Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 1
PresentationsPresentations
• Typically made to a small group of decision makers– Briefings or status reports– Budget or project proposals– Selling to groups of clients or
customers
• Versus - A public speech
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 2
AA FourFour-Step Process-Step Process
Flow of the Message
Plan
Step 1
Plan
Step 1
Construct
Step 2
Construct
Step 2
Deliver
Step 3
Deliver
Step 3
Substance of the Message
Evaluate
Step 4
Evaluate
Step 4
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 3
Step 1:Step 1:Planning the PresentationPlanning the Presentation
Determine thePurpose
Determine thePurpose
Analyze theAudience
Analyze theAudience
Gather theGather theInformationInformationGather theGather theInformationInformation
Adapt theMessage
Adapt theMessage
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 4
Get to know your Get to know your audienceaudience
• Perform an audience analysis– Know something about who you’ll speak to
• Age• Education• Personal beliefs• Occupation• Income• Socio-economic status• Ethnic origin• Sex/gender• Knowledge of the subject• Attitude toward the subject
– Know why people listen
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 5
Learn what you can Learn what you can about the occasion for about the occasion for
your talkyour talk• Some occasions are polite, informal
• Some occasions are formal
• Others require that a theme be incorporated into your speech
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 6
Common PurposesCommon Purposesof Business of Business
PresentationsPresentations
InformInform
MotivateMotivate
PersuadePersuade
EntertainEntertain
Examples?
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 7
Step 2:Step 2:ConstructingConstructing thethe
PresentationPresentation
Step 2:Step 2:ConstructingConstructing thethe
PresentationPresentation
Audience
Audience
Pu
rpo
seP
urp
os
e
Organizethe Message
Organizethe Message
Compose the Body
Compose the Body
Create theIntroductionCreate the
Introduction
Write theConclusionWrite the
Conclusion
Do Task 1
Do Task 2
Do Task 3
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 8
Organizing the MessageOrganizing the Message
Define the Main IdeaDefine the Main IdeaDefine the Main IdeaDefine the Main Idea
Limit the ScopeLimit the ScopeLimit the ScopeLimit the Scope
Prepare the OutlinePrepare the OutlinePrepare the OutlinePrepare the Outline
Choose your StyleChoose your Style
Audience Purpose
Purpose Audience
Message MessageChoose the ApproachChoose the ApproachChoose the ApproachChoose the Approach
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 9
• Positive:– Warm– Friendly– Interesting– Organized– Confident– Open– Honest– Exciting– Knowledgeable– Creative– Inspiring– Authentic
• Negative– Pompous– Unenergized– Patronizing– Formal;– Stuffy– Closed– Vague– Complex– Unsure– Irrelevant– Monotonous– Nervous
Speaking Styles: What’s Speaking Styles: What’s Yours?Yours?
Speaking Styles: What’s Speaking Styles: What’s Yours?Yours?
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 10
ArouseInterest
PreviewPreview of of the thePresentationPresentation
BuildBuildCredibilityCredibility
Creating theCreating theIntroductionIntroduction
Do Task 1
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 11
Arouse the audience!Arouse the audience!
• Humor • An anecdote• A prediction• A dramatic forecast• A striking example• A climactic moment• A suitable quotation
• A reference to the occasion
• A provocative question• A description• A statement of opinion• Current or recent events• A challenging statement
Listen to the tape
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 12
Limit theLimit theMain PointsMain Points
Engage theEngage theAudienceAudience
Connect theConnect theIdeasIdeas
Composing Composing the Messagethe Message
Select a Select a Speech StructureSpeech Structure
Do Task 2
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 13
Structuring the BODYStructuring the BODY• Classic format• Past-Present-Future• Chronological order• Topical organization• Cause-and-effect• Problem-solution• Geographic• Spatial
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 14
Classic FormatClassic FormatA. Opening
1. Captures audience attention2. Leads into speech topic
B. Body1. First point
a. Statement of factb. Supporting material or illustration
2. Second pointa. Statement of factb. Supporting material or illustration
3. Third Pointa. Statement of factb. Supporting material or illustration
C. Conclusion1. Review or summary2. Call to action or memorable statement
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 15
Past, Present, FuturePast, Present, Future
• There was a time when …..
• But today things have changed …..
• As we look into the future…..
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 16
Restate theRestate theMain PointsMain Points
Close theClose thePresentationPresentation
Describe theDescribe theNext StepsNext Steps
Writing theWriting theConclusionConclusion
Do Task 3
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 17
You should be prepared You should be prepared to answer 7 basic to answer 7 basic
questionsquestions1. Do you know something I need to know
2. Can I trust you?
3. Am I comfortable with you?
4. How can you affect me?
5. What’s my experience with you?
6. Are you reasonable?
7. Who do you represent?
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 18
Support your ideas with Support your ideas with credible evidencecredible evidence
• Support your talk with current, believable, easy-to-understand evidence.
• Begin with your own experience, knowledge, and interests.
• Consider new ideas, information, techniques
• Talk to experts if possible in addition to getting support material from other sources
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 19
Completing the Completing the PresentationPresentation
Completing the Completing the PresentationPresentation
EvaluateEvaluatethe Messagethe Message
EvaluateEvaluatethe Messagethe Message
Edit theEdit theContentContentEdit theEdit theContentContent
DevelopDevelopVisual AidsVisual Aids
DevelopDevelopVisual AidsVisual Aids
This is another
workshop!
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 20
Step 3:Step 3:Select a Delivery ApproachSelect a Delivery Approach
Step 3:Step 3:Select a Delivery ApproachSelect a Delivery Approach
MemorizMemorized ed PresentationPresentationMemorizMemorized ed PresentationPresentation
ImpromptuImpromptuSpeakingSpeaking
ImpromptuImpromptuSpeakingSpeaking
Manuscript Manuscript DeliveryDelivery
Manuscript Manuscript DeliveryDelivery
SpeakingSpeakingFrom NotesFrom NotesSpeakingSpeaking
From NotesFrom Notes
Audience
Audience
Su
bje
ct M
atter
Su
bje
ct
Ma
tter
ExtemporaneousExtemporaneousSpeakingSpeaking
ExtemporaneousExtemporaneousSpeakingSpeakingThe Gold Standard
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 21
Put Butterflies in Put Butterflies in FormationFormation
PreparePrepareExtra MaterialExtra Material
PreparePrepareExtra MaterialExtra Material
VisualizeVisualizeSuccessSuccessVisualizeVisualizeSuccessSuccess
Know the roomKnow the roomKnow the roomKnow the room
RehearseRehearseRehearseRehearse
Take a FewTake a FewDeep BreathsDeep BreathsTake a FewTake a Few
Deep BreathsDeep Breaths
Know the Know the audienceaudienceKnow the Know the audienceaudience
ThinkThinkPositivelyPositively
ThinkThinkPositivelyPositively
Be ReadyBe ReadyBe ReadyBe Ready
Concentrate on Concentrate on The messageThe message
Concentrate on Concentrate on The messageThe message
GetGetComfortableComfortable
GetGetComfortableComfortable
Prepare simple Prepare simple outlineoutline
Prepare simple Prepare simple outlineoutline Don’t apologizeDon’t apologizeDon’t apologizeDon’t apologize
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 22
Tips for TeamsTips for Teams
• Select a team leader with an aptitude for oral presentations
• List team member responsibilities• Standard format for visuals• Rehearse as a team• Prepare and practice introductions
and transitions• Prepare as a team for Q&A
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 23
Before you speak, check:Before you speak, check:
• Date, time, location• Room layout• Microphone and
Acoustics• Visual Aids• Stage
• Time limits• Lectern• Notes• Lights• Try it out
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 24
Step 4:Step 4:Evaluate your presentationEvaluate your presentation
• What did you do well?• What aspects of the
presentation, content or delivery were ineffective?
• What feedback have you received from the audience?
• Ask someone to evaluate you before the presentation!
Effective Oral Presentations Speaking 25
• Malaspina’s International Marketing Director is to give a 20-minute presentation to Beijing students attending an Overseas Education Fair.
1. Indicate your primary speech purpose2. In pairs, develop:
• Intro using one of the methods illustrated. Illustrate using the 3 requirements of Creating Introductions
• Develop 1 point of persuasion. A statement of fact with supporting illustration
• Write the conclusion
3. Let’s develop a draft of a speech!