Effective Institutional Arrangements:
Policy and Regulatory Framework for
DRR Mainstreaming into National Development
Planning and Financing: Indonesian Experience
Dr. Suprayoga Hadi ([email protected]) Deputy Minister for Resources Development
Ministry of Disadvantaged Region, Republic of Indonesia
Regional Conference on Strategies and Tools for Integrating Disaster Risk Reductioninto Development Planning and Financing
Organized by UN-ESCAPBangkok, Thailand, 6 February 2015
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
MINISTRY OF RURAL, DISADVANTAGED REGION AND TRANSMIGRATION
Disater Management Law
No. 24 / 2007
The role of National and Local Governments
Establishment of National and local disaster management agencies
Roles and Responsibility of Community in DM
Roles of Private sectors and International in DM
DM Implementation: pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster
Funding and Relief Assistance Management
Controlling, Monitoring & Evaluation of DM implementation
1. DRR mainstreaming is a national priority along with environmental
management
2. Direction to strengthen capacity in national and local level
3. DRR is to be considered in spatial and environmental development
4. Encouragement of community participation in DM and DRR
DRR IN PLANNING DOCUMENTS
DRR has been set as one of national development priorities within
Government Annual Working Plan since 2007
DRR activities for 2010-2012 involving 24 central government line
ministries/institutions
General Overview of Disaster, Problems, Challenges and Opportunities;
Disaster Management Policy, Program, Budget and Financing, Monitoring,
Evaluation and Reporting
3
Long-term
(20 Years)
(NLTDP – Spatial Plan)
Medium-term
(5 Years)
(Nat MTDP – DMP)
Strategic Plan
(5 years)
NAP/LAP DRR
(3 Years)Annual Plan
Na
tio
na
lP
rov
inci
al
Ko
ta /
Ka
bu
pa
ten
NATIONAL MTDP
PROVINCIAL MTDP
DISTRICT MTDP
National Action
Plan (NAP) DRR
Strategic Plan of
Line Ministries
t Annual National Gov’t Annual
Work Plan
Line Ministry
Work plan
NATONAL LTDP
PROVINCIAL LTDP
District/ Municipal District/ Municipal
LTDP
NATIONAL Spatial
Plan
PROVINCIAL
Spatial Plan
Diistrict/
Plan
Diistrict/
Municipal Spatial
Plan
District/MunicipalD
Management Plan
District/MunicipalD
isaster
Management Plan
Local Management
Disaster Plan
Provincial Action
Plan DRR
Strategic Plan of
Provincial Line
Agencies
Provincial Annual
Work Plan
Provincial Line
Agency Work
Plan
District/Municipal
Action Plan DRR
Strategic Plan of
District/Municipal
Line Agencies
District/Mun. Annual
Work Plan
District/Mun.
Line Agency
Work Plan
National Disaster
Management Plan
Disaster Management and DRR in Local and National
Planning System
Disaster Management and DRR in Local and National
Planning System
4
11 National Priority in MTDP
(RPJMN) 2010-2014:
DRR Mainstreamed into National Priority and Various
Development Sectors within the Medium-term
Development Plan (MTDP) 2010 - 2014 and 2015-2019
DRR Mainstreamed into National Priority and Various
Development Sectors within the Medium-term
Development Plan (MTDP) 2010 - 2014 and 2015-2019
1. Government and Governance
Reform
2. Education
3. Health
4. Poverty Reduction
5. Food Security
6. Infrastructure
7. Investment and Business
8. Energy
9. Environment and Disaster
Management
10. Disadvantaged, Border, Outer
Islands, and Post-conflict Regions
11. Culture, Creativity and Technology
Innovation
5
9 National Priority Agenda in MTDP
(RPJMN) 2015-2019:
1. Protecting the People and the Nation
2. Promoting Good Governance
3. Strengthening Rural, Local and Regional
Development
4. Promoting Law Enforcement and
Combating Corruption
5. Enhancing People Welfare
6. Promoting Local productivity and
international competitiveness
7. Promoting domestic economic self-
sustainability
• Environment protection and disaster
management
8. Sustaining National Character Revolution
9. Expanding Social Restoration
Objectives on Disaster Management within the
MTDP 2010-2014 and MTDP 2015-2019
Objectives on Disaster Management within the
MTDP 2010-2014 and MTDP 2015-2019
RPJMN 2010-2014:1. Mainstreaming DRR into development
policies and planning at the national
and regional level, supported by
reliable and professional institutional
disaster at the national, sub-national
and local levels
2. Increasing community preparedness of
DRR, through strengthening of
community-based disaster risk
reduction with attention to local
wisdom
3. Implementing of disaster emergency
response with effective relief of
humanity in the impacted areas of
natural disasters and social disorder
4. Implementing rehabilitation and
reconstruction in sustainable
development for DRR perspective in
impacted disaster areas 6
RPJMN 2015-2019:(1) Promoting awareness and concern
on disaster risk reduction and pre-
disaster preparedness
(2) Expanding early warding system in
upstream and downstream region
(3) Mainstreaming disaster risk
reduction into all respective
development sectors
(4) Minimum service standard for
disaster management
(5) Improving coordination of
emergency relief and post-disaster
recovery, as well as in planning,
financing, and monitoring the
disaster management system
(6) Disaster risk reduction based
regional and local spatial planning
a. DRR mainstreaming as national and local development
priority
b. Capacity strengthening of Disaster Management at
National and Local level
c. Optimizing of control instrument on the utilization of
spatial in disaster management aspects
d. Encouraging the involvement and participation of
community in disaster management
e . Improving resources capacity of emergency
management and humanitarian aid
f. Accelerating the recovery capacty of the disaster-
affected area
General Issues1. Implementation of DRR still not optimal, due to lack of awareness and understanding of DRR on disaster
preparedness
2. Lack of capacity in emergency response in the implementation of rehabilitation and reconstruction in post
disaster areas.
Policy Directions of
Disaster Management in 2010-2014 and 2015-2019
Policy Directions of
Disaster Management in 2010-2014 and 2015-2019
Policy Directions
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1. Integrating disaster risk reduction
within sustainable development
framework
2. Reducing and controlling disaster
risk and vulnerability of the region
and at the community level
3. Improving the capacity of disaster
management
4. Improving the quality of climate and
disaster information system
RPJMN 2010-2014 RPJMN 2010-2014
1. NAP DRR 2010-2012 was formulated according to:
a. Law 24 / 2007 on DM
b. Government Regulation No. 21/ 2008 on DM
c. Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005 - 2015
2. NAP DRR 2010-2012 synergized with the national development planning
system
3. NAP DRR 2010-2012 synergized and based on :
a. National Long-term Development Plan 2010-2014
b. National Medium-term Development Plan 2010-2014
c. National Disaster Management Plan 2010-2014
4. NAP DRR 2010-2012 organized by consultative participatory process from
multi stakeholders: Government, NGOs, and international donors, the
National Platform, which is coordinated by Bappenas and BNPB
5. NAP DRR 2010-2012 is enacted by BNPB Head decree No. 5/2010
National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction
(NAP-DRR) 2010-2012
National Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction
(NAP-DRR) 2010-2012
8
Investments for DRR in NAP-DRR 2010–2012Investments for DRR in NAP-DRR 2010–2012
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2010 2011 2012
(1) (2) (3)
Programme A : Policy, Regulation and
instittution strengthening
204,463 393,458 255,261
Programme B : Disaster Management
Planning
164,991 172,956 193,272
369,454 566,415 448,534
PRIORITY: STRENGTHEN KNOWLEDGE,
INNOVATION AND EDUCATION TO BUILD
SAFETY AND RESILIENCE CULTURE
Programme C: Research, Education and
Training.
384,165 465,215 502,345
384,165 465,215 502,345
PRIORITY: REDUCE UNDERLYING RISK
DISASTER FACTORS
Programme D: Disaster Preparedness and
Mitigation
13,449,283 7,481,712 8,118,856
13,449,283 7,481,712 8,118,856
PRIORITY: IDENTIFY, ASSESS AND MONITOR
THE DISASTER RISK AND IMPLEMENTATION
Programme E: Early Warning System 280,342 316,395 352,490
280,342 316,395 352,490
Programme F: Community participation and
capacity Development on DRR
269,111 277,566 302,178
Programme G: Disaster Preparedness 1,865,795 2,854,810 3,097,112
2,134,906 3,132,376 3,399,290
16,618,149 11,962,113 12,821,514
4
TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 4 (Million IDR)
5 PRIORITY: STRENGTHENING DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS AT ALL LEVEL
TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 5 (Million IDR)
TOTAL BUDGET (Million IDR)
1 PRIORITY: DRR AS A NATIONAL AND LOCAL
PRIORITY, INCLUDING INSTITUTION
STRENGTHENING
TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 1 (Million IDR)
2
TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 2 (Million IDR)
3
TOTAL BUDGET FOR PRIORITY 3 (Million IDR)
NO PRIORITY ACTIVITY BUDGET INDICATION (MILLION IDR)
(4)
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Description 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
A. Budget for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2006-2012 (IDR Billion)
Budget for Disaster
Management 2,548 3,588 4,386 3,807 5,158 8,977 9,876
B. Budget for Disaster Risk Reduction vs. Total Budget, 2006-2012 (%)
National Budget
0,38 0,47 0,44 0,41 0,49 0,68 0,69
Central Government
Budget 0.58 0,71 0,63 0,61 0,74 0,99 1,02
GDP 0.08 0,09 0,09 0,07 0,08 0,12 0,12
DRR Investment at National Level 2006-2012
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DRR Investment by Types of Activity (%)
Type of
Activity
Activity Average 2006-
2012
2012
D 2 Making physical and Non-physical of efforts 59.9 54.1
D 6 Environmental management 14.1 23.4
G 4 Procurement and preparation of supplies to fulfill basic
needs
5.9 6.3
G 5 Organization of, counseling, training, and simulation on
emergency response mechanisms
4.6 1.5
C 3 Organization of counseling as well as education and training 4.0 0.4
E 1 Observation of disaster tendency 3.0 0.9
D 4 Monitoring the control and management of natural
resources that potentially trigger disaster
1.9 2.3
C 2 Monitoring of the use of technologies which with potential
becoming a disaster
1.9 0.3
G 3 Organization, installation, and testing of early warning
system
1.8 5.2
A 1 Coordination of the distribution of duties, authorities, and
resources
0.8 1.2
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DRR Investment at Provincial and Local Level
DRR Regional Budget and Ratio to Total Budget, 2011No Province
(IDR
Billion)Ratio(%)
Municipality (IDR
Billion)Ratio(%)
Regency(IDR
Billion)
Ratio(%)
1 Aceh 146.4 2.07 Surabaya 211 5.32 Bandung 1.1 57.83
2CentralSulawesi 23.18 1.98 Semarang 59.6 3.48 Cilacap 2.84 0.22
3 Maluku 12.54 1.14 Yogyakarta 3.33 0.93 Jepara 0.4 0.1
4 Bali 9.22 0.43 Palu 3.11 0.49 Jembrana 0.36 0.07
5WestSumatera 5.16 0.26 Padang 2.84 0.24
CentralLombok 0.08 0.04
6 Central Java 14.03 0.24 Tasikmalaya 1.26 0.18 Klaten 0.26 0.02
7 West Java 6.3 0.14 Denpasar 0.9 0.1 Average 0.32*
8SouthSulawesi 0.92 0.11 Medan 2.27 0.09
9 East Java 5.07 0.1 Bengkulu 0.42 0.07
10 Jambi 0.78 0.1 Kupang 0.14 0.06
11 Yogyakarta 0.019 0 Average 1.1
Average 0.612
DRR Investment by NGOs, 2006-2012
No Organization Initiation Activities Investment
1 ACT 2008 Establish DRR school, Community networks, and ·
Training
undisclosed
2 DM Center,UPN 2006 Publication, Workshops, studies, community networks IDR 500 Million –
1Billion/year
3 Hope Foundation
Indonesia
2006 Training for students and teachers IDR 1-6 1Billion/year
4 IRC 2002 Prepare guideline, Establish DRR school, IncoIDR orate
DRR in Green Clean program
undisclosed
5 KARINA 2006 Establish post command, Establish DRR school Undisclosed
6 Kerlip 2006 Advocating, Education, Publication, prepare guideline
education material, Campaign, workshops, exhibition
IDR 150Million/year
7 Plan Indonesia 2008 Prepare DRR strategy, Establish DRR school, Training,
Campaign for children
0.5– 1 Million
USD/year
8 Sampoerna
Foundation
2002 Training for communities, Establish disaster-responsive
communities
Undisclosed
9 World Vision 2007 Training for school communities, Prepare contingency
plan
Undisclosed
10 UNDP 2011 Assistance to central and regional governments to
prepare regulations, plans, studies, etc.; educations,
develop database, community awareness, forum and
networking
IDR 10.950 Billion
(2011)
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Issues and Indicative Solution for Promoting DRR
Investment
1. More DRR investments is needed.
The most central government institutions and regional governments
(provinces, municipalities, and regencies) have invested some funding for
DRR purposes. In general, however, DRR investment ratio of Indonesian
government is still lower than the internationally agreed ratio, i.e. 1%
national budget to be devoted for DRR programs.
2. Consistency in DRR policy mainstreaming.
3. Effectiveness and efficiency issues.
Ideally, costs for goods/services and capital procurements is much higher
than that for personnel services
4. Regulation framework needs improvement.
The government regulation on DRR can be used by all regional
governments to formulate their regional regulations
14
15
Current conditions in 2009-2011, the amount of the allocation of funding for
State Budget (APBN) is only reached DRR funding at about 0.68% of the total
APBN, so still need affirmative budget policy to reach 1.0% of the total APBN
(approximately USD 10 billion) every year
Challenges commitment of the multi-stakeholders at local government level
to implement NAP DRR Plan 2010-2012:
1. DRR mainstreaming on DM and DRR into Local MTDP
2. Formulation of DM Plan
3. Formulation of LAP DRR
According to the Global Agreement, the funding support to DRR at least
includes:
1. 1% of the total national budget,
2. 10% of the total funding of the post disaster recovery budget; and
3. 30% of the total funding of climate change related budget
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Pre-
Disaster
Post-
Disaster
Post-
Disaster
Emergency
Relief
Emergency
Relief
Early RecoveryEarly Recovery
Rehabilitation &
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation &
Reconstruction
On-site
Rehabilitation
On-site
Rehabilitation
RelocationRelocation
DisasterDisaster
No Stages Necessary Assessment and Initiatives
1 Pre-Disaster Geographic, Demographic, Economy, Social, Infrastructure, Institution
2 Post-Disaster Victims, IDPs, Damage & Loss Assessment, Need Assessment
2.1 Emergency Relief Numbers & Distribution of IDPs & temporary shelters
2.2 Early Recovery Shelters, basic infrastructures, social services, basic livelihoods, facilitation
2.3 Rehab-Recons Housing, infrastructures, social, local economy, institution
2.3.1 On-site Rehab-Recon Identification of Household, rehab location, risk mitigation, financing, time-frame
2.3.2 Relocation Ident. of Household, location preparation, risk mitigation, financing, time-frame
3 Better Livelihood Applying Disaster Mitigation & Risk Reduction for Better Settlement & Livelihood
Better
Settlement &
Livelihood
Disaster Risk
Reduction
DRR mainstreaming into Post-Disaster RecoveryDRR mainstreaming into Post-Disaster Recovery
16
17
DRR integration into Post-Disaster Assessment and
Recovery Scheme
DRR integration into Post-Disaster Assessment and
Recovery Scheme
Damages
Losses
Human Effects
Recovery Needs
Post-Disaster
DRR Needs
Early Recovery
NeedsRehabilitation
Reconstruction
Long-term
Recovery
Recovery
Financing
1. Nat’l Budget
2. Local Budget
1. Donors
2. Communities
Post-Disaster Risk
Assessment
DaLA &
Humanitarian
Relief Needs Ass’t
Needs
Identification
Recovery
Action Plan
Recovery
Financing Plan
Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
17
1. Planning of DRR is highly important as a reference and direction of development
program of DM and DRR at national, sub-national and local level;
2. Participatory process is required in formulating DM Plan, NAP/LAP DRR and
other policy framework in mainstreaming DRR, as well as enhancing
coordination and partnership between government, NGOs/CBOs, academician,
mass media, international partners and private sectors;
3. Synchronize planning documents at national, sub-national and local levels is
required to ensure the consistency of DM dan DRR overall framework;
4. Communities and their partner-organisations to be well acknowledged,
respected, and actively participated in DM and DRR policy making, planning and
budgeting processes;
5. Make all stakeholders working together for making sure the realization of the
commitments stated in the DM Plan and NAP-DRR, and more importantly to
support the LAP-DRR and the sub-national and local level of governments;
6. Strengthen national and sub-national programs and activities as well as budget
allocations in the Gov’t Work Plans to consider more on DRR investment;
7. Monitor and evaluation regularly, apply law enforcement, to improve and
promote the integration and mainstream of DRR within development initiatives.
Some Lessons Learned and Proposed Action PlanSome Lessons Learned and Proposed Action Plan
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