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READING STRATEGIES AND
METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS:
ENHANCING READING PROFICIENCIES
AMONG ESL STUDENTS IN IIUM
FOUNDATION PROGRAM
EDU 701- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTIONAt higher learning institutions : Students
must have the necessary language skills to succeed academically
One of it is having the skill to read effectively
College reading materials are known to be challenging
Most reading materials are in EnglishMany research have found that ESL
students often face difficulties with reading abilities
Reading problems of ESL learners :Research have discovered that ESL learners :
Approach reading passivelyRely too much on dictionariesNot critical in readingReluctant to give ideas – do not want to be seen as wrong
Use ineffective and inefficient reading strategies
College reading materials are often unfamiliar and difficult. The extensive range of topics and variety of tasks that students are constantly faced with could give problems to students;especially to their cognitive process ( Izaham Shah, 2008 )
What could probably help these students ?
Reading strategiesMetacognitive Awareness
EFFECTIVE READING FOR ESL READERS
READING STRATEGIESMETECOGNITIVE AWARENESS
Learning technique, study skills
How learners make sense of what they read
Summarizing, making inferences, guessing from context, planning, self-evaluation etc
Cognitive,metacognitive,
compensation reading strategies
Reader’s awareness of strategies during the reading process
Conscious application of strategies
PROBLEM STATEMENTReading classes in Center for Foundation Studies,
International Islamic University Malaysia (CFS, IIUM )
Students are generally exposed to reading skills,
however exam scores in reading are not as encouraging
Reading classes are teacher – centered
Learning instructions are not made explicit to students
How students process knowledge is not emphasized
PURPOSE OF STUDY TO INVESTIGATE THE READING STRATEGIES
USED WHENCOPING WITH ACADEMIC
READING TEXT
TO DISCOVER STUDENTS’ AWARENESS OF THE
READING STRATEGIES EMPLOYED
TO INVESTIGATE TO WHAT EXTENT THE
STRATEGIES AND AWARENESS FACILITATE
THEIR READING PROCESSES
RESEARCH QUESTIONS1. What are the strategies frequently used when
answering reading comprehension?
2. Is there any relationship between reading
strategies and reading achievement?
3. Is metacognitive awareness of strategies
related to reading achievement?
4. What are students’ knowledge level of the
strategies used?
METHODOLOGYResearch design : CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH - to describe existing relationshipThis current research will investigate possible
relationships between reading strategies, metacognitive awareness and students’ reading performances
Quantitative and qualitative methods of enquiries -investigate frequency of reading strategies use -measure awareness of strategies - perceptions of students own knowledge level
of reading strategies
Participants
Level 6 (Advanced) English proficiency
students of CFS, IIUM
Aged between 18 – 20 years of age; Malay
15 males and 15 females
Taken from two reading classes
Have undergone a few semesters of
English proficiencies classes
Data Collection ProcedureEPT Exam Paper ( 2 sets : pre-test and
post-test )A reading Strategy Questionnaire -SORS -SILLMARSI – Metacognitive Awareness Reading
Strategy InventoryRestropective Interview
DATA ANALYSISDescriptive and Inferential StatisticsAverage scores to determine frequencyPaired samples t – test procedure