Effect of Westernized/Globalized diets on Asian gut microbial community
12
5
69
37
12
4
8
10
13
14
1517
18
20
21
22
25
27
28
29
31
32
33
35
36
153
0.02
Lachnospiraceae
Bifidobacteriaceae
Prevotellaceae
Bacteroidaceae
Veillonellaceae
Ruminococcaceae
15776
37
Actinomycetes
1130
Yuan-Kun LeeDepartment of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
National University of Singapore
Japan
Taiwan
Indonesia
China
Thailand
Indonesia
Children (7-11 y)
Infant(0 – 3 y)Adult
(20-40 y)Senior (> 60 y)
Mongolia
Korea
Malyasia
Singapore Phillipine
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bacteroidaceae
Lachnospiraceae
Ruminocaccaceae
Beijing
Tokyo
Taipei
Bangkok
Yogyakarta
PC1 (43.0%)
PC2 (21.4%)
Lanzhou
Fukuoka
Taichung
Khon Kaen
Bali
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4Prevotellaceae
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
- 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4- 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 4
BB P
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
Prediction.strength=0.90Silhouette = 0.313
P-enterotype
BB-enterotype
BeijingLanzhouTokyoFukuokaTaipeiTaichungBangkokKhon KaenYogyakartaBali
rela
tive
ab
un
dan
ce (
%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100PC1
Bacteroidaceae
LachnospiraceaeRuminococcaceae
Prevotellaceae
Bifidobacateriaceae
Asian Microbiome Project (AMP) Phase IPCA and clustering of fecal microbiota of 303 Asian children, 7-11 yr(at family level)
IRuminococcus obeumGemmiger formicilisClostridium clostridioformeBlautia wexleraeEubacterium hadrumBacteroides vulgatusBifidobacteriumpseudocatenulatumBifidobacterium longumClostridium mayombeiBacteroides uniformisBacteroides ovatusEubacterium ventriosumClostridium bartlettiiEggerthella lentaPhascolarctobacterium faeciumDorea formicigeneransDorea longicatenaClostridium nexileEscherichia coli Coprococcus catusButyricicoccus pullicaecorumBlautia stercorisEubacterium biformePrevotella copriCatenibacterium mitsuokaiDesulfovibrio pigerSutterella stercoricanisDialister succinatiphilusMethylobacterium populiDialister invisus
II
III
IV
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
Log10(relative abundance %)
Species abundance in 303 Asian children / Differences among countries
“Signature of country in gut microbiota”
Taipei
Taichung
Beijing
Yogjakarta Balli
Bangkok
Khon Kaen
Fukuoka
Lanzhou
Tokyo
China
Thailand
Indonesia
Taiwan
Japan
P-type
BB-type
Distribution of enterotypes in the 10 cities
J Nakayama, K Watanabe, JH Jiang, K Matsuda, SH Chao, P Haryono, O La-ongkham, MA Sarwoko, IN Sujaya, L Zhao, KT Chen, YP Chen, HH Chiu, T Hidaka, NX Huang, C Kiyohara, T Kurakawa, N Sakamoto, K Sonomoto, K Tashiro, H Tsuji, MJ Chen, V Leelavatcharamas, CC Liao, S Nitisinprasert, ES Rahayu, FZ Ren, YC Tsai, YK Lee (2015) Diversity in gut bacterial community of school-age children in Asia. Scientific Reports, 5:8397/DOI 10.1038/srep08397.
Overrepresenting genes in P/BB and US/Africa
Yatsunenko et al., 2012, NatureBB-type P-type
AMP
US Malawi
0.3985 0.1519 0.243 0.2404 0.0861 0.1697 0.1724 0.2789 0.4823 0.1478 0.434 0.1176 0.3259 0.6018 0.5639 0.4415 0.2705 0.7626 0.7621 1.35 0.8559 0.4336 0.4904 1.01 0.9952 1.7828 1.8369 1.6674 1.5326 0.4323 1.3836 0.9261
0.8399 0.2693 0.3958 0.5014 0.5008 0.4223 0.3526 1.6387 0.8892 0.6422 0.8378 0.6237 0.3285 0.713 0.7802 0.4215 0.971 1.8204 1.1617 2.2709 2.1001 1.0498 1.0954 1.3653 1.6589 2.0397 1.5459 2.3008 2.4254 0.8362 2.8383 1.8881
1.9862 2.238 1.7313 1.7537 1.7642 2.1297 2.029 1.249 1.807 1.8592 1.3361 1.5845 2.0528 1.699 2.2075 1.985 1.7716 1.8728 2.5225 2.7662 2.6549 2.1613 1.9826 1.8874 2.5471 1.8398 2.0404 2.6581 2.9329 1.8401 2.5429 2.4256
0.03 0.0152 0.0246 0.0216 0.0137 0.0221 0.014 0.0211 0.0188 0.0252 0.0406 0.023 0.0217 0.0281 0.0113 0.023 0.0212 0.0476 0.0191 0.0247 0.0106 0.0311 0.0301 0.0265 0.0232 0.0113 0.0105 0.0063 0.0058 0.0211 0.0043 0.0087
0.7413 0.2533 0.1561 0.3155 0.0977 0.1336 0.1569 0.3319 0.0931 0.3692 0.2698 0.291 0.1991 0.3237 0.0701 0.1528 0.0587 0.232 0.0932 0.068 0.0466 0.1241 0.1226 0.4645 0.0386 0.0801 0.0771 0.0913 0.0371 0.1588 0.0777 0.0825
0.7491 0.2526 0.1512 0.2709 0.091 0.1085 0.1185 0.4085 0.3849 0.2325 0.2211 0.3393 0.1929 0.3467 0.0397 0.1484 0.0663 0.211 0.0874 0.0536 0.0117 0.07 0.0881 0.4095 0.0144 0.1608 0.461 0.0136 0.0299 0.2041 0.0398 0.0307
0.3734 0.0726 0.0676 0.1796 0.0601 0.0663 0.1063 0.2731 0.0506 0.2168 0.1637 0.163 0.1568 0.1754 0.031 0.0873 0.018 0.1265 0.0418 0.0438 0.021 0.0412 0.0425 0.046 0.0209 0.0223 0.0105 0.0091 0.0126 0.0815 0.0372 0.021
0.0139 0.0032 0.0098 0.0251 0.0029 0.0087 0.0072 0.0083 0.0057 0.008 0.0213 0.007 0.0092 0.009 0.0078 0.0106 0.0059 0.0074 0.0062 0.0066 0.0017 0.0062 0.0057 0.006 0.0099 0.0009 0.0033 0.0012 0 0.0072 0.0026 0.0007
0.2221 0.03 0.0275 0.0317 0.0266 0.0651 0.0307 0.0313 0.0336 0.0523 0.0487 0.0078 0.0819 0.0589 0.0131 0.0358 0.0127 0.037 0.0206 0.0272 0.0042 0.0234 0.0206 0.0165 0.0104 0.0142 0.0042 0.0036 0.0064 0.0429 0.0033 0.0044
0.3947 0.2595 0.1235 0.235 0.1632 0.1064 0.1616 0.221 0.0909 0.3169 0.1722 0.3003 0.2378 0.1896 0.0361 0.1138 0.0406 0.1893 0.074 0.0554 0.0251 0.0966 0.1119 0.0585 0.0171 0.0317 0.0255 0.0059 0.0214 0.1185 0.0122 0.0236
1.2756 0.3678 0.583 0.8121 0.8281 0.5806 0.7958 0.3986 0.6609 0.8459 0.5911 0.6041 0.5929 0.793 1.1553 1.1428 1.374 1.6278 0.9752 2.2496 2.2744 0.9755 1.0319 1.1485 2.0504 0.9854 1.3842 2.1556 3.8517 0.6755 2.7035 2.2386
0.1179 0.0458 0.0531 0.0444 0.0276 0.0873 0.0188 0.003 0.0318 0.0394 0.0611 0.037 0.0144 0.0565 0.0958 0.0908 0.0249 0.021 0.0327 0.0006 0.0322 0.067 0.0449 0.0351 0.0334 0.0198 0.0191 0.0159 0.0378 0.048 0.0191 0.0242
0.046 0.0313 0.0537 0.09 0.0367 0.034 0.031 0.0335 0.0333 0.0657 0.0999 0.0711 0.0418 0.0463 0.0535 0.0333 0.0854 0.0325 0.0459 0.0284 0.0427 0.052 0.0374 0.0329 0.0165 0.0553 0.0193 0.0148 0.0408 0.0196 0.0102 0.0143
2.5905 2.0257 2.0405 2.6258 2.1954 2.8 2.4545 1.2214 1.9015 2.4143 1.9481 2.5467 2.7353 2.2782 2.421 2.1002 1.7892 1.6285 1.8375 1.5938 1.7409 2.3224 1.8689 2.2613 1.2429 1.2035 1.0682 1.212 1.2767 1.658 1.408 1.3448
0.3894 0.1104 0.271 0.2341 0.1869 0.1271 0.1345 0.824 0.3639 0.2529 0.5341 0.2977 0.2202 0.3708 0.056 0.1009 0.1111 0.1924 0.106 0.0892 0.0917 0.0808 0.2165 0.0763 0.0851 0.5364 0.3103 0.0507 0.0716 0.2531 0.0652 0.0327
0.6976 1.0419 0.6633 0.5728 0.3227 0.3707 0.6167 1.7268 1.2055 0.852 1.868 1.3176 0.7578 1.2476 0.2311 0.345 0.375 0.4022 0.3521 0.0968 0.1876 0.4065 0.2967 0.3393 0.0909 1.0676 0.7545 0.1156 0.1791 0.7444 0.2311 0.1455
0.7589 0.4738 0.302 0.4587 0.6161 0.4948 0.5103 0.5379 0.3587 0.3805 0.4706 1.1287 0.437 0.5673 0.2549 0.3455 0.2859 0.2877 0.2857 0.0987 0.107 0.245 0.652 0.1313 0.4513 0.3244 0.3314 0.1285 0.0863 0.7101 0.1548 0.0782
0.8488 0.1481 0.1962 0.3576 0.4551 0.218 0.2665 0.2807 0.1369 0.3359 0.2123 0.5035 0.2585 0.3396 0.2485 0.2148 0.2756 0.2456 0.1614 0.1446 0.155 0.2599 0.2067 0.4244 0.088 0.1206 0.0905 0.0544 0.0846 0.1981 0.1066 0.0852
0.2843 0.1775 0.1048 0.1642 0.1929 0.1379 0.1561 0.2204 0.0682 0.2044 0.103 0.2431 0.1866 0.2087 0.0332 0.0927 0.0862 0.1418 0.0475 0.0511 0.0357 0.0465 0.0714 0.2674 0.0086 0.0266 0.0058 0.0086 0.0096 0.0684 0.0325 0.0098
0.5833 0.6838 0.4893 0.6123 0.4748 0.5648 0.5233 0.2236 0.3464 0.4748 0.329 0.5016 0.5103 0.4192 0.3995 0.5289 0.4503 0.3526 0.3668 0.2251 0.2567 0.3925 0.4368 0.3959 0.1834 0.2158 0.1809 0.1288 0.1773 0.3697 0.2276 0.1743
0.7006 0.5405 0.5574 0.7362 0.5682 0.678 0.6662 0.3242 0.3564 0.5187 0.3236 0.6013 0.484 0.4303 0.5588 0.474 0.5886 0.3964 0.4404 0.2724 0.327 0.4349 0.5659 0.4178 0.2124 0.2671 0.2583 0.1523 0.1921 0.4793 0.267 0.2223
0.6562 0.5609 0.5749 0.6517 0.5515 0.8542 0.6322 0.2607 0.3802 0.5175 0.4195 0.6903 0.7262 0.542 0.535 0.6171 0.5528 0.4474 0.4788 0.3134 0.3545 0.5568 0.5379 0.5024 0.2351 0.2703 0.2413 0.1478 0.2061 0.5321 0.2827 0.2138
0.5905 0.442 0.531 0.5658 0.5127 0.6025 0.58 0.2995 0.3479 0.4377 0.3693 0.7413 0.5761 0.4086 0.4595 0.4846 0.4798 0.3891 0.3525 0.3051 0.323 0.4454 0.4581 0.4589 0.1979 0.2488 0.2387 0.1683 0.2169 0.3845 0.24 0.1868
1.0675 1.0276 1.0333 1.05 0.7393 1.202 1.1226 1.306 0.8675 0.956 0.923 1.1601 0.8827 1.1077 0.6643 1.1217 0.6345 0.5055 0.5567 0.2303 0.4388 0.6781 0.6643 0.4772 0.2533 0.6976 0.5065 0.2642 0.3572 0.7135 0.3399 0.2747
0.9836 0.4629 0.5725 0.6421 0.5863 0.5571 0.4635 0.5276 0.4487 0.8044 0.7478 0.6598 0.575 0.611 0.3192 0.3721 0.2893 0.5325 0.3464 0.1842 0.1553 0.3621 0.3803 0.2862 0.0915 0.2046 0.1428 0.088 0.1581 0.3338 0.1471 0.1669
amyA, malS; alpha-amylase
gltB; glutamate synthase (NADPH/NADH) large chain
gltD; glutamate synthase (NADPH/NADH) small chain
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
glsA, GLS; glutaminase
gadB, gadA, GAD; glutamate decarboxylase
asdA; aspartate 4-decarboxylase
PRODH; proline dehydrogenase
rocD; ornithine--oxo-acid transaminase
kamA; lysine 2,3-aminomutase
AXY8, FUC95A, afcA; alpha-L-fucosidase 2
SHPK; sedoheptulokinase
SORD, gutB; L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
pfkA, PFK; 6-phosphofructokinase 1
G6PD, zwf; glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
alpha-mannosidase
MANBA, manB; beta-mannosidase
bioA; adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase
lipB; lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase
cbiB, cobD; adenosylcobinamide-phosphate synthase
cobB-cbiA; cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase
cobQ, cbiP; adenosylcobyric acid synthase
cobU, cobT; nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase
choloylglycine hydrolase
paaK; phenylacetate-CoA ligase
supported by Mext Grant-in-Aid for Genome Science, 2013
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
BB-typeP-typeBangkokKhon Kaen
AMP Phase 3: Globalization effect on gut microbiota of Thai childrenBangkok vs Khon Kaen
What and how drives BB-enterotype in Thai ??
Western
Japanese
Korean
Vietnam
Isan
Thai Office
Factory
Office worker
Factory worker
0 20 40 60 80 100Ratio (%)
0 2 4 6Total varieties
Office workers in Bangkok eat more international foods than factory workers !!
Type of meal
Bifidobacteriaceae
Lachnospiraceae
Ruminococcaceae
Enterobacteriaceae
P = 0.0313 in 999 permutation
Bacteroidaceae
Redundancy analysis showing correlation between dietary habit and microbiota
Factory worker
Office worker
China
Indoniesa
Japan
Korea
Mongolia
Factory worker
Office worker
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
PC
2
Factory Office
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
P=0.0005R=0.4002
Shift of Thai gut microbiota to Japanese gut microbiota with intake of international diets
Japanese
Factory worker
Officeworker
Take Home Message
• Regardless of regions, modernization-like effect was observed.
• But for this moment, both groups look healthy !? Long term effects?
• Could they respond differently to a probiotic intake?
Acknowledgements for Phase 1 study
Gadjah Mada UniversityEndang S. RahayuPri HaryonoMartinus-Agus Sarwoko
National University of SingaporeYuan-Kun LeeKang-Ting ChenNing- Xin Huang
Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological ResearchKoichi WatanabeKazunori MatsudaTakashi KurakawaHirokazu Tsuji
Udayana UniversityI. Nengah Sujaya China Agricultural University
Liang ZhaoFa-Zheng Ren
National Taiwan UniversityYen-Po ChenMing-Ju Chen
Food Industry Research & Development InstituteHsueh-Hui ChiuChii-Cherng Liao
Khon Kaen UniversityVichai Leelavatcharamas
National Yang Ming UniversityShiou-Huei ChaoYing-Chieh Tsai
Kasetsart UniversityLa-Ongkham OrawanSunee Nitisinprasert
Acknowledgements for Phase 2 study
Yeungnam UniversityYongha ParkRather Irfan AhmadKwang-Ho Choi
Health Sciences University of MongoliaGanbold Enkhzaya
National University of SingaporeLee Hui TingRegina AngAngela LimYow Kok SiangAng Sze Chien
Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological ResearchPhanphen PhoonlapadachaJaruwan Sitdhipol
Mongolian State University of AgricultureShirchin DemberelJamiyan Dugersuren