
Monitor disposal as per the
requirements of the EIA
During construction activity
2.16 Major spills (defined in the EIA as spills of volume much
greater than 200 liters) will require initiation of UEPLʹs
Emergency Response Procedures. These spills should be
handled and controlled according to the measures listed
in UEPL’s Oil Spill Contingency Plan and will require
special treatment such as bioremediation etc.
PC, UEPL Ensure that UEPL Emergency
Response Procedures and Oil
Spill Contingency Plan are
available onsite. Ensure
appropriate response is initiated
at the time of such incident.
UEPL to check that the plan is
understood by all key personnel
At the time of construction
2.17 All fuel and oil storage areas should have a concrete pad
underneath to prevent soil contamination in case of leaks
or spills
PC, UEPL Ensure provision of concrete padDuring construction activity
2.18 All fuel tanks should be properly marked to highlight
their contents
PC, UEPL Ensure that proper signs are
placed with the tanks
During construction activity
2.19 Fuel and oil storage areas should have secondary
containment in the form of concrete or brick masonry
bunds. The volume of the containment area should be
equal to at least 125% of the total volume of fuel or oil
stored
PC, UEPL Check containment volume of
the bunded area
At the time of construction
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2.20 During fuel and oil transfer operations such as re‐fuelling
drips and spills should be avoided by using drip
pans/trays
PC, UEPL Ensure provision of drips pans,
provide training on safe re‐
fuelling practices, monitor oil or
fuel transfer activity
During construction activity
2.21 Fuels tanks should be daily checked for leaks and all such
leaks should be plugged immediately
PC, UEPL Inspect fuel tanks for leaks During construction activity
2.22 Waste oil should be provided to waste contractors
approved by the UEPL where it will be re‐used/recycled
PC, UEPL UEPL to approve waste
contractor and monitor safe
transportation of the waste oil
During construction and
operation phase
2.23 Shovels, plastic bags and absorbent material should be
present near fuel and oil storage or handling areas to
attend spills and leaks
PC, UEPL Monitor presence of materials
and equipment
During construction activity
2.24 Vehicles should only be washed within designated areas
within campsite. Mechanical maintenance works should
be done only in workshops
PC, UEPL Ensure provision of washing
areas and maintenance
workshops and monitor any
non‐compliances with the EIA
requirement during routine
monitoring
During construction activity
2.25 Vehicles should be daily checked for fuel or oil leaks.
Vehicles with leaks should not be operated until repaired
PC, UEPL Randomly inspect vehicles and
designated parking areas
During construction activity
2.26 Water used for cleaning and hydro‐testing of flow line
will be collected in lined pits where it will evaporate with
time or drained into the nearest drainage channel with
the prior approval of concerned authority. The residual
sludge or solids and the liner will be disposed of
following best industrial practices
UEPL, PC Check compliance During hydro‐testing of flow
lines and site restoration
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2.27 Evaporation pits will be built at a distance of 300 m from
local water wells or any perennial surface water source
PC, UEPL Check location of pits according
to safe distance
Before construction activity
3 Deterioration of Air Quality
3.1 Generators, vehicles and other equipment and machinery
used during the operation should be properly tuned and
maintained to minimize air emissions
PC, UEPL Check maintenance logs During construction activity
3.2 Construction campsite will be located at least 300 m away
from communities
PC, UEPL Check distances of campsite
from communities
Prior to construction of
campsite
3.3 Dust emissions due to road travel should be minimized
by regulating vehicles speed and watering of the access
track (where applicable)
PC, UEPL Set and monitor speed limits.
Monitor sprinkling of access
track
During construction activity
3.4 Dust emissions during construction activities should be
minimized by good management practices such as
locating stock piles out of the wind direction, keeping the
height of the stock piles to a minimum, keeping
earthwork areas damp etc.
PC, UEPL Monitor dust emissions during
earthworks. Train PC on good
management practices
During construction activity
3.5 Burning of wastes will not be allowed PC, UEPL Monitor compliance During construction activity
3.6 Access tracks used during laying of flow line passing
through communities will be avoided
PC, UEPL Check alignment of the access
track and monitor vehicles speed
Before and during construction
activity
3.7 Appropriate measures will be taken to avoid ozone
depletion & global warming e.g. prohibit use of CFC
gases etc.
PC Ensure compliance During construction activity
4 Noise Pollution
4.1 During all operations generators, vehicles and other
equipment and machinery will be maintained in a good
condition to ensure that noise from them is kept to a
minimum level
PC, UEPL Monitor noise levels During construction activity
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4.2 Noise levels at communities nearest to the construction
campsite should be monitored by UEPL and PC. In case
these are found to exceed safe acceptable limits
appropriate mitigation should be taken
PC, UEPL Monitor noise levels as part of
the Effects Monitoring
During construction activity
4.3 Construction campsite will be located at least 300 m away
from nearest communities
PC, UEPL Check distances from the
community
Prior to construction of the
campsite
4.4 Generators will be kept within enclosures to minimize
dispersion of noise
PC, UEPL Check provision of enclosure During construction activity
4.5 The use of horns by project vehicles should be
minimized. The use of pressure horns should not be
allowed
PC, UEPL Train drivers, check vehicles and
record non‐compliances
During construction activity
4.6 Movement of all project vehicles and personnel should be
restricted to within work areas only
PC Advise all drivers and
investigate non‐compliances
from staff
During construction activity
4.7 Conduct regular noise monitoring as per applicable laws
and regulations
PC, UEPL Monitor compliance During construction activity
5 Use of Water
5.1 Water from surface water resources will not be used for
project activities
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
5.2 The quantity of water used during construction phase
will be kept to the minimum required by taking prudent
water conservation measures on site. A complete record
of water consumption will be maintained by the UEPL’s
Representative
PC, UEPL Monitor water consumption,
advise water conservation
measures
During construction activity
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5.3 In case local water well has to be used, it will be
approved by the UEPL Rep. Water from these tube wells
will only be used after ensuring that the available
capacity at the tube well (safe yield minus local demand)
is at least 50% greater than the project demand. Discharge
from the tube well will be regularly monitored to monitor
any changes in the yield of the wells. If a single well fails
to meet this requirement, water will be obtained from
multiple wells such that each well meets the above‐
mentioned requirement
PC, UEPL Approve water well, record
abstraction of water
During construction activity
5.4 If a new water well is to be installed, the well will be
located 300 m from existing local wells and will be
designed to abstract water preferably from deep aquifer
not being used by local communities
PC, UEPL Monitor distance from the
existing wells
Before drilling of new water
well
5.5 UEPL and project contractors will pay proper and
justified compensation for water utilized to the water
well owners
PC, UEPL Ensure compliance During construction activity
5.6 Contamination of surface and groundwater resources will
be prohibited
PC, UEPL Ensure compliance During construction and
operation
6 Blockage of Natural Drainage
6.1 Area around construction campsite should be landscaped
to avoid blocking natural drainage
PC Monitor landscaping and any
obstruction caused to natural
drainage
During construction activity
6.2 Causeway crossings will be provided during the laying of
flow line at all surface water bodies to avoid blocking of
natural drainage
PC, UEPL Ensure construction of causeway
crossings where required
During construction activity
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6.3 Uncontrolled & unnecessary clearing, dozing, excavations
or quarrying, storage of construction material etc. will be
avoided
PC Ensure compliance During construction activity
7 Site Restoration
7.1 Demobilization of all equipment and machinery PC, UEPL Ensure compliance During restoration phase
7.2 Disposal of any waste material remaining at the time of
completion of construction activities
PC, UEPL Ensure compliance During restoration phase
7.3 Backfilling of all soak pits and septic tanks
PC, UEPL Ensure compliance During restoration phase
7.4 Dismantling and removal of fence or barriers
surrounding the campsite area
PC, UEPL Ensure compliance During restoration phase
7.5 General restoration of the site area including landscaping
and restoration of drainage where required
PC, UEPL Ensure compliance During restoration phase
8 Clearing of Vegetation & Loss of Habitat
8.1 Land area requirements for construction camp and RoW
of flow line will be kept to the minimum required
UEPL Check area of camp and width of
RoW
Before construction activity
8.2 Construction campsite established for the purpose of
construction will be located in existing clearing and
levelled land
PC, UEPL Check location of campsite Before construction activity
8.3 Off‐road travel will be avoided PC, UEPL Monitor movement of vehicles During construction activity
8.4 During construction movement of construction
equipment will be restricted to work areas only to avoid
unnecessary disturbance to the native vegetation in the
project area
PC Check compliance During construction activity
8.5 The access track (if any) will be properly compacted at
the time of construction and thereafter properly
maintained throughout the entire operational life
PC, UEPL Monitor compaction of access
track
During construction activity
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8.6 Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid
excessive dust emissions
PC, UEPL Regulate and monitor vehicles
speed
During construction activity
8.7 Periodic trainings will be provided to drivers on
mitigation measures related to off‐road travel and speed
limits
PC, UEPL Provide training to drivers During construction activity
8.8 Good engineering practices will be adopted during
construction activities to ensure that unnecessary clearing
of vegetation outside work areas is avoided
PC Train construction supervisors,
monitor construction activities
During construction activity
8.9 Topsoil of the RoW of flow line will be separately stored.
This topsoil will be backfilled after proper compaction
ensuring regeneration of vegetation
PC Check compliance During excavation and
backfilling operation
8.10 Cuttings of trees or tall shrubs will be avoided PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
8.11 Use of local vegetation/wood as fuel will not be allowed PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
9 Disturbance to Wildlife
9.1 Prior to commencement of construction activity,
awareness trainings will be provided to contractor’s
management and field crew on matters related to the
requirements of the EMP in this regard
UEPL, PC Provide environmental
awareness training
Before commencement of
construction activity
9.2 Land uptake by project facilities will be minimized UEPL, PC Check compliance After marking of the site layout
on ground by the PC and prior
to clearing of land at these
areas
9.3 The total duration of construction phase will be
minimized by good management
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction phase
9.4 All mitigation measures to minimize noise levels, dust
emissions, air emissions and waste management required
by the EIA will be adhered to
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
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9.5 Food wastes will not be disposed of in the open. Food
wastes collected in waste segregation units will be
disposed of according to waste disposal procedure on a
regular and strict basis as advised by the UEPL Rep
PC, UEPL Monitor collection and disposal
of food waste
During construction activity
9.6 Construction work near areas which show small mammal
and reptile populations will commence after a soft start
up and will be randomly monitored
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
9.7 Vehicles speed on access road will be controlled to avoid
incidental mortalities of reptiles. Any such incident will
be reported to the UEPL representative. Vehicles speed
will be randomly checked
PC, UEPL Monitor speed limits During construction activity
9.8 Cutting of trees or tall shrubs will be avoided PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
9.9 Movement of all project personnel and vehicles will be
restricted to work areas and to approved routes only
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
9.10 Night work during construction will be prohibited, night
traveling will not be allowed unless absolutely necessary
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
9.11 Lights used at construction campsite will be kept to the
minimum required
PC, UEPL Check compliance During installation of lights
9.12 Hunting, fishing, killing, feeding, trapping or harassment
of wildlife will not be allowed
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
9.13 Within the sensitive habitats of wildlife, operation will be
completed within the shortest time possible PC, UEPL Ensure compliance During construction activity
10 Socioeconomic, Archaeological and Cultural Environment
10.1 Local sources of drinking water will not be exploited PC, UEPL Monitor adherence with the
requirements
During construction activity
10.2 The access road will be watered regularly to minimize
dust emissions
PC, UEPL Monitor water sprinkling During construction activity
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10.3 RoW for flow line should by‐pass major settlements to
maintain safe distances
UEPL, PC Check alignment of flow line Before construction activity
10.4 Drivers will be trained in responsible and safe driving
practices, safe speed limits for vehicles will be followed
PC, UEPL Provide training and monitor
compliance
During construction activity
10.5 Strict compliance will be observed with UEPL’s HSE
guidelines
UEPL, PC Ensure compliance During construction activity
10.6 Labour from local communities will be recruited
equitably amongst the various tribes, avenues for conflict
resolution will be open and the employment procedures
will be transparent
PC, UEPL Monitor adherence with the
requirement and maintain
record of labour
During construction activity
10.7 Use of local firewood for cooking or heating by project
and contractor staff to be prohibited
PC, UEPL Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During construction activity
10.8 The vehicles speed for traveling along the access road
will be limited
PC, UEPL Monitor speed limits During construction activity
10.9 The construction campsite will be located at minimum
distance of 300 m from communities thereby, mitigating
the effect of noise and emissions
UEPL, PC Check distances Before construction activity
10.10 Any land acquired and distribution of compensation will
be carried out transparently
UEPL Check compliance Before construction phase
10.11 All mitigation measures related to waste management,
minimizing air emissions and noise recommended in the
EIA should be adhered with
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
10.12 Project staff will respect cultural norms PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
10.13 All community grievances will be addressed and rectified
as appropriate
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction activity
10.14 All project facilities will be restored according to the
standard protocols and recommendations of the EIA
UEPL, PC Check compliance During restoration
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10.15 During project communication links with local
communities will be maintained
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction and
operation
10.16 During construction, all cultural, religious and
archaeological sites will be identified (if found) and
mitigation measures specified in the EIA will be followed
PC, UEPL Check compliance During construction and
operation
10.17 RoW of flow lines will maintain a distance of 100 m from
cultural, religious and archaeological sites, unless
community demands a greater distance e.g. graveyards
or mosques
UEPL, PC Check compliance During construction and
operation
Notes: UEPL: United Energy Pakistan Limited’s Management or Representative; PC: Project Contractor/s
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Table A‐4: Mitigation Management Matrix for Establishment/Construction of GPF/CPP
No. Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
1 Changes in Landscape and Soil Erosion
1.1 Total land uptake by the construction contrator campsite/s
will be kept to the minimum required
UEPL, IMC, CC Check compliance After marking of the site layout
on ground by the CC and prior
to clearing of land at these areas
1.2 Contractor campsite/s will preferably be located in existing
clearing and levelled land and will avoid major earthworks
UEPL, IMC, CC Location of campsite in levelled
areas
Prior to site layout on ground
1.3 Existing access track/s to the GPF/CPP will be used as much
as possible
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor off road travel and
record non‐compliances
During the entire operation
1.4 To minimize erosion due to quarrying, the quarry sites will be
carefully selected such that they are located in levelled areas
with existing clearing and the quarry sites will be properly
restored after use
CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance Prior to execution
1.5 Access track to the GPF/CPP will be properly compacted at
the time of construction and associated activities and
thereafter properly maintained throughout the entire
operational life
CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance Compaction during execution to
minimize dust emissions and
loose sections of the track for the
use of entire operation
1.6 Off‐road travel should be strictly prohibited and observance
of this should be monitored during the operation
CC, UEPL, IMC Advise all personnel, monitor
any staff complaints and signs
of off‐road travel
During the entire operation
1.7 Vehicles speed should be regulated and monitored to avoid
excessive dust emission
CC, UEPL, IMC Set speed limits, train drivers
and monitor non‐compliances
During the entire operation
1.8 Clearing of vegetation and the cutting of trees will be
minimized as much as possible
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor land clearing activities During design and construction
1.9 Movement of construction equipment should be restricted to
work areas only to avoid unnecessary disturbance to soils in
the project area
CC, IMC Monitor movement of vehicles
and off‐road travel
During Construction activity
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1.10 UEPL will monitor the access tracks (other than the main
access track for the project) to be used by water tankers,
dumper trucks and other vehicles
UEPL, CC, IMC Sprinkling of water on access
track to water wells
During the entire operation
1.11 Periodic trainings should be provided to drivers on
mitigation measures related to off‐road travel and speed
limits
UEPL, CC, IMC Check training log, provide
trainings
During the entire project
2 Soil and Water Contamination
2.1 Food waste and combustible packaging wastes that have no
re‐use should be stored temporarily onsite within designated
waste segregation areas for ultimate safe disposal
CC, UEPL, IMC Provision of sufficient waste
bins, segregation of waste
During the entire operation
2.2 Dedicated waste segregation units/containers should be built
or placed at GPF and campsites
CC, UEPL, IMC Construction and monitoring of
waste segregation units
During entire project
2.3 Recyclable wastes including glass, tins, and metal scrap
should be provided to recycling contractors as appropriate
CC, UEPL, IMC IMC to approve waste
contractors. Monitor waste
segregation and safe
transportation to the recycling
contractorʹs facility
During the entire operation
2.4 Waste oil should be provided to contractors for recycling as
appropriate. Recycled oil will not be brought back to site
CC, UEPL, IMC IMC to approve waste
contractor and monitor safe
transportation of the waste oil
During the entire operation
2.5 Medical wastes should be temporarily stored onsite
separately and incinerated at a suitable location
CC, UEPL, IMC UEPL Rep to approve disposal
arrangement. Monitor waste
segregation and safe storage
onsite
During the entire operation
2.6 Wastes should not be disposed of in the open CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor during routine visits During the entire operation
2.7 For collection of wastes at the GPF and campsite adequate
number of waste bins should be provided
CC, IMC Monitor provision of sufficient
waste bins
During the entire operation
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2.8 Grey wastewater should be collected directly into septic tanks
and then to soak pits. Sprinkling of grey wastewater will not
be allowed
CC, IMC, UEPL Check provision of soak pits
and quality of wastewater
During the entire operation
2.9 Sewage generated from the toilets should be collected and
treated in septic tanks. The septic tanks should be built of
concrete and brick masonry to avoid leaching of wastewater
from the tanks. The overflow from the tanks should discharge
into soak pits. In case the soak pits get filled the wastewater
shall be transferred from the site in a tanker and disposed of
into municipal drains in the nearest area
CC, UEPL, IMC Check provision of septic tank
and soak pit. Monitor
wastewater levels in the soak
pits
During the entire operation
2.10 Soak pits should be built in absorbent soil and located 300 m
away from a surface water source or a groundwater well
CC, UEPL, IMC Check soil condition and
distance between the soak pits
and the nearest water body
During design and construction
2.11 Soak pits should be covered and constructed such that surface
runoff cannot enter the pits
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor provision of covers
and berms
Provision of berms during
construction and proper covers
during the entire operation
2.12 Soil contaminated by minor spills/leakages (defined as leaks
from vehicles, machinery, equipment or storage containers
such that the area and depth of soil contaminated is less than
1 sq. ft and 3 inches respectively) should be scraped and
treated as appropriate
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor any oil leaks and safe
disposal of contaminated soil
During the entire operation
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2.13 Moderate spills defined as spills of volume less than or equal
to 200 liters should be contained and controlled using
shovels, sands and native soil. These equipment and
materials should be made available at GPF/CPP and campsite
during the operation. The contaminated soil should be
excavated and stored in a bunded area lined with an
impermeable base. Depending on the volume, the
contaminated soil should be properly buried in such a
manner that it does not contaminate the surrounding soils or
groundwater
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure provision of equipment
and material to control and
handle such spills on site.
Monitor disposal as per the
requirements of the EIA
During the entire operation
2.14 Major spills (defined in the EIA as spills of volume much
greater than 200 liters) will require initiation of UEPLʹs
Emergency Response Procedures. These spills should be
handled and controlled according to the measures listed in
UEPL’s Oil Spill Contingency Plan and will be disposed of as
per methods defined in UEPL’s Oil Spill Contingency Plan
UEPL, CC, IMC Ensure that UEPL Emergency
Response Procedures and Oil
Spill Contingency Plan are
available onsite. Ensure
appropriate response is
initiated at the time of such
incident. IMC to check that the
plan is understood by all key
personnel
During the entire operation
2.15 All fuel and oil storage areas should have a concrete pad
underneath to prevent soil contamination in case of leaks or
spills
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure provision of concrete
pad
During construction activity
2.16 All fuel tanks should be properly marked to highlight their
contents
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure that proper signs are
placed with the tanks
During the entire operation
2.17 Fuel and oil storage areas should have secondary
containment in the form of concrete or brick masonry bunds.
The volume of the containment area should be equal to at
least 125% of the total volume of fuel or oil stored
CC, UEPL, IMC Check containment volume of
the bunded area
At the time of construction
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2.18 During fuel and oil transfer operations such as re‐fuelling
drips and spills should be avoided and drip pans should be
used
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure provision of drips pans,
provide training on safe re‐
fuelling practices, monitor oil
or fuel stains
During the entire operation
2.19 Fuel tanks should be regularly checked for leaks and all such
leaks should be plugged immediately
CC, UEPL, IMC Inspect fuel tanks for leaks During the entire operation
2.20 Shovels, plastic bags and absorbent material should be
present near fuel and oil storage or handling areas to attend
spills and leaks
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor presence of materials
and equipment
During the entire operation
2.21 Vehicles should only be washed within designated areas
within campsites. Mechanical maintenance works should be
done only in workshops
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure provision of washing
areas and maintenance
workshops and monitor any
non‐compliances with the EIA
requirements during routine
monitoring
During the entire operation
2.22 Vehicles shall be daily checked for fuel or oil leaks. Vehicles
with leaks shall not be operated until repaired
CC, UEPL, IMC Randomly inspect vehicles and
designated parking areas
During the entire operation
2.23 Produced water separated at GPF/CPP shall be re‐injected to
reservoir through deep well injection (first priority).
However, it can be sent to lined E‐Pond if no technical
feasible options are available
CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
3 Climate and Ambient Air Quality
3.1 Campsites will be located at least 300 m away from
communities
UEPL, CC, IMC Check Compliance Before construction
3.2 Generators, compressors and vehicles used should be
properly tuned and maintained to minimize air emissions
CC, UEPL, IMC Check maintenance logs During the entire operation
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3.3 Dust emissions due to road travel should be minimized by
regulating vehicles speed and watering of the access track
(where applicable)
CC, UEPL, IMC Set and monitor speed limits.
Monitor sprinkling of access
track
During the entire operation
3.4 Dust emissions during construction activities should be
minimized by good management practices such as locating
stock piles out of the wind direction, keeping the height of the
stock piles to a minimum, keeping earthwork areas damp etc.
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor dust emissions during
earthworks. Train CC on good
management practices
During the construction
operation
3.5 During detailed design of the GPF/CPP, emissions from point
sources such as flare and incinerator (for acid gases) should
be modelled so that if there are any ill‐effects on local
communities and workers appropriate mitigation measures
such as adjusting the stack heights can be taken
UEPL, CC, IMC Check compliace During the entire operation
3.6 During construction leveling or widening along the access
road will be done in sections, immediately followed by
sprinkling of water and also preferably compaction (where
required)
CC, UEPL, IMC Access road construction/
maintenace
During construction activity
3.7 Emissions from all point sources should be monitored to
check compliance with SEQS
UEPL, CC, IMC Ensure monitoring being
conducted
During the entire operation
4 Noise Pollution
4.1 It shall be ensured that generators, vehicles and other
potentially noisy equipment used are in good working
condition
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor noise levels Prior to use of machinery and
vehicles
4.2 Noise levels at communities nearest to the GPF/CPP,
campsite and access track should be monitored and in case
these are found to exceed safe acceptable limits appropriate
mitigation shall be taken
UEPL, CC, IMC Monitor noise levels as part of
the Effects Monitoring Program
Frequency of monitoring
specified in the Effects
Monitoring Program
4.3 Campsite/s will be located 300 m away from nearest
communities
CC, UEPL, IMC Check distances from the
community
Prior to construction
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4.4 The use of horns by project vehicles should be minimized.
The use of pressure horns should not be allowed
CC, UEPL, IMC Train drivers, check vehicles
and record non‐compliances
During the entire operation
4.5 Movement of all project vehicles and personnel should be
restricted to within work areas only
CC, UEPL, IMC Advise all drivers and
investigate non‐compliances
from staff
During the entire operation
4.6 Provide noise barriers/enclosures to control noise levels from
generators and mechanical workshops etc. Moreover,
locate/setup noisy equipment or machinery as far as possible
from nearby receptors
UEPL, CC, IMC Check provision of noise
barriers/enclosures
During construction phase
4.7 Conduct regular noise monitoring as per applicable laws and
regulations
UEPL, CC, IMC Ensure compliance During the entire project
5. Use of Water
5.1 Water from surface water bodies will not be used CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
5.2 The quantity of water used during construction and operation
will be kept to the minimum required by taking prudent
water conservation measures on site. A complete record of
water consumption will be maintained
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor water consumption,
advise water conservation
measures
During the entire operation
5.3 Marginally sweet water wells will be used for constrution and
other project related activities. Where possible, use of
brackish water should be maximized for the project activities.
Discharge from the water well will be regularly monitored to
monitor any changes in the yield of the wells
CC, UEPL, IMC Approve water well, record
extraction of water
During the entire project
5.4 If a new water well is to be installed, the well will be located
300 m from existing local wells and will be designed to
abstract water preferably from deep aquifer not being used by
local communities
UEPL, IMC Ensure safe distance from
community water wells
During or before project activity
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5.5 Utilization of water resources that are in possession of local
owners shall be appropriately compensated as per mutual
agreement of both parties
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure that proper
compensation is being paid
During the entire project
5.6 Preferably, the potable water requirement will be met by
installing water treatment system (such as reverse osmosis)
UEPL, CC, IMC IMC to guide on preservation
of water
During the entire operation
6. Blockage of Natural Drainage
6.1 Area around the GPF/CPP and campsite shall be landscaped
to avoid blocking natural drainage
CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor landscaping and any
obstruction caused to natural
drainage
During the construction activity
6.2 Causeway crossings and pipe culverts will be provided at
stream crossings to avoid blockage of natural drainage
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure construction of culverts
where required particularly
along the access track
During construction activity
6.3 Uncontrolled & unnecessary clearing, dozing, excavations or
quarrying, storage of construction material etc. will be
avoided
CC, IMC Ensure compliance During construction activity
7 Clearing of Vegetation & Loss of Habitat
7.1 Total land uptake will be kept to the minimum required UEPL Check compliance After marking of the site layout
on ground by the CC and prior
to clearing of land at these areas
7.2 Off‐road travel, required at sections of the road where
construction work is in progress, will be minimized and if
required will be allowed only after approval from UEPL Rep
CC, UEPL, IMC Train drivers and investigate
non‐compliances
During the entire operation
7.3 Campsite areas will be located in existing cleared area CC, IMC, UEPL Supervise camp setup During setup of the construction
camps
7.4 The access track to the GPF/CPP will be selected to utilize
existing track as much as possible
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure existing track to used as
much as possible
During selection of access track
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7.5 Clearing of vegetation will be avoided as much as possible.
Under unavoidable circumstances any clearing required will
be done with prior approval of IMC and custodian of the
area. Each tree cutting for clearing of site will be
replaced/compensated by plantation of trees at site (10 trees
for each tree cut). The tree species shall be indigenous to the
region
CC, UEPL, IMC Supervise land clearing
activities
During land clearing for the
campsites
7.6 Periodic trainings will be provided to drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road travel and speed limits
CC, UEPL, IMC Check training log, provide
trainings
During the entire project
7.7 Dust emissions on access tracks will be reduced by keeping
speed limits below 40 km/hr
CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
7.8 Vehicles speed will be regulated and monitored to avoid
excessive dust emissions
CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
7.9 Use of local vegetation as fuel will not be allowed CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
8. Disturbance to Wildlife
8.1 Prior to commencement of construction, awareness trainings
will be provided to contractor’s management and field crew
on HSE awareness
UEPL Provide environmental
awareness training
Before commencement of
construction
8.2 Land uptake will be kept to minimium required UEPL, CC, IMC Check compliance After marking of the site layout
on ground by the CC and prior
to clearing of land at these areas
8.3 All mitigation measures to minimize noise levels, dust
emissions, air emissions, and waste management required by
the EIA will be adhered to
CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
8.4 Food wastes will not be disposed of in the open CC, UEPL, IMC Monitor collection and disposal
of food waste
During the entire operation
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8.5 Vehicles speed on access road will be controlled to avoid
incidental mortalities of reptiles. Any such incident will be
reported to all concerned departments with copy to
departmental heads. Vehicles speed will be randomly
checked
UEPL, CC, IMC Monitor speed limits During the entire operation
8.6 Cutting of trees will be avoided as much as possible CC, IMC Check compliance During Construction activity
8.7 Movement of all project personnel will be restricted to work
areas only
UEPL, CC, IMC Check compliance During entire operation
8.8 Movement of project vehicles will be restricted only to the
project access road or to routes approved by UEPL’s Rep
UEPL, CC, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
8.9 Night travelling will only be done after getting approval from
UEPL’s Rep
CC, UEPL, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
8.10 Lights used at the GPF/CPP and campsite will be kept to the
minimum required
CC, UEPL, IMC Ensure that the EIA
requirement are met
During the entire operation
8.11 Hunting, fishing or trapping of wildlife will not be allowed UEPL, CC, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
8.12 Feeding or harassment of wildlife will not be allowed UEPL, CC, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
9 Socioeconomic, Archaeological and Cultural Environment
9.1 Project contractors and field staff shall be taken through a
Community and External Affairs Induction program before
execution of project activities
UEPL Ensure training to contractors Before start of project activities
9.2 Local sources of drinking water will not be exploited UEPL, CC, IMC Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.3 The access road will be watered regularly to minimize dust
emissions (if required)
UEPL, CC, IMC Monitor water sprinkling During the entire operation
9.4 Construction of by passes to all major settlements and where
necessary re‐routing the access road so that a safe distances is
maintained from a settlement
UEPL, CC, IMC Check alignment of access
routes
During construction activity
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
No. Impact & Mitigation Measure Responsibility &
Execution
Action/Monitoring
Parameter/Monitoring MethodTiming
9.5 Drivers will be trained in responsible and safe driving
practices, a speed limit shall be set and maintained in
addition vehicle log books will be maintained and inspected
for compliance
UEPL, CC, IMC Provide training and monitor
compliance
During the entire operation
9.6 Labour from local communities will be recruited equitably
amongst the various tribes subject to company’s competency
criteria
UEPL, CC, IMC Monitor adherence with the
requirement and maintain
record of labour
During the entire operation
9.7 Use of local firewood for cooking by contractor staff to be
prohibited
CC, IMC Monitor adherence with the
requirement
During the entire operation
9.8 Campsite will be located at minimum distance of 300 m from
nearest residential communities thereby mitigating the effect
of noise and emissions
UEPL, CC, IMC Check the distance Before construction activity
9.9 Generators and vehicles will be regularly maintained to
minimize emissions
UEPL, CC, IMC Monitor air emissions During the entire operation
9.10 Project staff will respect cultural norms UEPL, CC, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
9.11 Access road will be re‐aligned to maintain safe distance from
the edge of any graveyard and shrine (if found)
UEPL, CC, IMC Check distance Before and during construction
9.12 All community grievances will be addressed and rectified
appropriately
UEPL, CC, IMC Check compliance During the entire operation
Notes: CC: Construction Contractor; IMC: Independent Monitoring Consultant; UEPL: Management or Representative of United Energy Pakistan Limited
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-63 HPK
Table A‐5: Recommended Distances from Environmental Features during Seismic Operation
Item Distance
New access track/s 50 m from all surface water sources
100 m from archaeological significant and cultural sites (including
graveyard, religious sites and shrines)
100 m from villages (if and where possible)
Campsite/s 300 m from villages/town/city
Upholes 30 m from water wells
50 m from houses
50 m from surface water bodies
50 m from reptile hole/nest/den
50 m from archaeological significant and cultural sites (including
graveyard, religious sites and shrines)
Shot holes 50 m from water wells
50 m from houses
50 m from surface water bodies
50 m from reptile hole/nest/den
50 m from archaeological significant and cultural sites (including
graveyard, religious sites and shrines)
Table A‐6: Recommended Distance from Environmental Receptors during Drilling and Flow Line
Laying/Wellhead Works
Area/Facility
Distance (m)
Community Community
Water Well
Archaeological or
Cultural Site
Well site 300 300 300
Rig camp 300 300 300
Soak pits NA 300 m from
ground/surface
water resources
NA
RoW of flow line 100 100 50
Construction camp 300 300
Minimum distances of various project activities from environmental receptors (not mentioned in this table) will be decided
during project execution phase.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-64 HPK
Table A‐7: Minimum Distance from Environmental Receptors during Establishment/
Construction of GPF/CPP
Area/Facility
Distance (m)
Community Community Water
Well
Archaeological or Cultural
Site
Construction camp 300 300 300
Quarry location 1,000 300 300
Soak pits NA 300 m from
ground/surface water
resources
NA
Minimum distances of various project activities from environmental receptors (not mentioned in this table will be decided
during project execution phase.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
Table A‐8: A Tentative Frequency of Monitoring Mitigation Measures
Item Frequency
Line inspections Prior to start work on any seismic line
Access track inspection Prior to start work on any of access track development
Camp construction At the time of camp construction
Waste disposal at campsites Once a week as a minimum
Waste disposal at rig site & GPF Daily during routine field visits
Waste disposal along access tracks
and survey lines
Daily during routine field visits
Water use Once every week
Recycling contractors At the time of approval and then once during the operation
Access tracks and road travel Daily during routine field visits
Preparation of survey lines During survey of seismic lines
Shot holes/Upholes drilling,
shooting and recording
On a routine basis on selected seismic lines
Vehicles – Field inspections Daily during routine field visits
Vehicles – Camp inspections Twice a week as a minimum
Handling of fuels, oils and
chemicals
Once during camp construction & twice a week during
camp operation
Condensate storage Daily during routine field visits
Chemical storage Once every week
General controls Daily during routine field visits
Restoration During restoration
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-66 HPK
Table A‐9: Effects Monitoring Requirements
Parameter Potential Issue Monitoring
Parameter
Method Frequency Responsibility
Physical Parameters
Water Water lowering of
groundwater table or
reduced discharge in
water wells used by the
project and within 300 m
radius
Water well
discharge
Volumetric
discharge
measurement
Monthly during each
project
United Energy
Pakistan Limited
Limited (UEPL)
Biological Environment
Wildlife Disturbance to wildlife
including key species of
the project area
Presence and
distribution
of wildlife in
the area of
operation
Wildlife surveys For each project the
frequency will be as
follows: Pre‐project, at
regular intervals during
the projects and after
restoration
Independent
Monitoring Team
(IMC)
Socioeconomic Environment
Communities Disturbance to
communities and
community complaints
Community
complaints
Community
consultation and
community
complaints register
Consultation with
communities through
UEPL’s site representative
prior to and throughout
each project
United Energy
Pakistan Limited
Limited (UEPL)
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 A-67 HPK
Table A‐10: Suggested Training Program
Project Activity Staff Contents
Seismic, Construction (all
activities) and Drilling
Drivers Road safety
Road restrictions
Vehicles restrictions
Waste disposal
Seismic and Construction
(all activities)
Survey Crew Wildlife sensitivities
Identification of sensitive areas
Communication of environmental problems to
appropriate personnel
Waste disposal
Seismic, Construction (all
activities) and Drilling
Bulldozer Operators Wildlife sensitivities
Identification and avoidance of sensitive areas
Waste disposal
Communication of environmental problems to
appropriate personnel
Seismic, Construction (all
activities) and Drilling
Mechanics and
Vehicles Operators
All Personnel
Environmental controls of
vehicles and equipment
Waste disposal
Seismic, Construction (all
activities) and Drilling
Camp Staff Safe camp operation
Waste disposal
Seismic, Construction (all
activities) and Drilling
Restoration and Clean‐
up Team
Restoration requirements
Note: ‘Construction’ activities also include construction of flow lines and GPF/CPP
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 HPK
Appendix B Environmental Monitoring Checklists
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-1 HPK
Checklist for Camp Establishment
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Has the campsite been selected in consultation with
HSEO? Yes No
2. Have photographs been taken to record the pre‐
camping conditions? Yes No
3. Has the campsite been selected in existing clearings
and on levelled land? Yes No
4. Has the campsite been selected at least 300 meters
away from any communities? Yes No
5. Has the campsite been selected 300 meters from any
surface water body? Yes No
6. Have compensation amounts been settled based on
prevailing market rates? Yes No
7. Has any vegetation been cleared? Yes No
8. If yes, is the vegetation loss significant? Yes No
9. If yes, have the mitigation measures specified in the
EIA been adhered with? Yes No
10. Has the top soil been damaged significantly or root
stock destroyed? Yes No
11. Have the trees or bushes been used as fuel wood? Yes No
12. Have any trees been cut? Yes No
13. Has the natural drainage been disturbed or blocked? Yes No
14. Does the campsite have a septic system comprising of
septic tank and soak pit? Yes No
15. Have the soak pits for laundry, kitchen and showers
been built? Yes No
16. Have the soak pits been built in absorbent soil? Yes No
17. Have the soak pits (where required) been built down‐
slope from the camp? Yes No
18. Have the soak pits been designed to accommodate
wastewater generated during the total duration of the
operation?
Yes No
19. Are the soak pits within 300 meters of any surface
water source or a ground well? Yes No
20. Can surface water enter the soak pits? Yes No
21. Has plastic sheeting been placed under all concreted
structures? Yes No
22. Have all other mitigations measures specified in the
EIA been adhered to? Yes No
23. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-2 HPK
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-3 HPK
Checklist for Camp Operation
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Has any vegetation been cleared or damaged? Yes No
2. Are bushes or trees been used as fuel wood? Yes No
3. Is water drawn from a local water source? Yes No
4. If yes to point 3, has the yield and demand been
determined to ensure there is enough to meet the
requirements of the locals?
Yes No
5. If yes to point 3, is water well discharge being checked
and recorded on a regular basis? Yes No
6. If yes to point 3, is compensation being paid for the
water use? Yes No
7. Has the natural drainage been disturbed? Yes No
8. Are the fuels and oils handled in a safe manner,
ensuring no leakage or spillage? Yes No
9. Are the soak pits being constructed 300 meters away
from a surface water source or groundwater well? Yes No
10. Has any surface water entered the soak pits? Yes No
11. In case the soak pits get filled during the operation, has
the grey water been transferred to the nearest
municipal drains?
Yes No
12. Is sprinkling of wastewater being done on site? Yes No
13. Has arrangements for the transportation of black water
to the municipal drains been in placed? Yes No
14. Are there enough waste bins around the camp? Yes No
15. Are the waste bins emptied on a regular basis? Yes No
16. Is food waste disposed in the open? Yes No
17. Has the burning of wastes been practiced? Yes No
18. Is the combustible and non‐combustible waste being
sent to the approved waste contractor(s)? Yes No
19. Is medical waste being stored separately at the
campsite? Yes No
20. Is medical waste being disposed of properly i.e.
incinerated? Yes No
21. Are water consumption figures being maintained? Yes No
22. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
23. Have requirements of the EIA been adhered to? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-4 HPK
Checklist for Vehicles
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Are the vehicles maintained and inspected regularly? Yes No
2. Are the oil, fuel and other leaks from the vehicles
immediately attended to? Yes No
3. Are the vehicles with leaks being operated? Yes No
4. Has there been any spillage during vehicle re‐fueling
or maintenance? Yes No
5. If yes, have recommended mitigation measures been
adhered to? Yes No
6. Are the vehicles being washed or serviced in the field? Yes No
7. Are the vehicles being washed in designated areas
having concrete pad and wastewater collection pits? Yes No
8. Is vehicle related waste, such as oils, filters, old tires or
parts are left unattended? Yes No
9. Is vehicle related waste, such as oils, filters, old tyres or
parts being disposed of properly? Yes No
10. Are the vehicles emitting excessive smoke? Yes No
11. Do the potentially noisy vehicles have properly
functioning silencers (mufflers)? Yes No
12. Do all vehicles have provision for containers/trash
bags to store trash/refuse? Yes No
13. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
14. Have all other mitigations measures specified in the
EIA been adhered to? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-5 HPK
Checklist for Road Travel
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Is the number of routes kept to a minimum? Yes No
2. Have photographs been taken to record pre‐usage
conditions? Yes No
3. Are the existing routes being used to access the
desired locations? Yes No
4. Have new access routes been developed? Yes No
5. If yes, have requirements of the EIA been adhered to? Yes No
6. Has vegetation clearing been minimized? Yes No
7. Has off‐road travel been observed or short cuts been
used? Yes No
8. Is vehicle speed limit of 30‐40 km/hr being followed? Yes No
9. Are heavily traveled routes watered (wherever
required) on a daily basis to minimize dispersion of
dust?
Yes No
10. Are the drivers careful and watchful about wild and
domestic animals? Yes No
11. Has any natural drainage been disturbed or altered? Yes No
12. Is any soil erosion observed? Yes No
13. If yes, have the mitigation measures been adhered to? Yes No
14. Is night travel avoided? Yes No
15. Is the use of horns avoided as far as possible? Yes No
16. Are pressure horns being used? Yes No
17. Do the vehicles carry adequate containers/trash bags
for litter/garbage and are they emptied at the
campsite or other designated location regularly?
Yes No
18. Are there any damages caused by project activities to
canals, watercourses, local roads or other
infrastructure (where applicable)?
Yes No
19. If yes, are these damages being repaired/compensated
as per mutual agreed terms? Yes No
20. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
21. Have all other mitigations measures specified in the
EIA been adhered to? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-6 HPK
Checklist for Fuels, Oils and Chemicals
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Do the fuel storage facilities have adequate secondary
containment up to 125% capacity in case of leakage or
spillage?
Yes No
2. Is there any other combustible or flammable material
in the fuel storage area? Yes No
3. Is regular inspection carried out to check leaks and
spills? Yes No
4. Have the entire oil and fuel storage areas concrete floor
underneath to prevent soil contamination from leaks
or spills?
Yes No
5. Are the fuel tanks properly marked with their
contents? Yes No
6. Are the fuel transfer arrangements protected against
spills? Yes No
7. Are the drip trays/pans being used? Yes No
8. Are tarpaulin sheets placed under equipment and fuel
containers that have the potential to spill or drip? Yes No
9. Is the fuel transfer operation being supervised in the
field? Yes No
10. Are the spills and leaks thoroughly cleaned? Yes No
11. Are the spilled oil or fuel and used clean‐up material
being disposed properly? Yes No
12. Are the spills and leaks reported and recorded? Yes No
13. Is contaminated soil being removed or covered
following proper clean‐up procedures? Yes No
14. Is the environmental emergency response plane
available on site? Yes No
15. Is the UEPL’s emergency response plan being followed
for spills and leaks (moderate or major spills)? Yes No
16. Has all the mitigation measures suggested in the EIA
been adhered to? Yes No
17. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-7 HPK
General Environmental Checklist
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Are activities taking place in agricultural or grazing
areas? Yes No
2. If yes, have compensation amounts being settled as per
mutual agreed terms or prevailing market rates? Yes No
3. Are permitting staff informing village leaders of
location and timing of all major activities? Yes No
4. Is a community complaints register being managed
and maintained? Yes No
5. Are there any damages caused by project activities to
canals, watercourses, local roads or other
infrastructure (where applicable)?
Yes No
6. If yes, are these damages being repaired/compensated
as per the recommendations of the EIA? Yes No
7. Are the cultural norms being respected by the project
staff? Yes No
8. Has off‐sets been provided from sites of religious,
cultural or archeological significance (if found)? Yes No
9. Is trash, wrappers, shopping bags, paper, cans, bottles
or any other kind of litter being left out in the open? Yes No
10. Have measures been taken to protect the vegetation of
the area? Yes No
11. Is the HSEO immediately notified of any wildlife
sightings and are the sightings logged? Yes No
12. Is the “no hunting, no killing, no feeding, no
harassment, no fishing and no trapping” policy strictly
enforced?
Yes No
13. Are any archeological sites or places of cultural or
religious significance disturbed? Yes No
14. In the event of incidental discoveries of archaeological
sites, are the contingency measures followed? Yes No
15. Is the “no shortcuts” policy followed? Yes No
16. Has all the mitigation measures suggested in the EIA
been adhered to? Yes No
17. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-8 HPK
Checklist for Restoration and Rehabilitation of Drilling Sites
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
General
1. Have the erosion control measures been taken where
needed? Yes No
2. Has the contaminated soil been removed and disposed
of appropriately? Yes No
3. Have the sites been inspected to ensure the
recommended restoration measures have been strictly
adhered to?
Yes No
For Dry or Producing Well
1. Has the outer chainlink fence for producing well been
retained? Yes No
2. Has the wellhead for producing well been enclosed by a
locked steel cage for further production operations
work?
Yes No
3. Has all equipment and machinery at the dry well site
been demobilized? Yes No
4. Has all wastes at the well site been disposed of
properly? Yes No
5. Has liner from the water and waste pits at the dry well
site been taken out and re‐used or disposed of properly? Yes No
6. Have all concrete structures at the dry well site been
broken and either transported out of the project area by
the demolition or site restoration contractors for sale or
reuse or disposed of into the pits?
Yes No
For Campsites, Access Route
1. Have the camping sites been restored as close as
possible to the original condition? Yes No
2. Have the campsites been cleaned, leaving no refuse or
wastes behind? Yes No
3. Have the routes been restored as close as possible to the
original condition? Yes No
4. Have all the soak pits and septic tanks been backfilled
with an extra cap of 1 meter soil on top to cater
compaction?
Yes No
5. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-9 HPK
Checklist for Laying of Seismic Lines
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Have photographs been taken to record pre‐survey
conditions? Yes No
2. Has proper offsets been given from settlements? (if
any) Yes No
3. Has proper offsets from surface water bodies been
given? (if any) Yes No
4. Has proper offsets been provided to local water
sources or other water sources? Yes No
5. Has minimum distances from environmental receptors
been maintained from wetlands during data
acquisition?
Yes No
6. If yes, was it absolutely minimized? Yes No
7. Were any trees felled? Yes No
8. Were any trees or bushes burnt or disposed of? Yes No
9. Has soil erosion been observed as a result of the survey
related activities? Yes No
10. If yes, are mitigation measures needed? Yes No
11. If yes, have the mitigation measures specified in the
EIA being adhered to? Yes No
12. Are whitewashed rocks used to mark survey lines? Yes No
13. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-10 HPK
Checklist for Shooting and Recording
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Are the holes drilled deeper than required? Yes No
2. Is the hole diameter larger than required? Yes No
3. Are the charges set at the specified depth? Yes No
4. Have the bird nests, small mammals and reptile holes
and carnivore Dens/caves being avoided during deep
holes and up holes operation?
Yes No
5. Is the charge quantity kept to a minimum, according to
the requirement? Yes No
6. Are deep holes packed with sand before shooting? Yes No
7. Is vegetation clearing avoided for drilling the holes? Yes No
8. Are the shot hole locations restored after the
recording? Yes No
9. Are all flagging, survey stakes and debris removed
after the recording? Yes No
10. Is refuse and waste collected and sent to the campsite
for proper disposal? Yes No
11. Has night traveling been observed? Yes No
12. Has all the mitigation measures suggested in the EIA
been adhered to? Yes No
13. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 B-11 HPK
Checklist for Restoration & Rehabilitation of Seismic Operation
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Have the campsite been restored as close as possible to
the original condition? Yes No
2. Have the campsite been cleaned, leaving no refuse or
wastes behind? Yes No
3. Have the routes been restored as close as possible to
the original condition? Yes No
4. Have the survey lines been restored as close as
possible to the original condition? Yes No
5. Have all flags, stakes, signs and refuse been removed? Yes No
6. Have all holes and mud pits made for the purpose of
up holes and deep holes been backfilled and restored? Yes No
7. Have the photographs of the above mentioned
activities been taken to compare with the pre‐project
conditions?
Yes No
8. Have all damages caused to local infrastructure during
the operation been repaired and restored? Yes No
9. Have the erosion control measures been taken where
needed? Yes No
10. Has it been ensured that the survey lines do not
become new routes? Yes No
11. Have the concrete blocks from the explosive storage
area been removed? Yes No
12. Have all the ditches, soak pits and septic tanks been
backfilled with an extra cap of 1 meter soil on top to
cater compaction?
Yes No
13. Has the contaminated soil been removed and disposed
of appropriately? Yes No
14. Have the sites been inspected to ensure the
recommended restoration measures have been strictly
adhered to?
Yes No
15. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
Checklist for Flow Line Laying
No. Description Status Additional
Comments
1. Has the cutting along the slopes been minimized? Yes No
2. Has the width of RoW been limited to 40 ft to
minimize clearing of vegetation and disturbance to
soil?
Yes No
3. Has the clearing of dense patches of vegetation been
avoided? Yes No
4. Has clearing for RoW blocked the natural drainage? Yes No
5. Is tree cutting being minimized? Yes No
6. Were any trees felled? Yes No
7. Were any trees or bushes burnt or disposed of? Yes No
8. Are communities informed before commencing the
activity close to the settlements? Yes No
9 Has soil erosion been observed as a result of the
construction activities? Yes No
10. Has topsoil of the RoW been stored separately? Yes No
11. Has topsoil been backfilled ensuring minimum loss of
topsoil? Yes No
12. Has water used for cleaning and hydro‐testing of flow
line collected in lined pits? Yes No
13. Are safety measures for locals in place? Yes No
14. Has RoW for flow line by‐passed major settlements? Yes No
15. If yes, are mitigation measures needed? Yes No
16. If yes, have the mitigation measures specified in the
EIA being adhered to? Yes No
17. Are UEPL’s HSE guidelines being followed? Yes No
Name: Signature:
Date:
Additional Comments
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 HPK
Appendix C Environmental Aspects Register
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-1 HPK
Appendix C – Environmental Aspects Register
The appendix provides an environmental impacts and aspects of the proposed
exploration and associated development activities mainly comprise of seismic,
drilling, flow line laying/tie‐ins/wellhead works and establishment/construction of
processing facilities i.e. GPF/CPP presented in Table C‐2, C‐3, C‐4 and C‐5
respectively. The register identifies the potential impacts of construction and
operational activities on various environmental resources. The register also categorizes
the significance of the impacts on the basis of their severity of consequence and the
probability of occurrence. The impact significance has been categorized on the basis of
the following criteria provided in Table C‐1.
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-2 HPK
Table C‐1: Criteria for Environmental Impacts and Aspects for Exploration and Associated Development Activities
1 2 3 4 5
Frequency
E
D
C
B
A
1 2 3 4 5
Consequence
Low
Tolerable (If ALARP)
Intolerable
Environmental Risk Scoring ‐ Consequence
5
Massive environmental damage in an extended area outside the boundaries
Extensive actions of remediation/restoration are required
Extended breaches of regulations, complaints of international concern
4
Major environmental damage within an large area outside the boundaries
Major actions for remediation/restoration are required
Major breaches of regulations, complaints of national concern
3 Medium environmental damage within a large area outside the boundaries
Medium actions for remediation/restoration are required
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-3 HPK
Repeated breaches of regulations, complaints of local/regional concern
2
Low environmental damage within a limited area outside the boundaries / Medium environmental damage within the
boundaries
Actions for clean‐up are required
Occasional breaches of regulations, complaints of local concern
1 Negligible environmental damage within the boundaries
Actions for clean‐up may be required
Environmental Risk Scoring ‐ Frequency
E Frequent ‐ happens several times per year in a location
D Probable ‐ happens several times per year in our Company
C Seldom ‐ happens once per year in our Company
B Unlikely ‐ heard of in our industry
A Improbable ‐ never heard of in our industry
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-4 HPK
Table C‐2: Environmental Aspect Register for Seismic Activities
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
1 Land
acquisition
Loss of
vegetation/crops/tree
s
Public grievances N Land Acquisition
Act, 1894
Equitable disbursement of
compensation amounts after
mutual agreement of both
parties
Manage and maintain a
community complaints
register
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
2 Diesel storage
at site
Fire due to ignition
of spilled diesel
Air Pollution
(SOx, NOx, Acid
rain, Global
warming)
E Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Spill control Plans
No smoking at site
Inspection of secondary
containments
SOP of diesel filling
procedure
Acceptable Training of
staff at site
regarding
Site
Emergency
Response
Plans
Evaluate Risk
2 D
Tolerable (if
ALARP)
‐ ‐
‐
Diesel spill from
diesel storage tanks
and from power
generation
equipment
Land
contamination
and water aquifer
deterioration
A Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Secondary containment
around diesel tank
Liner under the power
engines
Routine inspections
Acceptable
1 1 1 2 2 7
‐ ‐
‐
3 Equipment and
crew
mobilization
and
demobilization
Dust and vehicular
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standard,
2016
Regulate and monitor
vehicles speed
Maintain vehicles in a good
working condition
Avoid off‐road travel
Conduct vehicle and
equipment emission testing
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Noise and vibration Noise pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standard,
2016
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
Use of pressure horns will
not be allowed
Conduct noise monitoring of
noise emitting vehicles and
equipment
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Driving practices Safety hazards –
locals
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial Motor
Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance, 2002
Train drivers in responsible
and safe driving practices
Observe and maintain
minimum/safe distances
from local communities
Avoid night travelling unless
required in case of an
emergency
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
4 Construction/
Improvement
of access tracks
Land clearing Soil erosion N Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or
improvements will be kept to
a minimum
Restrict movement of
personnel and construction
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-5 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
equipment to work areas
only
Maintain photographic
records of all activities to
monitor any changes and soil
conditions
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel
Avoid off‐road travel
Maximize usage of existing
tracks
Handling of fuel, oil
and chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Vehicles will be daily
checked for fuel or oil leaks
Fuel and oil transfer
operations will be done using
a dedicated fuel vehicle
Drip pans will be used to
avoid drips and spills
Procedure for transfer shall
be developed and
implemented
Acceptable
2 1 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
Use of horns/
improperly
maintained
machinery
Noise pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
Use of pressure horns will
not be allowed
Properly maintain vehicles
and construction equipment
Restrict all project vehicles
and personnel within work
areas
Conduct noise monitoring
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Dust and vehicular
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Regulate and monitor
vehicles speed
Minimize dust emissions by
employing good
management practices
Avoid off‐road travel
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Loss of vegetation/
crops
Soil erosion/loss
of habitat
N The Forest Act,
1927
Minimize vegetation
clearance
Prohibit use of local
vegetation as fuel
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or
improvements will be
minimized
Avoid clearing of trees
Acceptable
2 2 3 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-6 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas
with dense vegetation
Land acquisition for
access tracks
Loss of habitat N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments
2001, Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Minimize total land uptake
by access roads
Width of existing tracks
development or
improvements will be
minimized
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas
with dense vegetation
Avoid clearing of trees
Use single approved track
during construction
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
Driving practices/
Resource utilization
Safety hazards
and disturbance
to communities
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial Motor
Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance, 2002
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigation related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
Manage and maintain a
community complaints
register
Local sources of drinking
water will be used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Repair any damage caused
by project activities to local
infrastructure
Observe strict compliance
with UEPL’s HSE guidelines
Project staff to respect all
cultural norms
Provide offsets from sites of
religious, cultural or
archaeological significance
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
Vegetation clearing/
Vehicular movement
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
trapping or harassment,
killing or feeding of wildlife
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or
improvement will be
minimized
Select routes with minimum
vegetation clearing
Avoid dense patches of
vegetation
Maintain construction
vehicles and equipment
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 3 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-7 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Minimize time period of
operation near surface water
bodies (especially which are
breeding areas)
Monitor impacts of the
individual project on wildlife
species
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas
with dense vegetation
5 Camp/s
construction/
Establishment/
Operation
Vegetation clearing Soil erosion/
Physical scarring
N The Forest Act,
1927
Minimize vegetation clearing
Avoid cutting of trees
Locate campsite in existing
clearings and on levelled
land
Minimize cut and fill as
much as possible
Minimize total land uptake
by the camps
Maintain photographic
records of all activities to
monitor any changes in soil
conditions
Campsites will be located
outside of the boundaries of
areas with dense vegetation
Acceptable
2 1 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Waste management/
Handling of fuels,
oils and chemicals
Soil/Water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Dispose sewage generated at
the campsite in septic system
comprising septic tanks and
soak pits
Dispose wastewater from
laundry, kitchen washings
and showers into separate
soak pits
Build soak pits in absorbent
soil
Keep septic system at
minimum distances of 300 m
from surface water sources or
groundwater wells
Design and construct soak
pits to prevent surface runoff
Design soak pits to
accommodate wastewater
generated during the total
duration of the operation
In case the soak pits get filled
during the operation, grey
water will be transferred to
nearest municipal drains
Sprinkling of wastewater will
not be allowed
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-8 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Solid wastes at the campsite
will be stored temporarily on
site for onward supply to a
waste contractor
Wash vehicles in designated
areas within campsite
Regularly check vehicles for
fuel or oil leaks
All fuel and oil storage areas
will have a concrete pad
underneath to prevent soil
contamination in case of
leaks or spills
All fuel tanks will be
properly marked to highlight
their contents
Fuel and oil storage areas
will have secondary
containment in the form of
concrete or brick masonry
bunds
Ensure provisions for proper
fuel and oil storage and
handling
Dust/Exhaust
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Maintain vehicles and
equipment in good condition
Select campsite locations at
least 300 m away from
communities
Employ good management
practice to minimize dust
emissions
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Use of horns/
Improper maintained
machinery
Noise and
vibration
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Ensure that generators,
vehicles and other potentially
noisy equipment are in good
condition
Select campsite location at
least 300 m away from
communities
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
Use of pressure horns will
not be allowed
Restrict all project vehicles
and personnel within work
areas
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Resource utilization Resource
depletion and
water pollution
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Prohibit use of water from
surface water bodies
Employ prudent water
conservation measures
Keep complete records of
water consumption during
project
Acceptable
2 3 2 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-9 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Obtain water required for
seismic and construction
operation from local wells,
existing or new UEPL water
wells in the area
Install (if required) new
water wells 300 m from
existing local wells
Abstract water from deep
aquifer
Water from a local well will
only be used after ensuring
that the available capacity at
the tube well (safe yield
minus local demand) is at
least 50% greater than the
project demand
Abstraction of water for
seismic operation, from
irrigation network will only
be used after getting
approval from irrigation
department
Noise and vibration/
Waste disposal
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
trapping, killing, feeding or
harassment of wildlife
Select campsite locations 300
m from surface water bodies
Avoid clearing of dense
patches of vegetation
Food wastes will not be left
in the open and shall be
buried
Maintain compressors and
vehicles in good condition
Monitor impacts of the
individual projects on
wildlife species
Acceptable
2 3 3 3 3 14
‐ ‐
‐
6 Clearing and
levelling of
seismic lines
Vegetation clearing Soil erosion/
Physical scarring
N The Forest Act,
1927
Minimize vegetation
clearance
Avoid cutting of trees
Maintain photographic
records of all activities to
monitor any changes in soil
conditions
Minimize disturbance to
natural topography and soils
Regulate and monitor
vehicles speed
Avoid off‐road travel
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-10 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Waste disposal/
Handling of fuel, oils
and chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Prohibit solid waste disposal
in the field
Regularly check vehicles for
fuel or oil leaks
Use a dedicated fuel vehicle
for fuel and oil transfer
operation
Use drip pans to avoid drips
and spills
The soil contaminated from
minor and moderate spills
will be removed and sent to
waste contractor for
appropriate disposal e.g.
incineration or can be
disposed of in accordance to
best industrial guidelines
Acceptable
2 1 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Use of horns/
Improperly
maintained
machinery
Noise pollution/
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
The use of pressure horns
will not be allowed
Restrict movement of
personnel and construction
equipment within work areas
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Dust/Exhaust
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Maintain vehicles in good
condition
Dust emissions during line
clearance activities will be
minimized by good
management practices
Minimize dust emissions by
employing good
management practices
Conduct vehicle and
equipment emission testing
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Loss of vegetation Loss of habitat N The Forest Act,
1927
Minimize clearing of
vegetation
Prohibit use of local
vegetation as fuel by crew
personnel
Avoid clearing of trees
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 3 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-11 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Waste disposal/
Vehicular movement
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
trapping, killing, feeding or
harassment of wildlife
Minimize vegetation clearing
and land uptake
Avoid clearing of dense
patches of vegetation
Food wastes will not be left
in the open and shall be
buried
Maintain minimum distances
of 50 m from the canals and
wetlands during line clearing
Maintain vehicles in good
condition to reduce noise
Minimize time period of
operation near surface water
bodies (especially which are
breeding areas) by good
management practices
Monitor impacts of the
individual project on wildlife
species
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 3 11
‐ ‐
‐
Driving practices/
Resource utilization
Safety hazards
and disturbance
to communities
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial Motor
Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance, 2002
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigation related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
Manage and maintain
community complaints
register
Local sources of drinking
water will be used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Repair any damage caused
by project activities to local
infrastructure
Observe strict compliance
with UEPL HSE guidelines
Project staff to respect
cultural norms
Provide offsets from sites of
religious, cultural or
archaeological significance
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐ ‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-12 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
7 Seismic survey
and data
acquisition
Disturbance to
communities and
resource utilization
Safety hazards
and community
complaints
N Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigation related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
Manage and maintain
community complaints
register
Local sources of drinking
water will be used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Repair any damage caused
by project activities to local
infrastructure
Observe strict compliance
with UEPL HSE guidelines
Project staff to respect
cultural norms
Provide offsets from sites of
religious, cultural or
archaeological significance
Water sources currently
being used for irrigation by
the resident communities
will be exploited only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Maintain effective
communication channels
with local communities to
inform them about the
progress of various project
activities
Acceptable
1 1 1 2 2 7
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-13 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Waste disposal/
Equipment handling
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
trapping, feeding, killing or
harassment of wildlife
Avoid disturbance to live
bird nests, reptiles and small
mammal holes during
seismic deep holes and
upholds drilling
Food wastes will not be left
in the open and shall be
buried
A minimum distance of 100
m to be maintained from the
canals and wetlands
Maintain compressors and
vehicles in good condition
Minimize time period of
operation near surface water
bodies (especially which are
breeding areas) by good
management practices
Monitor impacts of
individual project on wildlife
All the waste from site shall
be collected and properly
managed at campsite
Acceptable
2 2 2 3 3 12
‐ ‐
‐
Noise and vibration Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Minimize the use of horns by
project vehicles
The use of pressure horns
will not be allowed
Restrict movement of all
project vehicles and
personnel within work areas
All vehicles and equipment
shall be properly tuned and
maintained
Noise measurement shall be
carried out of all noisy
equipment and vehicles
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
Dust/ Exhaust
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Maintain vehicles in good
condition
Minimize dust emissions by
good management practices
Regulate vehicles speed
Vehicles to be properly tuned
Conduct emission
monitoring as per applicable
laws and regulations
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-14 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Waste management/
Handling of fuels,
oils and chemicals
Soil
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
No solid waste will be
disposed of in the field
Regularly check vehicles for
fuel and oil leaks
Use dedicated vehicle for fuel
and oil transfer
The soil contaminated from
minor and moderate spills
will be removed and sent to
waste contractor for
appropriate disposal e.g.
incineration or can be
disposed in accordance to the
best industrial guidelines
Acceptable
2 2 3 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
Loss of vegetation Soil
erosion/Public
grievance
N The Forest Act,
1927
Avoid cutting of trees
Prohibit use of local
vegetation as fuel
Contain crew personnel
within work areas
Camps shall be established in
existing cleared land
Acceptable
2 2 3 3 3 13
‐ ‐
‐
Resource utilization Water pollution/
Resource
depletion
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Prohibit use of water from
surface water bodies
Employ prudent water
conservation measures
Keep complete records of
water consumption during
project
Obtain water required for
seismic and construction
operation from local wells,
existing or new UEPL water
wells in the area
Water from a local well will
only be used after ensuring
that the available capacity at
the tube well (safe yield
minus local demand) is at
least 50% greater than the
project demand
Acceptable
2 3 2 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
Vehicular/Machinery
movement
Soil erosion/
Physical scarring
N Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Maintain photographic
records of all activities to
monitor any changes in soil
conditions
Regulate vehicles speed
Avoid off‐road travel
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
8 Waste
management
Improper disposal of
waste/Handling of
fuel, oil and
chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 Sindh
Dispose sewage generated at
the campsite in septic system
comprising of septic tanks
and soak pits
Acceptable
2 2 3 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-15 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Environmental
Quality Standard,
2016
Hazardous
Substance Rules,
2014
Dispose wastewater from
laundry, kitchen washings,
and showers into separate
soak pits
Build soak pits in absorbent
soil
Ensure that the soak pits
remain covered all the time
and measures are taken to
prevent entry of rainwater
into them
Design soak pits to
accommodate wastewater
generated during the total
duration of the operation
In case the soak pits get filled
during the operation, grey
water will be transferred and
disposed in nearest
municipal drains with prior
approval of concerned
authorities
Sprinkling of wastewater will
not be allowed
No solid waste will be
disposed of in the field
Recycle non‐combustible
waste
Burry all food waste properly
and shall not be left in open
Send combustible (except
food waste) to waste
contractor
Wash vehicles in designated
areas within campsite
Check vehicles for fuel or oil
leaks
All fuel and oil storage areas
will have a concrete pad
underneath to prevent soil
contamination in case of
leaks or spills
All fuel tanks will be
properly marked to highlight
their contents
Fuel and oil storage areas
will have secondary
containment in the form of
concrete or brick masonry
bunds
Use dedicated vehicles for
fuel and oil transfer
operations
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-16 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Use drip pans to avoid drips
and spills
Check fuel tanks for leaks
The soil contaminated from
minor and moderate spills
will be removed and sent to
waste contractor for
appropriate disposal e.g.
incineration or can be
disposed of in accordance to
the best industrial guidelines
A spill prevention and
contingency plan will be
prepared to deal with
moderate and major spills
Ensure provisions for proper
fuel and oil, storage and
handling
Recycle used oil and vehicle
related waste
Bentonite mud used for the
purpose of uphold and deep
holes drilling will be
prepared in rig tank
Restore upholds and deep
holes
Incinerate all medical wastes
Maintain generators,
compressors and vehicles in
good condition
Minimize dust emissions by
good management practices
9 Community
issues
Vegetation clearing/
Loss of standing
crops
Soil
erosion/Public
grievance
N The Forest Act,
1927
Manage and maintain a
community complaints
register
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigation related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
UEPL contractors will
employ local residents
during the project activities
Water sources currently
being used for irrigation by
the resident communities
will be exploited only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Local sources of drinking
water will be used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-17 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description
of Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s,
wildlife or natural
f?
Is there the potential to
create an
environmental
libili
?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the
Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the
Size or
Nature of
the
scenario
present an environment
issue in its
own right?
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
Environmental
Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required
for Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Flow of water in canal or
water crossings will not be
impeded
Repair any damage caused
by project activities to canals,
watercourses, local roads or
other infrastructure
Strict compliance will be
observed to UEPL HSE
guidelines
Train drivers in responsible
and safe driving practices
Inform local communities
about the progress of various
project activities
Respect cultural norms
Provide appropriate offsets
from sites of religious,
cultural or archaeological
significance
10 Restoration General Public grievances/
Wildlife
protection/Waste
management/
Safety hazards
N Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Restore soak pits after project
completion
Ensure that after restoration
activities the campsite is
clean and that no refuse has
been left behind
Remove all concrete
structures
Remove all pin flags, signs,
and refuse from seismic lines
Restore upholds and deep
holes
Acceptable
1 2 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
11 Explosive
Camp
Construction
General Public grievances/
Wildlife
Protection/Waste
management/
Safety hazards
N Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Excavation as per
requirement, material for its
restoration Ensure distance
from local population and
wildlife
Restore properly with same
excavated material
Acceptable
1 2 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
N = Normal; A = Abnormal; E = Emergency
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-18 HPK
Table C‐3: Environmental Aspect Register for Drilling and Associated Construction Activities
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
1 Land acquisition Vegetation clearing/
Loss of standing crops
Public grievances N Land Acquisition
Act, 1894
Equitable disbursement of
compensation amounts as per
mutual agreement of both
parties
Manage and maintain a
community complaints register
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
2 Equipment and
crew
mobilization and
demobilization
Dust and vehicular
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Regulate and monitor vehicles
speed
Maintain vehicles in a good
condition
Avoid off‐road travel
Conduct vehicle and
equipment emission testing
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Noise and vibration Noise pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
The use of pressure horns will
not be allowed
Conduct noise monitoring of
noise emitting vehicle and
equipment
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Driving Practices Safety hazards –
locals
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial Motor
Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance, 2002
Train drivers in responsible
and safe driving practices
Observe and maintain
minimum/safe distances from
local communities
Avoid night travelling unless
required in case of an
emergency
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
3 Construction/
Improvement of
access tracks
Land clearing Soil erosion N EIA/EMP
Commitments
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or improvements
will be kept to a minimum
Restrict movement of
personnel and construction
equipment to work areas only
Maintain photographic records
of all activities to monitor any
changes and soil conditions
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel
Avoid off‐road travel
Maximize usage of existing
tracks
Access track to the well site
will be properly compacted
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-19 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Handling of fuel, oil
and chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Vehicles will be daily checked
for fuel or oil leaks
Fuel and oil transfer operations
will be done using a dedicated
fuel vehicle
Drip pans will be used to
avoid drips and spills
Concrete pad will be
constructed for refuelling of
vehicles at drilling site
Procedure for transfer of fuel
or oil shall be developed and
implemented
Oil spill drill will be carried
out on regular interval to cater
with emergency situation
Acceptable
2 1 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
Use of horns/
Improperly
maintained machinery
and vibration
Noise Pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
Use of pressure horns will not
be allowed
Properly maintain vehicles and
construction equipment
Restrict all project vehicles and
personnel within work areas
Conduct noise monitoring
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Dust and vehicular
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Regulate and monitor vehicles
speed
Minimize dust emissions by
employing good management
practices
Avoid off‐road travel
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Sprinkling to be carried out to
avoid dust emission
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Loss of vegetation Soil erosion/
Damage to habitat
N The Forest Act, 1927 Minimize vegetation clearance
Prohibit use of local vegetation
as fuel
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Width of the access track to the
well site will not exceed 5.5 m
Width of existing tracks
development or improvements
will be minimized
Avoid clearing of trees
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas with
dense vegetation
Acceptable
2 2 3 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-20 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Land acquisition for
access tracks, well site
and campsite
Loss of habitat N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Avoid clearing of trees
Use single approved track
during construction
Width of the access track to the
well site will not exceed 5.5 m
Minimize total land uptake by
access roads, well sites and
campsites
Width of existing tracks
development or improvements
will be minimized
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas with
dense vegetation
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
Driving practices/
Resource utilization
Safety hazards and
disturbance to
communities
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial Motor
Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance, 2002
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigation related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
Manage and maintain a
community complaints register
Local sources of drinking
water will be used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Repair or compensate any
damage caused by project
activities to local infrastructure
Observe strict compliance with
UEPL HSE guidelines
Project staff to respect all
cultural norms
Provide offsets will from sites
of religious, cultural or
archaeological significance
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
Vegetation clearing/
Vehicular movement
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
trapping, killing, feeding or
harassment of wildlife
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or improvement
will be minimized
Select routes with minimum
vegetation clearing
Avoid dense patches of
vegetation
Maintain construction vehicles
and equipment
Minimize time period of
operation near surface water
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 3 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-21 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
bodies (especially which are
breeding areas)
Monitor impacts of the
individual project on wildlife
species
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas with
dense vegetation
Avoid night travelling unless
required in case of an
emergency
4 Camp & well
site construction/
Establishment/
Operation
Vegetation clearing Soil erosion/
Physical scarring
N The Forest Act, 1927 Minimize vegetation clearing
Avoid cutting of trees
Locate well site and campsites
in existing clearing and on
levelled land
Avoid cut and fill as much as
possible
Minimize total land uptake by
the well site and camps
Maintain photographic records
of all activities to monitor any
changes in soil conditions
Stockpiles will be located
downwind during well site
construction
Campsites will be located
outside the boundaries of areas
with dense vegetation
Acceptable
2 1 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Waste management/
Handling of fuels, oils
and chemicals
Soil/Water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Dispose sewage generated at
the campsite in septic system
comprising of septic tanks and
soak pits
Dispose wastewater from
laundry, kitchen washings and
showers into separate soak pits
Build soak pits in absorbent
soil
Keep septic system at
minimum distances of 300 m
from surface water sources or
groundwater wells
Design and construct soak pits
to prevent surface runoff
Design soak pits to
accommodate wastewater
generated during the total
duration of the operation
In case the soak pits get filled
during the operation, grey
water will be transferred and
disposed into the nearest
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-22 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
municipal drains with the
prior approval of concerned
authorities
Sprinkling of wastewater will
not be allowed
Solid wastes at the campsite
will be stored temporarily on
site for onward supply to a
waste contractor
Burning of waste will not be
allowed
Wash vehicles in designated
areas within campsite
Regularly check vehicles for
fuel or oil leaks
All fuel and oil storage areas
will have a concrete pad
underneath to prevent soil
contamination in case of leaks
or spills
All fuel tanks will be properly
marked to highlight their
contents
Fuel and oil storage areas will
have secondary containment in
the form of concrete or brick
masonry bunds
Ensure provisions for proper
fuel and oil storage and
handling
Ensure preparation of a spill
prevention and contingency
plan
Ensure provisions of a HDPE
liner for the waste pits at the
well site
Dust/Exhaust
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Maintain vehicles and
equipment in good condition
Select well site and campsite
locations at least 300 m away
from communities
Employ good management
practice to minimize dust
emissions
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Use of horns/
Improperly
maintained machinery
Noise and
vibration
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Ensure that generators,
vehicles and other potentially
noisy equipment are in good
condition
Select well site and campsite
locations at least 300 m away
from communities
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-23 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
Use of pressure horns will not
be allowed
Restrict all project vehicles and
personnel within work areas
Resource utilization Water pollution/
Resource depletion
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Use of water from surface
water bodies is prohibited
Employ prudent water
conservation measures
Keep complete records of
water consumption during
project
Obtain water required
construction and drilling
operation from local wells
(close to Irrigation canal),
existing or new UEPL water
wells in the area
Install (if required) new water
wells 300 m from existing local
wells
Abstract water from deep
aquifer
Water from a local well will
only be used after ensuring
that the available capacity at
the tube well (safe yield minus
local demand) is at least 50%
greater than the project
demand
Abstraction of water for
drilling operation, from
irrigation network will only be
used after getting approval
from irrigation department
Pay appropriate compensation
for the amount of water
abstracted to the well owners
Acceptable
2 3 2 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-24 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Noise and vibration/
Waste disposal
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
trapping, killing, feeding or
harassment of wildlife
Select campsite locations 300 m
from surface water body
Avoid clearing of dense
patches of vegetation
Food wastes will not be left in
the open and shall be buried
Maintain vehicles and
equipment in good condition
Monitor impacts of the
individual project on wildlife
species
Avoid night travel unless
required in case of an
emergency
Acceptable
2 3 3 3 3 14
‐ ‐
‐
5 Waste
management
Improper disposal of
waste/Handling of
fuel, oil & chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Dispose sewage generated in
septic system comprising
septic tanks and soak pits
Dispose wastewater from
laundry, kitchen washings and
showers into separate soak pits
Build soak pits in absorbent
soil
Ensure that the soak pits
remain covered all the time
and measures are taken to
prevent entry of rainwater into
them
Design soak pits to
accommodate wastewater
generated during the total
duration of the operation
In case the soak pits get filled
during the operation, grey
water will be transferred and
disposed into nearest
municipal drains with the
prior approval of concerned
authorities
Sprinkling of wastewater will
not be allowed
No solid waste will be
disposed of in the field
Recycle non‐combustible waste
Burry all food waste properly
Send combustible waste
(except food waste) to waste
contractor
Burning of waste will be
prohibited
Acceptable
2 1 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-25 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Wash vehicles in designated
areas within campsite
Check vehicles for fuel or oil
leaks
All fuel and oil storage areas
will have a concrete pad
underneath to prevent soil
contamination in case of leaks
or spills
All fuel tanks will be properly
marked to highlight their
contents
Fuel and oil storage areas will
have secondary containment in
the form of concrete or brick
masonry bunds
Use dedicated vehicles for fuel
and oil transfer operations
Use drip pans to avoid drips
and leaks
Check fuel tanks for leaks or
spills
The soil contaminated from
minor and moderate spills will
be removed and sent to waste
contractor for appropriate
disposal e.g. incineration or
can be disposed of in
accordance to the best
industrial guidelines
A spill prevention and
contingency plan will be
prepared to deal with
moderate and major spills
Ensure provisions for proper
fuel and oil, storage and
handling
Recycle used oil and vehicle
related waste
Incinerate all clinical wastes
Maintain vehicles and other
equipment in good condition
6 Community
issues
Land acquisition/
Vegetation clearing/
Loss of standing crops
Public grievances N The Forest Act, 1927 Manage and maintain a
community complaints register
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigations related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
UEPL contractors will employ
local residents during the
project activities
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-26 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Local residents living closest to
the project location will be
given priority in the
employment process subject to
company selection criteria
Groundwater sources
currently being used for
irrigation by the resident
communities will be exploited
only after complying with
relevant requirements of the
EIA/EMP
7 Fire and
explosion at
drilling rig
derrick
Release of raw gas
from wellhead during
drilling activity
Air pollution due
to burning flames
Land and water
contamination
from drilling mud
and hydraulic
fluids
E Oil & Gas Safety
Regulations, 1974
UEPL
Environmental
Management
Standard
Well Control System
Blowout Preventer are
installed in order to control the
back kick of raw natural gas
Acceptable
Evaluate Risk
4 B
Tolerable (if ALARP)
‐
Follow the site
emergency response
plan and emergency
drills as per routine
‐
8 Produced water
production
during testing
operation
Overflow from lined
pit due to high
produced water
production and high
rains
Soil erosion A Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Testing operation comprises
only of 2‐3 days operation
During that period, produced
water is sent to lined pit which
is big enough to handle
amounts of produced water
Even in case of high levels or
with chance of overflow,
produced water will be sent to
pit made for drill cuttings
Produced water can be re‐
injected into the deep
subsurface formations
wherever possible
Acceptable
1 2 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
9 Chemicals
storage at
drilling site
Spill of chemicals Land
contamination and
soil erosion
A Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Storing of chemicals in
secondary containments
Acceptable
Evaluate Risk
2 D
Tolerable (if
ALARP)
‐
Inspection of
secondary
Containment
‐
10 Diesel storage
and use at
drilling site
Fire due to ignition of
spilled diesel
Air Pollution
(NOx, SOx, Acid
rain, Global
warming)
E Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Spill control Plans
No smoking at site
Inspection of secondary
containments
SOP of diesel filling procedure
Acceptable
Evaluate Risk
2 D
Tolerable (if
ALARP)
‐
Training of staff at
site regarding Site
Emergency
Response Plans
‐
Diesel spill from diesel
storage tanks and
Land
contamination and
A Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Secondary containment
around diesel tank
Liner under the power engines
Acceptable
1 1 1 2 2 7
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-27 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Conditions (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
environment issue in its own
If >5 the
aspect is significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
from power
generation equipment
water aquifer
deterioration
Routine inspections
11 Use of mud
during drilling
operation
Loss of containment
from mud tanks and
circulation system
including pumps
Land
contamination/
Water aquifer
contamination
E Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
Mud control system
PM of mud pumps
Acceptable
Evaluate Risk
2 D
Low
‐ ‐
‐
12 Restoration General Public grievances/
Wildlife
protection/Waste
management/
Safety hazards
N Commitments in
EIA/EMP of
particular area
All pits at the well site and
campsite will be backfilled
Ensure that after restoration
activities the well site and
campsite is clean and that no
refuse has been left behind
Remove all concrete structures
In case of a dry well, access
track sections not in use will be
restored
In case of a producing well ,
well site and access roads will
be retained to support well
access works for testing and
other operational requirements
Wellhead for a producing well
will be enclosed by a lock steel
cage
In case of producing well,
retain construction pit areas for
producing wells but remove all
liquid waste from the site
Acceptable
1 2 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
N = Normal; A = Abnormal; E = Emergency
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-28 HPK
Table C‐4: Environmental Aspect Register for Laying of Flow Line/Tie‐in/Wellhead Works
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
1 Land acquisition Vegetation clearing/
Loss of standing crops
Public grievances N Land Acquisition
Act, 1894
Equitable disbursement of
compensation amounts for
land leased
Pay compensation amounts as
soon as possible
Loss of standing crops,
traditional land rights and
community ownership will be
given due consideration while
determining compensation
amounts
Compensation amounts will be
settled based on prevailing
market rates
Manage and maintain a
community complaints
register
Avoid settlements and
agriculture fields as far as
possible
Compensation amounts will be
settled after an agreement is
reached between the local
residents, company and local
administrator
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
2 Equipment and
crew
mobilization and
demobilization
Dust and vehicular
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Regulate and monitor vehicles
speed
Maintain vehicles in a good
condition
Avoid off‐road travel as much
as possible
Conduct vehicle and
equipment emission testing
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Noise and vibration Noise pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
The use of pressure horns will
not be allowed
Conduct noise monitoring of
noise emitting vehicles and
equipment
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Driving practices Safety hazards –
locals
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial Motor
Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance, 2002
Train drivers on responsible
and safe driving practices
Observe minimum distances
from local communities
Regulate and monitor vehicles
speed
Maintain vehicles in a good
condition
Avoid off‐road travel
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-29 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Conduct vehicle and
equipment emission testing
Vehicular/machinery
movement
Damage to local
infrastructure
N Commitments in
EIA/EMP
Minimize and control
unnecessary logistic activities
Regulate speed limits on local
roads subject to road condition
Observe height of overhead
electric/phone transmission
lines especially during
transportation of heavy
equipment
Properly manage
transportation of heavy
equipment and movement of
heavy traffic
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
3 Construction/
Improvement of
access tracks
Vegetation clearing/
Off‐road travel
Soil erosion/
Wildlife
disturbance
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance 1972 and
Amendments, 2001
Minimize vegetation clearing
and cutting of trees
Locate campsite and other
land acquired for flow line and
operation activities in existing
clearings (if possible) and on
levelled land
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Select routes of minimum
disturbances for development
of new tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or improvements
will be kept to a minimum
Restrict movement of
personnel and construction
equipment to work areas only
Maintain photographic records
of all activities to monitor any
changes and soil conditions
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel
Avoid off‐road travel as much
as possible
Maximize usage of existing
tracks
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
Handling of fuel and
oil
Soil and water
contamination
N Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Vehicles will be daily checked
for fuel or oil leaks
Fuel and oil transfer
operations will be done using
a dedicated fuel vehicle
Drip pans will be used to
avoid drips and spills
Procedure for transfer shall be
developed and implemented
Acceptable
2 1 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-30 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Use of horns/
Improperly
maintained machinery
Noise pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Ensure that generators,
bulldozers, vehicles and other
potentially noisy equipment is
in good condition
Select campsite locations at
least 300 m away from
communities
Minimize use of horns by
vehicles
Use of pressure horns will not
be allowed
Restrict all vehicles and
personnel within work areas
only
Conduct noise monitoring
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Dust and vehicular
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Regulate and monitor vehicles
speed
Minimize dust emissions by
employing good management
practices
Avoid off‐road travel as much
as possible
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Properly maintain vehicles and
equipment
Restrict all project vehicles and
personnel within work areas
only
Employ good management
practice to minimize dust
emissions
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Vegetation clearing/
Loss of standing crops
Soil erosion/Public
grievance
N The Forest Act,
1927
Minimize vegetation clearance
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or improvements
will be minimized
Avoid clearing of trees
Loss of standing crops,
traditional land rights and
community ownership will be
given due consideration while
determining compensation
amounts
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas with
dense vegetation
Minimize vegetation clearance
Prohibit use of local vegetation
as fuel
Acceptable
2 2 3 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-31 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Land clearing of
access track
Loss of habitat/
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Minimize total land uptake by
access roads
Width of existing tracks
development or improvements
will be minimized
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas with
dense vegetation
Avoid clearing of trees
Use single approved track
during construction
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
Driving practices/
Dust emissions
Safety hazards and
disturbance to
communities
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial Motor
Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance, 2002
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigation related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
Manage and maintain a
community complaint register
Repair any damage caused by
project activities to local
infrastructure by mutual
consensus
Observe strict compliance with
UEPL HSE guidelines
Project staff to respect all
cultural norms
Provide offsets from sites of
religious, cultural or
archaeological significance
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
Vehicular/Machinery
movement
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
killing, trapping, feeding or
harassment of wildlife
Minimize preparation of new
access tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or improvement
will be minimized
Select routes with minimum
vegetation clearing
Maintain construction vehicles
and equipment
If possible minimize time
period of operation in areas
where wildlife presence is
confirmed, especially reported
breeding areas
Access tracks should avoid
passing through the areas with
dense vegetation
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 3 11
‐ ‐
‐
4 Camp
construction/
Vegetation clearing/
Physical scarring
Soil erosion N The Forest Act,
1927
Minimize vegetation clearing
Avoid cutting of trees
Acceptable
2 1 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-32 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Establishment/
Operation
Locate campsites in existing
clearings and on levelled land
Minimize total land uptake by
the camps
Maintain photographic records
of all activities to monitor any
changes in soil conditions
Proper restoration will be done
after camp demobilization
Waste management/
Handling of fuel, oils
& chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Dispose sewage generated at
the campsite in septic system
comprising of septic tanks and
soak pits
Dispose wastewater from
laundry, kitchen washings and
showers into separate soak pits
Build soak pits in absorbent
soil
Ensure provision of grease pits
at kitchen drain outlets
Keep septic systems at
minimum distances of 300 m
from surface water sources or
groundwater wells
Design and construct soak pits
to prevent surface runoff
Design soak pits to
accommodate wastewater
generated during the total
duration of the operation
In case the soak pits get filled
during the operation, grey
water will be transferred to
nearest municipal drains with
prior approval of concerned
authorities
Solid wastes at the campsite
will be disposed of in waste
bins
Burning of waste will not be
allowed
Wash vehicles in designated
areas within campsite
Regularly check vehicles for
fuel or oil leaks
All fuel and oil storage areas
will have a concrete pad
underneath to prevent soil
contamination in case of leaks
or spills
All fuel tanks will be properly
marked to highlight their
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-33 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
contents
Fuel and oil storage areas will
have secondary containment in
the form of concrete or brick
masonry bunds
Ensure provisions for proper
fuel and oil storage and
handling
Dust/Exhaust
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Maintain vehicles and
equipment in good condition
Select campsite locations at
least 300 m away from
communities
Employ good management
practice to minimize dust
emissions
Carryout emission testing of
vehicles and equipment
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Use of horns/
Improperly
maintained machinery
& equipment
Noise and
vibration
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Ensure that generators,
vehicles and other potentially
noisy equipment are in good
condition
Select campsite locations at
least 300 m away from
communities
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
Use of pressure horns will not
be allowed
Restrict all project vehicles and
personnel within work areas
only
Maintenance of equipment and
machinery shall be carried out
on regular basis
Carryout noise monitoring of
noisy equipment
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Water abstraction/
Resource utilization
Water pollution/
Resource depletion
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Prohibit use of water from
surface water bodies
Under unavoidable conditions
(due to improper access for
water bowsers, long haul
distances or unavailability of
tube wells in the project area
etc.) water abstraction from
surface water body will be
allowed after getting a formal
approval from relevant
department
Employ prudent water
conservation measures
Keep complete records of
Acceptable
2 3 2 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-34 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
water consumption for camps
and operational usages
Install (if required) new water
wells 300 m from existing local
wells
Abstract water from deep
aquifer
Groundwater resources will
not be over exploited
Water from a local well will
only be used after ensuring
that the available capacity at
the tube well (safe yield minus
local demand) is at least 50%
greater than the project
demand
Utilization of water resources
that are in possession of local
owners shall be appropriately
compensated as per mutual
agreement of both parties
Waste disposal/Use of
machinery
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
killing, trapping, feeding or
harassment of wildlife
Food wastes will not be left in
the open
Food waste will be properly
buried in a bury pit
Maintain compressors and
vehicles in good condition
Acceptable
2 3 3 3 3 14
‐ ‐
‐
5 Clearing,
levelling and
excavation for
flow line right of
way (RoW)
Vegetation clearing/
Physical scarring
Soil erosion/
Damage to habitat
A The Forest Act,
1927
Minimize vegetation clearance
Avoid cutting of trees
Maintain photographic records
of all activities to monitor any
changes in soil conditions
Minimize disturbance to
natural topography and soils
Regulate and monitor vehicles
speed
Avoid off‐road travel as much
as possible
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 1 9
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-35 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Waste disposal/
Handling of fuel, oil
and chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
A Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Prohibit solid waste disposal
in the field
Regularly check vehicle for
fuel or oil leaks
Use a dedicated fuel vehicle
for fuel and oil transfer
operation
Use drip pans to avoid drips
and spills
Incineration or bioremediation
to treat soils contaminated
with oil spills
Acceptable
2 1 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Use of horns/
Improperly
maintained machinery
Noise and
vibration
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Minimize use of horns by
project vehicles
Maintain generators
construction machinery in
good condition
The use of pressure horns will
not be allowed
Restrict movement of
personnel and construction
equipment within work areas
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Dust/Exhaust
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Maintain vehicles in good
condition
Minimize dust emissions by
employing good management
practices
Carryout emission testing of
vehicle and equipment
Maintain safe distances from
sensitive environmental
receptors
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Vegetation clearing/
Loss of standing crops
Loss of habitat/
Public grievance
N The Forest Act,
1927
Minimize clearing of
vegetation
Prohibit use of local vegetation
as fuel by crew personnel
Avoid cutting of trees
Loss of standing crops,
traditional land rights and
community ownership will be
given due consideration while
determining compensation
amounts
Minimize width of flow line
right of the way
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 3 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-36 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Waste disposal/
Vehicular movement
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
killing, trapping, feeding or
harassment of wildlife
Minimize vegetation clearing
and land uptake
Avoid clearing of dense
patches of vegetation
Food wastes will not be left in
the open
Food waste will be properly
buried in a bury pit
Maintain vehicles in good
condition to reduce noise
Initiate activities with soft start
to allow time for wildlife
species to move away from the
project area
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 3 11
‐ ‐
‐
Driving practices/
Local resource
utilization
Safety hazards and
disturbance to
communities
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial Motor
Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance, 2002
Train drivers on mitigation
measures related to off‐road
travel and speed limits
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigation related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
Manage and maintain
community complaints
register
Local sources of drinking
water will be used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Repair any damage (if any)
caused by project activities to
local infrastructure by mutual
consensus
Observe strict compliance with
UEPL HSE guidelines
Project staff to respect cultural
norms
Provide offsets from sites of
religious, cultural or
archaeological significance
Maintain effective
communication channels with
local communities to inform
them about the progress of
various project activities
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-37 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
6 Flow line laying
(stringing,
welding etc.)/
Flow line
operation
Disturbance to
wildlife
Ecological
misbalance
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance, 1972
and Amendments,
2001
Prohibit hunting, fishing,
killing, trapping, feeding or
harassment of wildlife
Food wastes will not be left in
the open. Food waste will be
properly buried in a bury pit
Maintain compressors and
vehicles in good condition
Acceptable
2 3 3 3 3 14
‐ ‐
‐
Use of horns/
Machinery movement
Noise and
vibration
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 1997
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Minimize the use of horns by
project vehicles
The use of pressure horns will
not be allowed
Restrict movement of all
project vehicles and personnel
within work areas
Carryout noise monitoring of
noisy equipment and
machinery
Acceptable
2 2 2 3 3 12
‐ ‐
‐
Dust/Exhaust
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Maintain vehicles in good
condition
Minimize dust emissions by
good management practices
Regulate vehicles speed
Carryout emission testing of
vehicle and machinery
Maintain safe distances
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
Waste disposal/
Handling of fuel, oil
and chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
No solid waste will be
disposed of in the field
Regularly check vehicle for
fuel and oil leaks
Use dedicated vehicle for fuel
and oil transfer
Incineration or bioremediation
to treat soils contaminated
with oil spills
Waste management plan shall
be developed
oil/fuel transfer procedure
shall be developed and
implemented
Acceptable
2 2 3 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-38 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
Water abstraction/
Resource utilization
Water pollution/
Resource depletion
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Prohibit use of water from
surface water bodies
Under unavoidable conditions
(due to improper access for
water bowsers, long haul
distances or unavailability of
tube wells in the project area
etc.) water abstraction from
surface water body will be
allowed after getting a formal
approval from concerned
government department
Employ prudent water
conservation measures
Keep complete records of
water consumption for camps
and operational usages
Install (if required) new water
wells 300 m from existing local
wells
Abstract water from deep
aquifer
Groundwater resources will
not be over exploited
Water from a local well will
only be used after ensuring
that the available capacity at
the tube well (safe yield minus
local demand) is at least 50%
greater than the project
demand
Utilization of water resources
that are in possession of local
owners shall be appropriately
compensated as per mutual
agreement of both parties
Acceptable
2 3 2 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
7 Waste
management
Improper disposal of
waste/Handling of
fuel, oil & chemicals
Air, soil and water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act, 2014
Hazardous
Substances Rules,
2014
Sindh
Environmental
Quality Standards,
2016
Dispose sewage generated at
the campsite in septic systems
comprising septic tanks and
soak pits
Dispose wastewater from
laundry, kitchen washings and
showers into separate soak pits
Build soak pits in absorbent
soil
Construct soak pits to prevent
surface runoff entry
Design soak pits to
accommodate wastewater
generated during the total
duration of the operation
Ensure provision of grease pits
Acceptable
2 2 3 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-39 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
at kitchen drain outlets
In case the soak pits get filled
during the operation, grey
water will be transferred to
nearest municipal drains with
prior approval of concerned
authorities
No solid waste will be
disposed of in the field
Recycle non‐combustible
waste
Wash vehicles in designated
areas within campsite
Burning of waste will be
prohibited
Check vehicles for fuel or oil
leaks
All fuel and oil storage areas
will have a concrete pad
underneath with secondary
containment in the form of
concrete or brick masonry
bunds to prevent soil
contamination in case of leaks
or spills
All fuel tanks will be properly
marked to highlight their
contents
Use dedicated vehicles for fuel
and oil transfer operations
Use drip pans to avoid drips
and leaks
Incineration or bioremediation
to treat soils contaminated
with oil spills
A spill prevention and
contingency plan will be
prepared to deal with
moderate and major spills
Recycle used oil and vehicle
related waste
Incinerate all clinical wastes
Maintain generators,
compressors and vehicles in
good condition
Minimize dust emissions by
good management practices
Food wastes will not be left in
the open. Food waste will be
properly buried in a bury pit
8 Community
issues
Vegetation clearing/
Loss of standing crops
Soil erosion/Public
grievance
N The Forest Act,
1927
Manage and maintain a
community complaints
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-40 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
register
Disburse compensation
amounts in an equitable and
transparent manner
Pay compensation amounts as
soon as possible
Loss of standing crops,
traditional land rights and
community ownership will be
given due consideration while
determining compensation
amounts
Pay appropriate compensation
amounts
Comply with all EIA/EMP
mitigation related to waste,
noise and dust emissions
If there are opportunities,
ensure equitable and
transparent recruitment of
local unskilled labour during
different phases of the project
activities subject to company’s
selection criteria
Local residents living closest to
the project location will be
given priority in the
employment process
Local sources of drinking
water will be used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA/EMP
Flow of water in surface water
body will not be impeded
Strict compliance will be
observed to UEPL HSE
guidelines
Train drivers in responsible
and safe driving practices
A mechanism will be defined
to address the local
community grievances
appropriately
Project staff will respect
cultural norms
Provide appropriate offsets
from sites of religious, cultural
or archaeological significance
9 Restoration General Public grievances/
Wildlife
protection/Waste
N Restore soak pits after project
completion
Ensure that after restoration
activities the campsite is clean
Acceptable
1 2 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-41 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect – Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy
Impacts Significance Evaluation Questions Risk
(only evaluated for accident
scenarios)
Management
Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect
(source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition (Threat) Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
or natural features?
Is there the potential to
create an environmental
liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
reputation?
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an env
issue in its own right?
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
EnvironmentalRisk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For
Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions
Required for
Significant
Environmental
Aspects
management/
Safety hazards
and that no refuse has been left
behind
Remove all concrete structures
Avoid using local fuel wood
N = Normal; A = Abnormal; E = Emergency
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-42 HPK
Table C‐5: Environmental Aspect Register for Hydrocarbon Processing Facility (GPF/CPP)
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
1 Land
acquisition
Loss of
vegetation/crops/
trees
Public
grievances
N Land
Acquisition
Act, 1894
Compensation as per
mutual agreement
Acceptable 2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
2 Equipment and
crew
mobilization
and
demobilization
Dust and
vehicular
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 (Sindh
Environmental
Quality
Standard, 2016)
Regulate and monitor
vehicles speed
Maintain vehicles in a
good condition
Avoid off‐road travel
Maintain safe distances
from communities
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Noise and
vibration
Noise
pollution
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 (Sindh
Environmental
Quality
Standard, 2016)
Minimize use of horns
by project vehicles
The use of pressure
horns will not be
allowed
Reduce speed while
passing close to
settlements
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Driving practices Safety hazards
‐ locals
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial
Motor Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance,
2002
Train drivers in
responsible and safe
driving practices
Observe minimum
distances from local
communities
Night travelling will
only be done after
getting approval from
HSEO
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
3 Construction/
Improvement of
access tracks
Land clearing Soil
erosion/loss of
habitat/loss of
vegetation
N Land
Acquisition
Act, 1894
Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance,
1972 and
Amendments
2001
Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Use of existing track as
much as possible to
minimize preparation of
new access track
Width of existing track
development or
improvements will be
kept to a minimum
Restrict movement of
personnel and
construction equipment
to work areas
Maintain photographic
records of all activities to
monitor any changes
and soil conditions
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-43 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
Train drivers on
mitigation measures
related to off‐road travel
Avoid off‐road travel
Access track to the
GPF/CPP will be
properly compacted
Handling of fuel,
oils and
chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Hazard
Substances
Rules, 2014
Vehicles will be daily
checked for fuel or oil
leaks
Fuel and oil transfer
operations will be done
using a dedicated fuel
vehicle
Drip pans will be used
to avoid drips and spills
Acceptable
2 1 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
Use of
horn/improperly
maintained
machinery
Noise
pollution
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 (Sindh
Environmental
Quality
Standard, 2016)
Minimize use of horns
by project vehicles
Use of pressure horns
will not be allowed
Properly maintain
vehicles and
construction equipment
Restrict all project
vehicles and personnel
within work areas
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Dust and
vehicular
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 (Sindh
Environmental
Quality
Standard, 2016)
Regulate and monitor
vehicles speed
Minimize dust emissions
by employing good
management practices
Avoid off‐road travel
Sprinkle water where
necessary
Train drivers on
mitigation measures
related to off‐road travel
and speed limits
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Driving
practices/resource
utilization
Safety hazards
and
disturbance to
communities
N Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1969 or
Provincial
Motor Vehicles
(Amendment)
Ordinance,
2002
Train drivers on
mitigation measures
related to off‐road travel
and speed limits
Comply with all
EIA/EMP mitigation
related to waste, noise
and dust emissions
Acceptable
1 2 1 2 2 8
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-44 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
Manage and maintain a
community complaints
register
Local sources of
drinking water will be
used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA
Observe strict
compliance with UEPL
HSE guidelines
Project staff to respect all
cultural norms
Provide offsets from
sites of religious,
cultural or
archaeological
significance
Vehicular
movement
Disturbance to
wildlife/loss of
vegetation
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance,
1972 and
Amendments
2001
Prohibit hunting,
fishing, trapping or
harassment of wildlife
Minimize preparation of
new access tracks
Width of existing tracks
development or
improvements will be
kept to a minimized
Select routes with
minimum vegetation
clearing
Avoid dense patches of
vegetation
Maintain construction
vehicles and equipment
Minimize time period of
operation near dhands
(especially which are
breeding areas) and
canals
Monitor impacts of the
individual projects on
wildlife species
Access tracks should
avoid passing through
the areas with dense
vegetation
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 3 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-45 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
4 Camp/GPF/CPP
expansion,
establishment
and operation
Vegetation
clearing
Soil erosion/
Physical
scarring
N The Forest Act,
1927 Minimize vegetation
clearing
Avoid cutting of trees
Locate campsites in
existing clearing and on
levelled land
Minimize total land
uptake by campsite and
GPF/CPP
Maintain photographic
records of all activities to
monitor any changes in
soil conditions
Acceptable
2 1 2 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Waste
management
/handling of fuel,
oils and
chemicals
Soil/Water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Hazardous
Substance
Rules, 2014
Sewage Treatment Plant
(STP) shall be preferred
for handling of
black/grey water under
BATNEEC/BAT, but in
case of unavailability of
STP, septic tank and
soak pits shall be
provided. Septic tank
and soak pit shall be
covered properly to
avoid any bad smell in
surrounding areas
Sprinkling of grey water
will not be allowed; in
case the septic tank gets
filled with sludge, septic
tank shall be emptied
through vacuum truck
and material shall be
transferred to treatment
facility or approved
municipal drain
Produced water
separated at GPF shall
be re‐injected to
reservoir through deep
well injection (first
priority).
However it can be sent
to lined E‐Pond if no
technical feasible
options are available
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-46 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
Solid wastes at the
campsite and GPF/CPP
will be disposed of in
waste bins
Wash vehicles in
designated areas within
campsite
Regularly check vehicles
for fuel or oil leaks
All fuel and oil storage
areas will have a
concrete pad underneath
to prevent soil
contamination in case of
leaks or spills
All fuel tanks will be
properly marked to
highlight their contents
Fuel and oil storage
areas will have
secondary containment
in the form of concrete
or brick masonry bunds
Ensure provision for
proper fuel and oil
storage and handling
Ensure preparation of a
spill prevention and
contingency plan
Ensure provisions of a
HDPE liner for the waste
pits at the campsite and
GPF/CPP
Dust/Exhaust
emissions
Air pollution N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 (Sindh
Environmental
Quality
Standard, 2016)
Maintain vehicles and
equipment in good
condition
Select campsite locations
at least 300 m away from
communities
Employ good
management practice to
minimize dust emissions
Regular monitoring of
GPF/CPP point source
emissions to ensure
compliance with SEQS
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-47 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
Use of
horns/improper
maintained
machinery
Noise and
vibration
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Ensure that generators,
vehicles and other
potentially noisy
equipment are in good
condition
Select campsite locations
at least 300 m away from
communities
Randomly monitor noise
levels at nearest
receptors. Also consult
communities regarding
disturbance due to noise
and vibration
Minimize use of horns
by project vehicles
Use of pressure horns
will not be allowed
Restrict all project
vehicles and personnel
within work areas
Use noise barriers if
required
Acceptable
2 2 1 2 2 9
‐ ‐
‐
Resource
utilization
Resource
depletion/
water
pollution
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014
Prohibit use of water
from surface water
bodies
Employ prudent water
conservation measures
Keep complete records
of water consumption
during project
construction and
operation
Obtain water required
for project activities
from local wells, existing
or new UEPL water
wells in the area
Install (if required) new
water wells 300 m from
existing local wells
Abstract water from
deep aquifer
Water from a local well
will only be used after
ensuring that the
Acceptable
2 3 2 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-48 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
available capacity at the
tube well (safe yield
minus local demand) is
at least 50% greater than
the project demand
Water from dhands will
not be used
Minimize fuel
consumption, encourage
conservation techniques
Noise and
vibration/waste
disposal
Disturbance to
wildlife
N Sindh Wildlife
Protection
Ordinance,
1972 and
Amendments
2001
Prohibit hunting,
fishing, trapping or
harassment of wildlife
Food wastes will not be
left in the open
Maintain vehicles and
equipment in good
condition
Night travelling will
only be done after
getting approval from
HSEO
Acceptable
2 3 3 3 3 14
‐ ‐
‐
5 Waste
management
Improper
disposal of waste/
handling of fuel,
oil and chemicals
Soil and water
contamination
N Sindh
Environmental
Protection Act,
2014 (Sindh
Environmental
Quality
Standard, 2016)
Dispose sewage
generated in septic
systems comprising of
septic tanks and soak
pits
Dispose wastewater
from laundry, kitchen
washings, and showers
directly into soak pits
Build soak pits in
absorbent soil
Ensure that the storage
soak pits remain covered
all the time and
measures are taken to
prevent entry of
rainwater into them
Design soak pits to
accommodate
wastewater generated
during the total duration
of the operation
In case the soak pits get
filled during the
Acceptable
2 2 3 2 2 11
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-49 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
operation, grey water
will be transferred to
nearest municipal drains
with prior approval of
concerned authorities
Produced water
separated at GPF/CPP
shall be re‐injected to
reservoir through deep
well injection (first
priority).
However it can be sent
to lined E‐Pond if no
technical feasible
options are available
No solid waste will be
disposed of in the field
Recycle non‐combustible
waste
Burning waste will not
be allowed
Wash vehicles in
designated areas within
campsite
Check vehicles for fuel
or oil leaks
All fuel and oil storage
areas will have a
concrete pad underneath
to prevent soil
contamination in case of
leaks or spills
All fuel tanks will be
properly marked to
highlight their contents
Fuel and oil storage
areas will have
secondary containment
in the form of concrete
or brick masonry bunds
Use dedicated vehicles
for fuel and oil transfer
operations
Use drip pans to avoid
drips and oil stains
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-50 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
Check fuel tanks for
leaks
The soil contaminated
from minor and
moderate spills will be
removed and sent to
waste contractor for
appropriate disposal e.g.
incineration
A spill prevention and
contingency plan will be
prepared to deal with
moderate and major
spills
Ensure provision of
proper fuel and oil,
storage and handling
Recycle used oil and
vehicles related waste
Incinerate medical waste
in a medical waste
incineration facility
Maintain vehicles and
other equipment in good
condition
Minimize dust emissions
by good management
practices
Food wastes will not be
left in the open
Ensure provision of a
HDPE liner for the waste
pits at the campsite and
GPF/CPP
6 Community
issues
Land acquisition/
Vegetation clearing/
Loss of standing
crops
Public
grievances N As per
commitments
of EIA/EMP
UEPL Community
Representative will deal
with community to
address their stances
A mechanism will be
defined to address the
local community
grievances appropriately
Manage and maintain
community complaints
register
Acceptable
2 2 2 2 2 10
‐ ‐
‐
EIA for Exploration and Associated Development Activities in Kotri North Block, Sindh
OCTOBER 2019 C-51 HPK
No
Detailed Description of the Aspect ‐ Impact
Existing Controls and their Adequacy Impacts Significance Evaluation
Questions
Risk (only evaluated for
accident scenarios)
Management Attention
Actions
Description of
Aspect (source‐
pathway‐
receptor)
Condition
(Threat)
Impact
(Consequence) N/A/E
Applicable
Legislation
Control Measures
(Engineered and
Management)
Control
Measure
Status
Comments
What is the regulatory
status?
Is there the potential to
endan
ger human
s, w
ildlife
Is there the potential to
create an env liability?
Is there the potential to
dam
age the Compan
y’s
Does the Size or Nature of
the scenario present an
If >5 the
aspect is
significant
Evaluate
Environmental Risk
Consequence
Frequency
Risk
For Normal
and
Abnormal
Events
For
Accident
Scenarios
Actions Required for
Significant Environmental
Aspects
Comply with all
EIA/EMP mitigation
related to waste, noise
and dust emissions
Groundwater sources
currently being used by
the resident
communities will be
exploited only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA
Local sources of
drinking water will be
used only after
complying with relevant
requirements of the EIA
Strict compliance will be
observed to UEPL HSE
guidelines
Respect cultural norms
Provide appropriate
offsets from sites of
religious, cultural or
archaeological
significance
N = Normal; A = Abnormal; E = Emergency