Research Network
TELOSGlossary of Terms
Version 1.0
January 25, 2005
Research Network
Revision HistoryDate Version Description Author
February 15, 2003 0.1 First Draft from the edusource Glossary with some new TELOS terms from the Vision document
Gilbert Paquette
March 1, 2003 0.2 Draft augmented and revised Karin Lundgren-Cayrol
March 23, 2004 0.3 Added contributions from other themes Karin Lundgren-Cayrol, Gilbert Paquette, Ottman Basir, Abdulmotaleb El Saddik, Christopher Brooks
December 22, 2004 0.6 Extended glossary, including terms from Use Case documents and conceptual framework. Added terms from Theme 2.1 and Theme 6.3.
Karin Lundgren-Cayrol, Anis Masmoudi, Claire Banville
January 19, 2005 0.7 Integration of terms defined in the conceptual framework document by Ioan Rosca and validation of version 0.7
Gilbert Paquette
January, 20, 2005 0.8 Verifying terms, adding missing terms and correcting English.
Karin Lundgren
January, 25, 2005 1.0 New terms and review Gilbert Paquette
LORNET Research Network Version: 1.0
Glossary of Terms Date: January, 25, 2004
Table of contentTable of content...............................................................................................................2Presentation.....................................................................................................................2A........................................................................................................................................2B........................................................................................................................................2C........................................................................................................................................2D........................................................................................................................................2E.........................................................................................................................................2F.........................................................................................................................................2G........................................................................................................................................2H........................................................................................................................................2I..........................................................................................................................................2J.........................................................................................................................................2K........................................................................................................................................2L.........................................................................................................................................2M........................................................................................................................................2N........................................................................................................................................2O........................................................................................................................................2P.........................................................................................................................................2Q........................................................................................................................................2R........................................................................................................................................2S.........................................................................................................................................2T.........................................................................................................................................2U........................................................................................................................................2V.........................................................................................................................................2W........................................................................................................................................2X.........................................................................................................................................2Y.........................................................................................................................................2Z.........................................................................................................................................2
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PresentationThe TELOS Glossary of Terms is part of the TELOS architecture documents that comprises
TELOS Glossary of Terms (GT)TELOS Vision and Orientations (VO)TELOS Use Cases Specification and Requirements (UCSR)TELOS Conceptual Framework (CF)TELOS Software Architecture (SA)TELOS Implementation and Deployment (ID) TELOS Testing Process (TP)
The TELOS glossary of terms includes concepts, expressions, abbreviations and keywords (i.e., terms) used in the above mentioned documents as well as some other terms from other sources that are of particular interest to the TELOS architecture.
It is a living document that will accompany all the TELOS related activities throughout the life of the LORNET project. It will be regularly updated to reflect the evolution of the architecture as well as research advances by all LORNET teams. A French translation of the term is provided when appropriate.
The TELOS Glossary of Terms uses three columns to describe each term:
Term – the concept, expression, abbreviation or key word being defined. The term is in English with the French translation in parenthesis.
Definition – a short definition of the term and its usage in the LORNET context. If needed, addresses or articles will be mentioned to provide further explanations.
Source – the original source of the definition; if the term is proposed by a LORNET theme, it will be indicated with T1 to T6 (e.g. LORNET/T2).
The set of sources are taken from-
- ANSI - from the American National Standards Institute
- DCMI - Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
- eduSource – Terms from the eduSource Suite of Tools Glossary
- IEEE/LTSC - IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee
- IETF - Internet Protocol Suite and its associated applications
- IMS Global Consortium – Instructional Management Systems
- IMS Abstract Framework: Glossary
- IMS/CP - IMS Content Packaging specification
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- IMS/DRI - IMS Digital Repositories Interoperability Specification
- IMS/Ent - IMS Enterprise specification
- IMS/ES - IMS Enterprise Service Specification
- IMS/LD - IMS Learning Design Specification
- IMS/LIP - IMS Learner Information Package Specification
- IMS/MD - IMS Metadata specification
- IMS/QTI - IMS Question & Test Interoperability Specification
- IMS/RDCEO - the IMS Reusable Definition for Competency and Educational Objectives Specification
- IMS/SS - IMS Simple Sequencing Specification
- ISO/IEC - a formal definition from the ISO/IEC
- LC – Learning Circuit Glossary
- OAI - Open Archive Initiative.
- OKI - Open Knowledge Initiative
- OLF – Office Québécois de la langue Française : Grand dictionnaire terminologique
- OMG Object Management Group
- MISA – Glossary of Terms for the LICEF Learning System Engineering Method
- SC36 –ISO/IEC JCT1 SC36 committee
- SCORM - ADL’s Sharable Content Object Reference Model
- W3C - World Wide Web Consortium
- Webopedia – The #1 online encyclopedia dedicated to computer technology
Common acronyms for computer science and web terms:
- .Net - Microsoft software architecture
- DOI – Digital Object Identifier (DOI ® )
- EJB - Enterprise JavaBeans™
- FTP - File Transfer Protocol
- HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
- J2EE – Java 2 Enterprise Edition: Java architecture
- LDAP – Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
- URI – Universal Resource Identifier
- URL – Universal Resource Locator
- WSDL – Web Services Description Language
- WSDL – Web Services Description Language
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- XML – Extensible Markup Language
- XSLT – Extensible StyleSheet Language Transformations
TELOS Glossary
English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
AAccess (Accès)
An action (such as sending a query or a request by clicking on a direct hyperlink) by either a human or machine enabling the retrieval of data.
IMS/DRI
Access Control (Contrôle d’accès)
A technology that selectively permits or prohibits certain types of data access.
ISO
Access Management Service/System(Service/système de gestion d’accès)
The application of data about users, user profiles and services to access control systems so that users, authenticated or not, have access to those systems, functions and resources.
An Access Management service/system could merely be a system that rotates passwords or that checks for the user's IP address
An Access Management Systems could also seek to support single sign on, where the user is challenged for a single name and password and has access to more than one system or resource.
eduSource
Accessibility (Accessibilité)
A characteristic of technology that enables people with disabilities to use it. For example, accessible Websites can be navigated by people with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive impairments. Accessible design also benefits people with older or slower software and hardware. http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/accwpv0p6/imsacc_wpv0p6.html http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#A http://www.w3.org/WAI/
IMS
LC
W3C
Act (Acte)
An Act is a component of play, which is a sequence of acts. In each act, different activities are set for different roles and are preformed in parallel. When an act is completed, the next act starts until the completion requirements for the learning design are met.
IMS-LD
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Action (Action)
An instruction or series of instructions to be followed should the condition in a conditional rule be evaluated by an application as being “true”. See Condition
eduSource
Activity Sequence(Séquence d’activités)
Declares the relative order in which elements of content are to be presented to the learner and the conditions under which a piece of content is selected and delivered or skipped during presentation.
IMS-SS
Activity Structure(Structure d’activités)
An abstract description of an organization of activities (such as a sequence or tree structure) in which the activities themselves are not explicitly identified, but into which activities may be placed, in order to create actual organizations of activities (such as an activity sequence or an activity tree)
Arbitrarily complex structures of activities can be formed, such as tree hierarchies with options and sequencing of sub-activities.
IMS-LD
Activity Tree
(Arborescence des activités)
An Activity tree is the representation of the parent-child relationships between activities. It is a hierarchical collection of activities with associated rules and specifications of (learning) activities, conditions and limits. The activity tree describes the steps in a process in order to achieve a desired outcome.
IMS/SS
Activity/ Learning activity/ Support activity(Activité /Activité d’apprentissage/Activité de support)
A resource designed with the expectation that the user undertake some action to be undertaken by an actor playing a role within a specified environment. There are two types of activities: learning activities (reading, writing, etc.) or support activities (community building, marking, tutoring, etc.).
An activity is a kind of operation.
IMS-LD
Actor
(Acteur)
An Actor is defined indirectly by a role or a coherent set of roles that a user or other agent plays with respect to a system. In UML/RUP methodology, actors are a key part of a Use Case Diagram where they are linked to the roles they perform. In a function, which is a multi-actor process, actors perform operations where they use or produce resources for other actors.
In TELOS, the main actors are Engineer, Technologist, Designer, Learner, Facilitator, Administrator, Composer and Explorer.
LORNET/ T6
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Actor Model(Modèle d’acteur)
An actor model refers to a representation of a generic actor that can be of two types, Agent (an application) or User (a person). An agent is an application, whereas the user is a person. The Actor Model contains a list of attributes describing preferences and properties of the actors, either generic or related to the system. Its instantiation with data about the user obtained from traces during interaction with the system is called an actor profile.
LORNET/T2
Administrator
(Administrateur)
A TELOS Actor that prepares a certain type of the TELOS cascade aggregates. A Core, LKMS, LKMA or LKMP administrator prepares the corresponding aggregates for its users.
LORNET/ T6
Agent
(Agent)
A software, system component or active object designed for a specific, automated task such as the discovery of metadata or to request assets. http://about-the-web.com/shtml/glossary.shtml
A TELOS agent is a communication interface with the TELOS kernel that allows the connection of a user or a system component to TELOS, and eventually, represents him or it in the system. The object controller equips a system with an agent controller, and a user with an agent interface connector. A TELOS agent can declare, deliver, request or receive services to or from users or agents.
IMS /DRI
Aggregate(Agrégat)
A resource obtained by grouping, integrating or orchestrating together finer grain resources, thereafter called components of the aggregate, according to some aggregation process or principle. The aggregation principle defines an aggregate type.
LORNET/T6
Aggregate Components(Composantes d’aggrégat)
Conceptual components, not necessarily resources, having different roles in the aggregate. They can be declarations (abstract definition of the aggregate parts), components (the aggregate resources) or manipulators (tools allowing the composition and use of the aggregate)
The TELOS conceptual architecture distinguishes five types of aggregate components. K: Knowledge declaration (semantic indexing), documents
(ontologies or metadata) and manipulators R: Resource declaration, actual library items and
manipulators A: Aggregate declarations, component resources and
manipulator (tool) S: Support or assistance declarations, agents and
manipulators C: Control declarations, agents and manipulators
LORNET/T6
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Aggregate type
Aggregation principle(Type d’agrégation
Principe d’agrégation)
There are three major types of aggregates depending on the aggregation principle and the types of components that are aggregated.
1- Grouping: simple assembly of entities selected by some useful criteria (goal, owner etc) Collections: composed from documents and tools User Groups: composed from persons Environment Spaces: composed from persons and objects Meta-groups: composed from groups
2 - Integration: assembling a system of inter-cooperating entities, acting as a coherent whole Fusion: composed from documents and tools Teams: composed from persons Projects: composed from persons and objects Meta-systems: Composed from other systems
3 - Orchestration : a process oriented aggregation, based on a coordinating principle between the "participant" entities Programs: composed from documents and tools Persons Coordinations: composed from persons Functions: composed from persons and objects Meta-functions: composed from other functions.
LORNET/T6
Aggregation(Agrégation)
The process of assembling resources from one or more places (repositories or elsewhere) and grouping them together in a coherent entity. The result is a new resource called an aggregate and the initial resources are called components of the aggregate.
The aggregation process is composed of four main phases: Composition, where the aggregate is produced by an
actor called a composer, Exploration preparation, where the aggregate is
prepared for use or exploration by an administrator, Exploration where the aggregate is processed or used
by a user or an agent, Analysis where a facilitator (person or agent) analyses
the exploration of the aggregate to provide composition support
LORNET/T6
Aggregation Actor(Acteurs d’agrégation)
Generic TELOS actor participating in the life cycle of the aggregation process: Composer, Administrator, Explorer and Facilitator.
LORNET/T6
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Aggregator(Agrégateur)
A system extension tool allowing the assembly of an aggregate from a group of components according to one or more aggregation principles.
LORNET/T6
Alert
(Alerte)
A message instigated from a repository and received by a resource user often to inform a resource user or agent of new or updated metadata and/or resources.
IMS/DRI
Application(Application)
System, system component, tool, or agent that uses the Application Services to support an eLearning function. These are specific to the domain of use (e.g., student system, course management system, etc.) and they can vary from large, monolithic systems to very small agents.
IMS-IAF
Application Layer
(Couche d’application)
In the IMS Abstract Framework (IAF) it is useful, for completeness, to refer to the layer where applications reside.
IMS-IAF
Application Profile
(Profil d’application)
A set of one or more standards and/or specifications, and where applicable the identification of chosen classes, subsets, options, vocabularies and parameters of those standards/specifications necessary for accomplishing a particular function. In this context, the SCORM and CANCORE are Application Profiles.
IMS-IAF
Application Program Interface (API) (Interface de programme d’application (API))
An application program interface is an implementation of a Service AccessPoint (SAP) or collection of SAPs. A set of standard software interrupts, calls, functions, and data formats that can be used by an application program to access network services, devices, or operating systems.
SC36
Architecture(Architecture)
The Architectural view of a system is an abstract model or representation that discards details of implementation, algorithm, and data management and concentrates on thebehavior and interaction of ‘black-box’ components. In the context of eLearning, an architecture is a representation of a collection of services, which cooperate to provide a particular set of electronic-based learning capabilities. The abstract framework can be used to create any number of eLearning architectures.
IMS/IAF
Assessment(Estimation/Évaluation)
An Assessment is a collection of resources intended to determine the level of mastery, or otherwise, that a participant has on a particular subject. An assessment might, for example, be an IMS-QTI test, that is, a collection of IMS-QTI Items, along with additional information required to manipulate these items.'
IMS/QTI
Asset
(Actif)
Any digital or non-digital resource that can be submitted to, referenced by or requested from a Digital Repository. While metadata can also be utilized as an asset, the model distinguishes between assets and their associated metadata.
eduSource
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Asset Repository(Banque d’actifs numériques)
A computer-accessible collection of electronic representations of media, text, images, sound, Web pages, assessment objects or other pieces of data that can be delivered to a Web client. See digital repository
eduSource
Assistance See Support System and Facilitator.
Assistive / Adaptive Technology(Technologie Adaptative)
Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.
http://www.esmerel.org/canada/canada.htm
http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/reference/tech/techgloss.html
IMS/DRI
Augmented Reality(Réalité augmentée)
A system generates a composite view for the user of the real scene and a virtual scene generated by the computer. See Registration
LORNET/T5
Authentication(Authentification)
Verifying a user’s claimed identity. SC36
Authorization(Autorisation)
The permission to perform certain operations or use certain methods or services.
IEEE
BBehavior The term behavior is used to describe the ways in which a
system, an application, an object, a component, etc. is permitted to respond to stimuli. The behavior is normally represented by a set of stable states across which the system moves in response to stimuli that cause the transition. Behavior is normally time dependent and so a pure data model representation is insufficient.
IMS-IAF
Binding(Liaison)
An application or mapping from one framework or specification to another. This word should not be used by itself without qualification and clear definition.
See XML Binding
SC36
Browser(Fureteur)
A system entity that is used by an end user to access a Web site. A browser provides a run-time environment for distributed application components on the client's device.
W3C
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
CCanCore Canadian Core Learning Object Metadata Application Profile -
CanCore is an application profile based on and fully compatible with the IEEE Learning Object Metadata standard and the IMS Learning Resource Metadata specification. This profile is intended to facilitate the interchange of records describing educational resources and the discovery of these resources both in Canada and beyond its borders http://www.cancore.ca/en/
CanCore
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a mechanism for adding or modifying style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents." A style sheet is made up of rules that tell a browser how to present a document. http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/
W3C
Client Application(Application client)
A client application is software that has to be downloaded on to the user’s computer in order to connect to a server. It performs function calls to be executed by a server application. http://www.itl.nist.gov/div897/staff/barkley/poole/ir5820/ir5820sg.htm
W3C
Code Model It is a model of a software program, which represents a static view of the structure and behavior of the code.
LORNET/T2
Collaboration Service/System(Système/Service de collaboration)
A collection of components that serve to manage synchronous and asynchronous interaction between any two or more users of a system.
IMS-IAF
Common Service(API de zone commune de services)
A software service that is common across a wide variety of enterprise application domains, for instance finance and accounting, digital library, human resources, etc. A software service that is foundational and can serve as critical building blocks for higher-level domain specific service implementations.
Common Services include authentication, authorization, rules management, logging, name resolution service management, user messaging, and related common objects. http://www.cetis.ac.uk/content/20020111095625
IMS/OKI
CETIS
Common Services Layer(Couche d’API de zone commune des services)
The set of *Common Services* that are available to the set of applications in the application layer. The common services layer lies between the infrastructure layer and the application layer.
IMS-IAF
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Communication Kernel(Noyau de communication)
An eduSource service that includes the eduSource Communication Language (ECL), a meta-protocol facilitating interactions between tools, services and communication protocols, in particular OAI and Z39.50. It uses the eduSource Services Registry (ESR) that references all the services in the infrastructure, from which an eduSource user can select the services that s/he wishes to use.
LORNET/T1
Competence(Compétences)
A combined knowledge, skill, or attitude that enables one to effectively perform the activities of a given occupation or function to the standards expected in employment. A standardized definition is given in the IMS Reusable Definition of Competency or Educational Objective (RDCEO). The core information in a RDCEO is an unstructured textual definition of the competency that can be referenced through a globally unique identifier. Even though the RDCEO does not provide any structural information about a competency, it mentions that this information may be refined using a user-defined model of the structure of a competency.
http://www.imsglobal.org/competencies/index.html
The MISA method provides such a structure. A competency is defined as a generic skill, selected in a taxonomy that a user or an agent can apply to a set of knowledge with a certain degree of performance. It is a qualitative and/or a quantitative characterization of the level of mastery of a set of knowledge.
IMS-RDCEO
MISA
Competency Management Service/System(Service/Système de gestion des compétences)
A Service or System that allows the management of a user's competencies, the creation of competency definitions and the association of these definitions with learning objects, performance and assessment criteria and corresponding learning activities.
eduSource
Completion Rules(Règles de complétion)
At every level within a Method, it is possible to specify the rules when a role-part, Act, Play, or Unit-of-Learning is completed. It is expected that the runtime system keep a record of the completion status of these different entities. The completion of an 'atomic' learning or support activity is determined either by user choice or when a time limit is reached (Level A). In a Learning Design Level A, the next three levels up, act, play, and unit-of-learning, each have three completion options.
Note: Completion of a higher-level element, by either user choice or time limit, terminates all lower level components contained within it.
IMS/LD
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Component(Composant)
A component is a software object, meant to interact with other components, or stand alone, encapsulating certain functionality or a set of functionalities. A component has a clearly defined interface and conforms to a prescribed behavior common to all components within a framework.
W3C
Component Based Architecture (CBA)(Architecture basée sur des composants)
The creation, integration, and re-use of components of program code, each of which has a common interface for use by multiple systems.
http://www.hyperdictionary.com/computing/component+based+development
Hyperdictionnary
Component Based Development (CBD)(Développement basée sur les composants)
A system design composed of separate components that can be connected together. One component can replace another without affecting the rest of the system.
http://www.bitpipe.com/tlist/Component-based-Architectures.html
Bitpipe
Composer(Compositeur)
An generic TELOS Actor involved in the aggregation process that builds the aggregate. An Engineer composes the core. A Technologist composes a LKMS. A Designer composes a LKMA. A Learner composes a LKMP.
LORNET T6
Composition(Composition)
A form of aggregation with strong ownership and coincident lifetime as part of the whole. Parts with non-fixed multiplicity may be created after the composite itself, but once created they live and die with it (i.e., they share lifetimes). Such parts can also be explicitly removed before the death of the composite. Composition may be recursive. Grouping is not a composition process, but integration and orchestration are.
UML-OMG
Condition(Condition)
A part of a rule consisting of a description of a property or state such that, if the description is true, then an action, also specified by the rule, is triggered.
eduSource
Conditional Rule / Conditional Statement(Règle conditionnelle / énoncé conditionnel)
A statement that is periodically evaluated by an application. The statement has two parts, a condition (see 'condition') and an action. If the state described by the condition is 'true' when evaluated by the application, then the action described in the rule is initiated or undertaken by the application.
eduSource
Configuration(Configuration)
Configuration consists in setting architectural relationships among components, connectors, and data during a period of system run-time, generally at setup time.
W3C
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Content(Contenu)
See Resource
Educational: The substance or subject matter of an educational program as a whole or of any one of its parts.
eduSource
Content Management Service/System(Service/système de gestion de contenu)
A system or service that provides mechanisms for the creation, flexible management (e.g., aggregation, sequencing, dynamic rendering) and publishing of assets. Users may use this service or applications to publish assets or metadata, deliver assets or metadata, search, manage rights, or manage access.
eduSource
Content Package(Assemblage de contenu)
A unit of usable (and reusable) content as defined within the IMS Content Package Specification. An IMS Content Package consists of a logical description of the package called a Manifest.
http://www.imsglobal.org/content/packaging/index.cfm
IMS/CP
Content Package Specification(Spécification d’assemblage de contenu)
An information model describing data structures that are used to provide interoperability of Internet based content with content creation tools, learning management systems (LMS), and run time environments. http://www.imsglobal.org/content/packaging/index.cfm
IMS/CP
Creator(Créateur)
The person or organization primarily responsible for creating the intellectual content of the resource. For example, authors in the case of written documents, artists, photographers, or illustrators in the case of visual resources. The creator can also be an eduSource Publisher.
See
http://www.cancore.ca/en/guidelines.html
http://dublincore.org/documents/1998/09/dces/ #
IMS/DRI
eduSource
DDeliver(Transférer)
To transport an asset from a digital repository to a resource user in response to a request.
IMS/DRI
Designer(Concepteur)
A TELOS Actor that uses one of TELOS LKMS (Learning and Knowledge Management System) and its services to produce applications (courses, knowledge-based workflows, community of practice support, etc.) for learners and learning facilitators.
It is also the main user of the Learning Design specification.
LORNET/ T6
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Digital Repositories Interoperability Specification(Spécification des banques d’objets numériques et interopérables)
A recommended set of information models and protocols to enable interoperability between two digital repositories during search, publish, and store operations.
IMS/DRI
Digital Repository Management Service
(Service de gestion de banques d’objets numériques)
A service that enable access to, and the management, of a Digital Repository.
IMS
Digital Resource Repository(Banque de ressources numériques)
A Digital Repository that holds assets/resources and/or associated metadata records.
eduSource
Digital Rights Management Services/ System(Services/Systèmes de gestion des droits numériques)
A system of applications that manages the expression of the conditions for the use of an asset, specifically: usage permissions, obligations, constraints, and ownership. The DRM system also supports the expression of rights offers and agreements (e.g., licenses) for content and all the parties involved (including rights holders). A DRM system may help initiate transactions enabling payment for, or delivery of, digital assets See http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june01/iannella/06iannella.html
EduSource
Directory(Répertoire)
A digital repository of information about network-accessible entities such as services, other repositories, specifications, content objects, people, and organizations that is managed, searchable, and organized according to a specific logic such as alphabetical order.
IMS/DRI
Document Type Definition (DTD)
The Document Type Definition (DTD) was the primary XML binding control document format of IMS but this has now been superseded by XSD (at present these bindings are working to the May 2001 version of XML Schema). The DTD defines a set of elements, their content models and attributes, and their simple relationships.
W3C
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
EECL gateway This is a standalone service that connects eduSource network
with other networks. The ECL gateway performs translation between ECL protocol and the protocol of the network it is bridging to. It is available to all eduSource participants. For example, ECL gateway can transform ECL protocol to OAI protocol and vice versa.
eduSource
eduSource Communication Language (ECL)(Langage de communication eduSource)
ECL is a metaprotocol using SOAP messaging for enabling repositories and eLearning systems to communicate with each other and with eduSource services using the most common communication protocols. All the eduSource tools (applications, services and components) will be ECL enabled to ensure interoperability.
eduSource
Engineer(Ingénieur)
A TELOS Actor that expands the TELOS Core using the TELOS kernel to help Technologists build LKMSs for Designers.
LORNET/ T6
eLearning Middleware Services
Groups all the functionalities enabling users to interact with eLearning systems or services whose providers agree to be referenced in eduSource, and to publish functionalities in the eduSource Web Services registry.
eduSource
eLearning System(Système de téléapprentissage)
Any software system that supports e-learning, including LMS, LCMS, distance education platforms or educational agents.
eduSource
eLearning system service(Service d’un système de téléapprentissage)
Any application service offered by an eLearning system, for example, QTI (Question and Test Interoperability), learner profiling, tracking, progression management, collaboration support, learner, tutor assistance, etc.
eduSource
Environment(Environnement)
A structured collection of learning objects, services, and sub-environments within which activities take place.
IMS/LD
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
ePortfolio(ePortfolio)
ePortfolios are collections of personal information about a learner that represent accomplishments, goals, experiences, and other personalized records that a learner can present to schools, employers, or other entities. Typical uses of ePortfolios go beyond the traditional concept of a transcript to include applying for jobs, designing personalized learning, and tracking career planning. http://www.imsglobal.org/ep/ It can also contain a collection of artefacts (e.g. resume, productions, etc.) as well as a user model.
IMS
LORNET/T3
Explorer(Explorateur)
A TELOS generic Actor involved in the aggregation process that uses an aggregate for some purpose. An Engineer explores the TELOS kernel and the TELOS core to extend the core. A Technologist explores the TELOS core to build a LKMS. A Designer explores a LKMS core to build a LKMA. A Learner explores the a LKMA to build a LKMP.
LORNET/ T6
External Provider(Fournisseur externe)
An Actor (person or agent) that is not part of the TELOS system but that provides a service to TELOS user or agent or an external requestor using an agent or service in the TELOS system.
LORNET/ T6
External Requestor(Demandeur externe)
A TELOS Actor person or agent) that is not part of the TELOS system but that requests a service from a TELOS user or agent or from an external provider through some agent or service in the TELOS system
LORNET/ T6
FFacilitator
(Facilitateur)
A TELOS Actor that provides assistance to TELOS users. A Core, LKMS, LKMA or LKMP facilitator gives assistance to engineers, technologists, designers, and learners, respectively. Similarly, a composer, administrator, explorer, facilitator facilitator gives assistance to the corresponding actors.
LORNET/ T6
Federated Search System (FSS)(Système fédéré de recherche)
A software interface that can access a set of metadata repositories, search each one according to stipulated search conditions and return a set of Metadata Records.
The ability to search contents of one collection from another collection.
eduSource
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Federator
(Fédérateur)
A software agent responsible for the interaction between a User and a Federated Search System (FSS). It may be an Intelligent Agent responsible for searching and harvesting metadata according to a student’s preferences and/or search criteria/ conditions.
eduSource
Function (Fonction)
In TELOS, a multi-actor process in which one or more actors perform operations where they use or produce resources for other actors.
In general, a set of related actions, undertaken by individuals or applications (agents, tools) to accomplish a set purpose or end.
http://www.maxwideman.com/pmglossary/PMG_F03.htm
LORNET/T2
Function Map(Carte de Fonction)
An interactive user interface where a function model is presented, giving access to its components, actors, operations and resources, and also messaging, annotation, collaboration and assistance functionalities.
LORNET/T2
Function Model(Modèle d’une fonction)
The representation of a function using a representation language (graphic, formal logic, XML, etc.)
LORNET/T2
GGateway(Passerelle)
Software that is capable of bridging disparate network protocols. For the purposes of this specification, "gateway" refers to protocol bridging functionality, which may exist in a stand-alone gateway or may be co-located with a proxy or origin server.
W3C
Gather(Recueillir)
See Harvest IMS/DRI
Gather Engine(Importateur)
A software application commonly known as a Harvester. IMS/DRI
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Granularity(Granularité)
Granularity refers to the degree of decomposition of a learning object. The CanCore Application profile has an in-depth explanation of this metadata element (General – 1.8 Aggregation level). The four levels are:
1. Raw media data or Fragments2. A collection of level 1 learning objects3. A collection of level 2 learning objects4. The largest level of Granularity
A similar vocabulary have been proposed by Duval, E & Hodgins, W. (2003), See http://www2003.org/cdrom/papers/alternate/P659/p659-duval.html.html
LORNET/T3
Grid Computing(Calcul distribué)
Grid computing (or the use of a computational grid) is applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time - usually to a scientific or technical problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or access to large amounts of data. http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci773157,00.html
LORNET/T3
Group Management Service/System(Service/Système de gestion des groupes)
Group management services can include data from class creation and class scheduling, and the ongoing maintenance of that data. A source system/service creates and maintains group information, which needs to be shared with other systems that are involved with group management functions. The flow of group management information is not necessarily one way; some data may be updated by a target system and passed back to the source system.
IMS/ES
HHarvest(Importer)
To retrieve and take delivery of metadata from one or more external digital repository for inclusion in another digital repository specified by the harvester actor.
eduSource
Harvester(Importateur)
A client application operated by a service provider as a means of collecting metadata from repositories, here defined as network accessible servers that can process the 6 OAI-PMH requests (GetRecord, Identify, ListIdentifiers, ListMetadatFormats, ListRecords, ListSets).
A client application used to harvest metadata from digital repositories.
eduSource
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Host System(Système hôte)
A system composed of applications, components, services, user interfaces and actors to which various external forms of assistance are provided by an Support System
LORNET/T2
IIdentification Service(Service d’identification)
A service that is responsible for producing and making available Global/Local User Identifiers (GUIDs/LUIDs).
Image-Based Virtual Environment(Environnement virtuel basé sur l’image)
An application to build virtual environment based on image synthesis. A collection of pre-captured sample images is used to build the photo-realistic virtual environment and then to render a novel view.
LORNET/T5
Immersive technology(technologie immersive ou virtuelle)
Immersive technology is usually defined in relation to virtual reality (VR). Immersive VR usually requires a head mounted display (HMD), which blocks outside views, a motion tracking device to track the participant's actions and transducers that interpreted participants' behaviors.
http://web3d.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-immersive.htm
LORNET/T5
IMS Abstract Framework (IAF)
The IMS Abstract Framework (IAF) is a document synthetizing the IMS specification in a coherent way. It is not an attempt to define an IMS architecture, rather it is a way to define the set of services for which IMS has or might produce a set of interoperability specifications. It contains criteria to test if an eLearning system architecture is an instantiation of the abstract framework
IMS-IAF
Infrastructure(Infrastructure)
The underlying mechanism or framework of a system that is the set of protocols, interfaces, services, applications and physical devices employed by any and all applications, components, systems and services to interact for the purposes of communicating with each other. An infrastructure consists of at least the following:
network infrastructure protocols, e.g. TCP/IP, DOI, or a similar addressing system;
communication protocols, e.g. HTTP, FTP; messaging protocols, e.g. SOAP, XML-RPC, REST; data or information protocols, e.g., IEEE-LOM, DC, OAI
IMS/SD
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Infrastructure Layer(Couche d’infrastructure)
The set of protocols, interfaces, applications and physical devices that make it possible for any and all applications, components, systems and services to interact for the purposes of communicating with each other.
IMS-IAF
Instructional Scenario(Scénario pédagogique)
The central part of a learning unit grouping a learning scenario proposed for the learner and an assistance scenario proposed for the tutor/teacher/coach.
Modeling an educational scenario consists in specifying the activity or activities appropriate for the learner and the facilitator, including all the resources required to complete these activities as well as the productions that should result form these activities.
MISA
Interface(Interface)
A logical grouping of operations. An Interface represents an abstract Service type, independent of transmission protocol and data format.
W3C
Interoperability(Interopérabilité)
The ability of hardware or software components to work together effectively. http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#E
Interoperability allows any node of a network to use resources generated by a member of a network as if they were generated by this node.
LC
Item(Item)
In the IMS QTI specification, an Item is the smallest exchangeable object within QTI-XML. An Item is more than a ‘Question’ in that it contains the ‘Question’, the presentation/rendering instructions, the response processing to be applied to the participant’s response(s), the feedback that may be presented (including hints and solutions) and the metadata describing the Item. When a component, a learning objective, or a prerequisite needs a resource, an ‘item' element is used in the similar way to the organization part of IMS Content Packaging.
IMS/QTI IMS/LD IMS/CP
J
KKey(clé)
A key or a Composite key is a file containing a code to access the resource/asset.
eduSource
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Knowledge Asset(Actif cognitif)
Intellectual content possessed by an organization. Any piece of information that a worker at a company knows, from customer names to how to fix a piece of machinery, can be considered a knowledge asset. Assets can be codified in a variety of formats, such as PowerPoint slides, Word documents, audio and video files, and so forth.
LC
Knowledge Management(Gestion des connaissances)
The process of capturing, organizing, and storing information and experiences of workers and groups within an organization and making it available to others. By collecting those artifacts in a central or distributed electronic environment (often in a database called a knowledge base), KM aims to help a company gain competitive advantage.
http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html#508
LC
Knowledge Representation(Représentation des connaissances)
A process (or its result) for encoding and storing facts, concept, procedures and principles, and their relationships in a formal way. Semantic networks, object-attribute-value triplets, production rules, frames, logical expressions and ontologies are all ways to represent knowledge.
OLF
LLauncher(Lançeur )
An agent or an actor that can either launch an un-packaged object/resource, or decompose an IMS-LD or a SCORM package to display any of its items.
eduSource
Learner (Apprenant)
In the TELOS system a learner is an Actor that explores a LKMA (Learning or Knowledge Management Application) to produce a set of products (action traces, documents, resources, etc.) grouped in a personal LKMP.
TELOS/T6
Learner Information Package (LIP)
A Learner Information Package is an IMS LIP Specification compliant XML instance that is exchanged between Profile Systems. It contains information about a single person or agent. http://www.imsglobal.org/profiles/index.cfm
IMS/LIP
Learner Information Package Specification
An IMS information model used to describe learners and their learning history. http://www.imsglobal.org/profiles/index.cfm
IMS/LIP
Learning Activity(Activité d’apprentissage)
An Activity used by a person to transform information in a resource into personal knowledge
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Learning Content Management System (LCMS)(Système de gestion des contenus d’apprentissage)
An LCMS is a multi-user environment where learning developers may create, store, reuse, manage, and deliver digital learning content from a central object repository. LCMS products allow users to create and reuse units of digital learning content/assets. An LCMS manages the process of creating, storing and delivering learning content.
The components of an LCMS are: an authoring application (editors), a learning object repository, a dynamic delivery interface, and administration tools.
LC
Learning Design(Design d’apprentissage)
An abstract term referring to any delimited piece of education or training, such as a course, a module, a lesson, etc. In IMS-LD, it is the description of a method of a unit of learning enabling learners to attain certain learning objectives by performing learning activities in a certain order in the context of a learning environment grouping resources. A particular case is an instructional scenario.
IMS/LD
Learning Management System (LMS)(Système de gestion des apprentissages)
A computer application that enables learning management, that is the processes of administering, tracking, scheduling, and reporting activities associated with a learner interacting with (online) instructional content.
LC
Learning Object (LO)(Objet d’apprentissage (OA)
Any resource or asset that can be used to support learning. A resource typically becomes thought of as a learning object when it is assigned learning object metadata, is discoverable through a digital repository, and can be displayed using an eLearning application.
Learning objects are defined here, as any reproducible and addressable digital or non-digital resource used to perform learning activities or support activities. In IMS Content Packaging they are represented with the element 'Resources'. Examples are: web pages, text books, productivity tools (text processors, editors, calculators, ), instruments (microscope, etc.), test items.
See Pedagogical Object
IMS/MD
IMS/LD
Learning Object Metadata (LOM)(Métadonnées de l’objet d’apprentissage)
LOM is an IEEE standard that includes both a data model and various bindings to describe the properties of a learning object . http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/index.html
IEEE
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Learning Object Repository (LOR)(Banque d’objets d’apprentissage)
A Learning Object Repository is storing content/assets/resources as well as their metadata record.
eduSource
Learning Objectives(Objectifs d’apprentissage)
In Simple Sequencing learning objectives are separate from learning activities. Learning objectives represent a set of locally and globally scoped data items, each with a satisfaction status and a satisfaction measure. Simple Sequencing makes no assumption as to how to interpret the objective (e.g., is it a competency, is it a mastery, or is it simply a shared value?). Activities may have more than one associated local objective and may reference multiple globally shared objectives. Multiple activities may reference the same global objective, thus sharing the data values. http://www.imsglobal.org/simplesequencing/index.cfm
IMS/SS
LKMA – Learning and Knowledge Management Application
An LKMA is an environment or a set of environments to help learners, or more generally knowledge workers, to acquire knowledge while interacting with resources in the environment. It is composed by a Designer using an LKMS, prepared by an LKMA Administrator, and used by Learners and Learning Facilitators.
LORNET/ T6
LKMP– Learning and Knowledge Management Product
A LKMP is an aggregate composed of execution traces and resources produced by a Learner or a Learner Facilitator, by direct interaction with the TELOS kernel or within a LKMA composed by a Designer.
LORNET/ T6
LKMS– Learning and Knowledge Management System
A LKMS is produced by a Technologist using the TELOS Core, is prepared by a LKMS administrator and is used by a Designer to produce LKMAs. A LKMS is a generalization of an LMS and a LCMS. It uses knowledge representation and is suitable, not only for learning but more generally for knowledge management.
LORNET/ T6
MMAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC)
The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. http://www.loc.gov/marc/
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Definition Source
Manifest An XML file A manifest that describes part of a course that can stand by itself outside of the context of a course (a unit of learning) an entire course, or a collection of courses for meaningful instruction. A manifest may usually contains zero or more static ways of organizing the instructional resources for presentation or use (for example an instructional scenario), to gether with a reference to resources that are organized or the resources themselves, together with their metadata. The manipest is the central part of a content package. http://www.imsglobal.org/content/packaging/index.cfm
IMS/CP
Metadata(Métadonnées)
Structured data used to describe the attributes of a learning resource, a data object, or a component of a learning technology system. In LOM (IEEE1484.12.1-2002) Metadata standard, 9 groups can be found: General, Life-cycle, Meta-metadata, Technical, Educational, Rights, Relations, Annotation and Classification. Each group contains several elements. There are other metadata standards such as Dublin Core, MPEG7, ODRL,…. Mapping and translation systems among metadata schemas are being developed to increase interoperability.
IMS/MD
Metadata Repository(Banque de fiches de métadonnées)
A computer-accessible collection of metadata records for delivery to a Web client.
eduSource
Metatagging Tool(Métaréférenceur)
Is an editor that allows the user to create a metadata record for a learning object. The editor converts the data into an LOM Metadata Standard compliant XML file, which is the Metadata record.
Method (Méthode)
The method contains the two core parts of a Learning Design: the play and conditions, along with some completion and on-completion statements.
IMS/LD
Mixed Reality(Réalité hybride)
It is a class of computerized objects displays that brigns more flexibility in integrating real world and virtual world in a visual system. There is a continuum from Real Environments, to Augmented Reality, to Augmented Virtuality, to Virtual Reality Environments (See See Milgram, P. and Kishino, F., "A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays", IEICE Transactions on Information Systems, vol. E77-D, no. 12, Dec. 1994).
LORNET/T5
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Model Driven Architecture (MDA)
MDA is an approach to system development, which increases the usefulness of models. It provides a means for using models to direct the course of understanding, design, construction, deployment, operation, maintenance and modification of a system.
Ref : http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf
OMG
Modularization(Modularisation)
Is the process of de-composing or re-composing a module (e.g., systems, applications, components, DTD, XML schema) by dividing (e.g., markup) into units or groups to support specific goals. www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization/terms.html
W3C
MPEG 1-2-3 The MPEG standards are an evolving set of standards for video and audio compression and for multimedia delivery developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). MPEG-1 was designed for coding progressive video at a transmission rate of about 1.5 million bits per second. It was designed specifically for Video-CD and CD-i media. MPEG-1 audio layer-3 (MP3) now widely used has also evolved from early MPEG work.
http://searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212603,00.html
LORNET/T5
MPEG 21 MPEG-21 is an open multimedia framework for multimedia delivery and consumption of multimedia content with a vision to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources over a wide range of networks (wireless, DSL, telephone line) and different devices (laptops, PDAs and cell phones) within different communities by identifying and defining the key elements needed to support the multimedia delivery chain.
LORNET/T5
MPEG 4 MPEG-4 improves the MPEG-2 information production and consumption paradigm, deling with audio and video no longer as packaged “bitstreams”, produced by encoding, but as “audio-visual objects” (AVOs). It extends the earlier MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 algorithms with synthesis of speech and video, fractal compression, computer visualisation and artificial intelligence-based image processing techniques. http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/MPEG-4
LORNET/T5
MPEG 7 Metadata description of multimedia scene presented in any format like MPEG1-2-3-4.
LORNET/T5
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
NNotification(Notification)
The sending of a message in response to an event. Events, which trigger notifications, include the completion of an activity and the changing of a property-value.
IMS/LD
OOperation(Opération)
A set of actions performed by an actor in order to process some information by using, consulting, modifying, producing a resource or a behavior.
LORNET/T2
Ontology(Ontologie)
Originally a term for the branch of philosophy concerned with defining what exists, it has been appropriated by the technical world to mean a conceptual representation of the entities, meanings, and relationships within a specific domain of knowledge. See RDF, W3C, Metadata, OIL, Semantic Web, DAML, and OWL.
W3C
Ontology Web Language (OWL)
(Ontology Web Language) – The ontology language is a standard way to describe an ontology in the form of an XML schema. It extends previous standards such as RDF and RDFS and DAML+OIL. The main constructs are hierarchy of classes, individuals members of classes, properties or relations between classes and individuals, an axioms stating properties of the relations and classes.
W3C
PPackage A unit of usable (and reusable) content. This may be part of a
course that has instructional relevance outside of a course organization and can be delivered independently, as an entire course or as a collection of courses. A Package must be able to stand-alone; that is, it must contain all the information needed to use the contents for learning when it has been unpacked.
IMS/CP
Pedagogical Object(Objet pédagogique)
Any resource or asset, digital or otherwise, intentionally used to support learning or learning design having potential for reuse.
A Pedagogical Object:
must be referenced by standardized metadata is discoverable through a digital repository can be displayed – by itself or through its representation –
using an eLearning application.
LORNET/T6.3
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network
Internet users are communicating with each other through P2P file sharing software programs that allow a group of computer users to share text, audio and video files stored on each other's computers.
http://www.publicknowledge.org/text-only/issues/p2p-networks.html#introduction
Platform Independent Model (PIM)
A platform independent model is a view of a system that exhibits a specified degree of platform independence so as to be suitable for use with a number of different platforms of similar type.
Re: http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf
OMG
Platform Specific Model (PSM)
A platform specific model is a view of a system from the platform specific viewpoint. A PSM combines the specifications in the PIM with the details that specify how that system uses a particular type of platform.
Ref : http://www.omg.org/docs/omg/03-06-01.pdf
OMG
Play(Pièce)
A play consists of a sequence of acts. In each act, different activities are set for different roles and are preformed in parallel. When an act is completed, the next act starts until the completion requirements for the play are met.
IMS/LD
Publish To make an asset (learning object or resource) available for access.
IMS/DRI
Provider A user, either the creator of a learning object or educational resource, or a person or organization acting on his/her behalf that can publish secondary metadata for that learning object describing condition of use of the object, which are submitted to Digital Rights Management (DRM) system.
LORNET/T2
Provider Service This service permits the user to publish new learning objects with digital rights management protection. It contains a tool (application) to this purpose, intended mainly for individual users, organizations or companies wishing to provide learning objects to other users, freely or at certain conditions, including price and license agreement.
eduSource
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
QQuery Operation performed by a user or agent wishing to discover and
have information delivered from a system.IMS/DRI
Question &Test Interoperability (QTI) Specification
An information model that describes question (item) and test (assessment) data and their corresponding results reports. http://www.imsglobal.org/content/question/index.cfm
IMS/QTI
Quality of Services (QoS)
ISO standard defines QoS as a concept for specifying how “good” the offered networking services are in terms of usability and utility, both of which influence the popularity of the service. (Also see Grid computing)
ISO
LORNET/T5
RRational Unified Process (RUP)
A software development methodology based on UML, RUP organizes the development of software into four phases (Inception, Elaboration, Construction, Transition), each consisting of one or more executable iterations of the software at that stage of development. Through these phases, different models or views of the system are developed, for example Vision, Use Cases Model, Design, Implementation, Deployment, Testing documents and models.
Ref : http://isp.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RUP.html
RDF Resource Description Framework (RDF http://www.w3.org/RDF/ ) is a foundation for processing metadata represented by object/property/value triplets; it provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the Web. RDF emphasizes facilities to enable automated processing of Web resources.
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/#glossary
W3C
Registration In Augmented Reality, it is the process of properly aligning the objects in the real and virtual worlds with respect to each other, or generating the illusion that the two worlds coexist. Voir Web Services
LORNETT5
Registry of Services(Annuaire de services)
A system that typically holds metadata schemas, configuration data, application profiles, identifiers or other lookup data that is both human- and machine-accessible.
eduSource
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English Term(French Term)
Definition Source
Request(Requête)
To ask a digital repository for the delivery of an asset. IMS/DRI
Resource(Ressource)
Any digital or non-digital asset that can be accessed to support learning. A resource can be a metadata record, a learning object (a document, a tool, a person or agent giving services, a learning design), a content package or an aggregate.
IMS/DRI
Role In general, a set of operations an actor can make in one or more functions or in an IMS-LD Method. In the Learning Design Specification, a role specifies the type of participant in a unit of learning. There are two basic role types, Learner and Staff, which can be sub-typed to allow learners to play different roles in different learning activities. Similarly support staff can be sub-typed and given more specialized roles, such as Tutor, Teaching Assistant, Mentor, Manager, etc. Roles thus lay the basis for multi-actors models of learning.
http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/index.html
IMS/LD
LORNET/T2
Role-partPartition
A role-part associates exactly one role (staff or learner) with one activity or activity-structure, and its environment containing services, learning objects and outputs.
IMS-LD
SSCO Repository A computer-accessible collection (a learning object repository)
of sharable content objects(SCOs) that are pedagogically significant resource aggregates or content packages, that can be launched using the SCORM Run-Time Environment that enables their used by a compliant Learning Content Management Systems (LCMSs).http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm
SCORM
SCORM Run-Time Environment
The SCORM Run-Time Environment provides a means for interoperability between sharable content objects(SCOs) and LCMSs. The three components of the SCORM Run-Time Environment are defined as the ‘Launch’, ‘Application Program Interface (API)’ and ‘Data Model’. http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm
SCORM
Search(Recherche)
An activity conducted by a repository, in which the values specified in a search request are compared to assets metadata, and where a list of matching assets or objects is returned.
IMS/DRI
eduSource
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Definition Source
Search Method(Méthode de recherche)
A defined method for searching the metadata records. In eduSource a user can perform three types of searches: Federated, Harvesting and P2P.
IMS/DRI
Search Request(Requête de recherche)
Description of a set of attributes and desired values, submitted to a repository, for the purpose of obtaining a (partial) list of assets/resources with attributes matching those values.
See Query
eduSource
Search Result Display Service(Service d’affichage des résultats de la requête)
This service permits a user or a search agent to query one or several repositories, to display metadata records of assets/learning objects/resources, to launch and use all free assets/learning objects/resources. For those objects with associated rights or license agreement, the user goes through a process in accordance with the digital rights associated with this resource. This process may include authentication, use of a key, or even payment through an external payment system.
eduSource
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
An Internet protocol for managing the security of a message transmission.
eduSource
Semantic Referencing(Référencement sémantique)
A process by which knowledge and/or competency descriptors are associated to actors, resources and operations providing description of the knowledge they possess or process and the competency specifying the degree of mastery of that knowledge.
LORNET/T6
Semantic Web(Web sémantique)
A conceptual Web built on top of the World Wide Web in which all identified resources are described by their meaning using metadata or ontologies that enable processing by computer agents.http://www.semanticweb.org/
W3C
Sequencing(Séquencement)
Sequencing is a method for representing the intended behavior of an authored learning experience by declaring the relative order in which elements of content are to be presented and the conditions under which a piece of content is selected or skipped during presentation.
http://www.imsglobal.org/simplesequencing/index.cfm
IMS/SS
Sequencing Definition Model
An information model describing intended sequencing behaviors. Rules, limits, conditions and sequencing behaviors defined for activities.
IMS/SS
Service An identifiable i.e., named, software component, whose behaviors, defined, described and discoverable, and support interactions with other services via their Service Access Points. A normative description of each service is presented in UML.
IMS
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Service Access Point (SAP)(Point d’accès d’un service)
A service access point is an interface between two adjacent layers of the abstract framework. The SAP is an abstract representation of the service available through the interface and as such its physical implementation could be referred to as an API.
IMS-IAF
Service facilities (LD) Besides resources which can be defined at design time, there are numerous so-called 'service facilities' used during the teaching and learning, for instance, a discussion forum or some other communication facility. Service facilities are resources that cannot be given a URL at design time. They have to be instantiated by a local runtime service.
Current service types are: send-mail, conference, monitoring (level B), and index search. http://www.imsglobal.org/learningdesign/ldv1p0/imsld_infov1p0.html
IMS/LD
Session A lasting connection across which data is exchanged between an application, such as a web browser, and another application, usually located on a server.
IMS
Sharable Content Object (SCO)
A Sharable Content Object (SCO) represents a collection of one or more Assets that include a specific launchable asset that utilizes the SCORM Run-Time Environment to communicate with LMSs. A SCO represents the lowest level of granularity of learning resources that can be tracked by an LMS using the SCORM Run-Time Environment. http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm
SCORM
Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)
The Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) defines a Web-based learning ‘Content Aggregation Model’ and ‘Run-Time Environment’ for learning objects. At its simplest, it is a model that references a set of interrelated technical specifications and guidelines designed to meet the DoD’s high-level requirements for Web-based learning content. From an IMS perspective, SCORM is an Application Profile. http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm
SCORM
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
SOAP is a messaging protocol where messages are expressed in XML. A SOAP message can invoke service access point, and returns results produced by the Web service. http://www.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/
W3C
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Simple Sequencing(Séquencement simple)
Simple Sequencing is the functionality developed in the IMS Simple Sequencing Specification to make available alternative paths through a set of aggregated contents. The sequencing instructions are embedded within the Manifest of the Content Package of the learning materials. The actual route through the learning material can be dependent upon the actions of the user.
IMS/SS
Sniffer(reniflage de paquets)
A program which collects/displays all data packets passing through an ethernet device on a LAN. Sniffing is accomplished by setting the device to promiscuous mode, which enables it to listen to all packets, not just the ones destined for it.
LORNET/T4
Spoofing(mystification)
The process of forging data packets so they appear to come from another host commonly used to gain access through packet-filtering firewalls and other security systems.
LORNET/T4
SSL See Secure Socket Layer
Sub-manifest A manifest within a manifest. IMS/CP
Submit(Soumettre)
To transport an asset from a creator to a digital repository for storage.
IMS/DRI
Support Activity(Activité de support)
An activity carried out in support of a role performing one or more learning activities. For example, a staff role might have the support activity to grade reports made by people in the learner role named 'student'. Each student creates his/her own report and the tutor grades every report (repeating the 'grade report' support activity).
A support activity can also be performed by computer agents in an assistance system or support system.
IMS/LD
TELOS
Support System(Système de support)
A set of advisor agents, external to a host system, that can provide contextual help, adaptive action or pieces of advises to the users playing actor’s roles in the host system.
LORNET/T2
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL)
The Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) is another XML language. SMIL, pronounced “smile”, is recommended for the creation of multimedia presentations for the Web and is supported by popular user agents, including RealPlayer and QuickTime Media Player. http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo
W3C
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TTechnologist A TELOS Actor that uses the TELOS Core to build LKMSs for
Designers. LORNET/ T6
TELOS Actor Services(Services aux acteurs TELOS)
TELOS actors interact with TELOS systems, applications or products using services. Here are some examples:
K services: semantic indexation, translations, referential fusion;
R services : find, obtain, adapt, annotate, use a resource ;
A services: find, compose, manage, explore and analyze an aggregate;
S services: edit or use some remote support or assistance
C services: edit or use some control on resources
LORNET/T6
TELOS Core (Générateur TELOS)
A collection of resources (models, data and tools) that uses the TELOS Kernel to extend its functions and to build structured products (LKMPs), applications (LKMAs) and systems (LKMSs).
It contains the TELOS Core Libraries grouping resources and tools to define knowledge, resources, support, aggregate and control components of an aggregate.
LORNET/T6
TELOS Kernel(Noyau TELOS)
In the TELOS kernel reside the main coordination services that can be used in the TELOS Core to develop TELOS systems, applications and products. It contains the communication infrastructure of TELOS implementing an “educational service bus”, including
User Connector that enables a user to access TELOS services by providing him with the appropriate user agent according to the roles and actor wants to play in the system.
Object Controller that allows the connection of any resource, including system objects, providing it with the appropriate services.
Agent Coordinator enabling communication among agents representing and coordinating the actors in the system.
LORNET T6
TELOS Semantic Referential(Référentiel sémantique de TELOS)
A set of organized libraries of ontology constructs (classifications, thesaurus, metadata properties, knowledge models, competency profiles), which can be associated to provide semantic meta-references to all types of actors, operations and resources in the TELOS resource repositories.
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Tool(Outil informatique)
See Application
Tracking & Logging Service(Service de traçage et d’enregistrement)
A Service that enables any other service to be tracked and the corresponding information and events to be logged. The log will be made available via a range of report formats.
IMS
Tracking Model(Modèle de traçage)
An information model containing results data for a learner related to objectives and progress on learning activities.
IMS/SS
Trace(Trace)
A collection of data capturing the interactions of a user with a component for the purpose of forming a user model.
UUDDI UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) creates
a standard interoperable platform that enables companies and applications to quickly, easily, and dynamically find and use Web services over the Internet. UDDI is a cross-industry effort driven by major platform and software providers, as well as marketplace operators and e-business leaders within the OASIS standards consortium..
http://www.uddi.org/.
W3C
Unit of Learning An abstract term used to refer to any delimited piece of education or training, such as a course, a module, a lesson, etc. A unit of learning represents more than just a collection of ordered resources to learn—it includes a variety of prescribed activities (e.g., problem solving activities, search activities, discussion activities, peer assessment activities), assessments, services and support facilities provided by teachers, trainers and other staff members.
A Unit of Learning includes a manifest, a learning design, resources, possible (sub-) manifests and physical files. An IMS content package is called a 'Unit of learning' if and only if it includes a valid IMS learning-design element in the organization part of the package's manifest.
IMS/LD
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Use Case A set of scenarios tied together by a common user goal. The simplest format for capturing a use case involves describing its primary scenario as a sequence of numbered steps and the alternatives as variation on that sequence.
http://www.uml.org/
UML
User A user is a person acting in (Internal User) or interacting (External Requestor or Provider) with the TELOS system.
LORNET/T6
User Model A representation of the state or mindset, of a user or agent obtained by tracing the interactions with the system and return data. See Actor Model
LORNET/T3
VVirtual Reality(Réalité virtuelle)
A synthetic, computer generated 3D immersive environment. Immersion can be accomplished by wearing a Head Mounted Display (HMD) and position trackers, which allow the computer to modify the output depending on your position. Most of your perception of the real world is blocked out while you are interacting with traditional VR. http://web3d.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-VR.htm
The terms VR or desktop VR is also somtimes used instead of Web3D or i3d for non immersive Web3D technology.
LORNET/T5
VRML A scripting language developed by Silicon Graphics, Inc., which allows a programmer to render three-dimensional scenes in a Web browser.
LORNET/T5
WWatermarking Watermarking is a method to hide secret information in a
multimedia content in order to preserves intellectual property.
See “Glossary of Watermarking Terms” http://www.sarnoff.com/products_services/video_vision/digital_watermarking/glossary/glossary.asp?p=3&w=DRM
LORNET/T5
Webcasting The term "Webcasting" is used to describe the ability to use the Web to deliver live or delayed versions of sound or video broadcasts.
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci213344,00.html
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Web Services Web services are declared using WSDL and accessed by a SOAP request.
Jakarta-WS
Workflow The defined series of tasks within an organization to produce a final outcome. Sophisticated workgroup computing applications allow you to define different workflows for different types of jobs. At each stage in the workflow, one individual or group is responsible for a specific task. Once the task is completed, the workflow software ensures that the individuals responsible for the next task are notified and receive the data they need to execute their stage of the process.
Webopedia
XXML Binding Each basic element of a specification is stored using an XML
schema. The process of mapping an element with such an XML hierarchy is called the “XML binding”.
XML Instance An XML Instance is a data structure, typically a file, which contains a series of XML statements. The IMS use XML control documents (DTDs and XSDs) to determine the validity of the structure and contents of the XML instance. An XML Binding is in effect a definition of the valid structure and contents of the corresponding XML instance.
XML Schema Definition (XSD)
XML Schema Definition (XSD) is the primary XML binding control document format of IMS). The XSD defines elements, their content models, and attributes. The XSD defines the element types and attribute groups separately from the elements. http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema
W3C
XQuery A protocol to query an XML database for specific pieces of information
XSLT (Extensible Style Language Transformation)
The language used in XSL style sheets to transform XML documents into other XML documents. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/X/XSLT.html
Webopedia
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Y
ZZ39.50 Z39.50 refers to the International Standard, ISO/IEC 23950:
“Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application Service Definition and Protocol Specification”, and to ANSI/NISO/IEC Z39.50. This standard specifies a client/server-based protocol for searching and retrieving information from remote databases. It is widely use in libraries.
ISO/IEC
Term Definition Source
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