Download - Eco friendly building materials
Eco-Friendly Building Materials
Case Study of Pune
Mrs. Zigisha MhaskarScience & Technology Park
University of Pune
Aim of the study
To understand the building materials market in Pune and recommend
alternative eco-friendly materials for use.
Objectives
Task 1 -Develop a comprehensive list of conventional building materials Task 2 -Evaluate existing building product eco-rating/assessment systems for adopting to the Indian context.Task 3 - Recommendations for a rating system for evaluating eco-friendly building productTask 4 - Recommend a list of eco-friendly materials suitable for Pune.
Methodology
Internet Data SearchMarket SurveyCommunication with Retail Vendors and ManufacturersData Collection from Local Builders, Contractors and ArchitectsInputs from Local Public Works DepartmentReview of research by HUDCO, BMTPC, TIFAC, CBRI etc.
Task 1 – List of Materials
Types of information collectedMaterialUnit of measurement of each materialCost per unitMethod of sale – Over the counter or by orderLocally available or not locally available BIS code/ international codes
List of Materials
CATEGORY BASE MATERIAL NAME OF MATERIALS UNIT VENDORS AVAILABI
LITYMANUFACTURER DETAILS IS CODE ASTM
CODEOTHER CODES REMARKS
LOW HIGH
refer to vendor list
OTC - over the
counter; BO - by
order
NML- Not manufactured
locally
Civil Materials Cement Cement 43 Grade Bag of 50Kg 150 73, 2, 4 OTC NML 8112:1989 C150Civil Materials Cement Portland Pozzolana
Cement Flyash Based Bag of 50Kg 148 73 OTC NML1489:1991 C618 BS
3892Civil Materials Concrete Ready Mix Cement
Concrete M7.5 - M60 (6CUMT. = 1 Truck) CUMT 2200 2600 25, 81 BO 1,2
456:2000 C94
Civil Materials MS
M.S sheets KG 42 45 9, 26 OTC NML
2062:1999, 2385:1977,
412:1975Civil Materials MS
Tor Steel Re-bar 8mm M.T. 31500 14, 27 BO 14432:1982, 2062:1999
A184/A184M
Civil Materials BitumenRubber Modified Bitumen (Bulk) CR-50 M.T. 17601 6, 33 OTC
NML, brought in tankers from
mumbai
15462:2004 A184/A184M
Civil Materials SandSand BRASS 1900 2100 2, 8 BO 5,8
1542:1992, 2116:1980
A184/A184M
Civil Materials BrickBricks Ist Class 9x6x4 1000 NOS. 3400 2, 3 BO 5
1077:1992 A184/A184M
Civil Materials Fly-ash Fly-ash Bricks 220X105X80mm NOS 3.75 62, 82 BO 4
13757:1993, 3812:1981
A184/A184M
Paving, Flooring, Tiles and Similar finishes
Fly-ashFly-ash Interlocking Paving Blocks(50-60mm) M20 grade SQFT 25 62, 82 BO 4
3812:1981, 10360:1982
A184/A184M
INDICATIVE COST/UNIT
Categorisation Of Materials
1. Civil materials2. Water-proofing and
Chemical additives3. Paving, flooring, dado and
similar finishes4. Paints, colors, white
washing, distempering and wood finishes
5. Wood work6. Roofing and ceiling
7. Doors and windows 8. Water supply and
sanitary fittings9. Electrical works10. Fire fighting system11. Miscellaneous12. Excavation work13. Road works
Categorized based on Activity and Vendor Specific
Constraints
1. Cost of materialsa. Material cost varying over a range covering quotes
from various manufacturers and market brands.b. The builders usually gets a negotiated price for the
material which is much lower than the market cost.2. Transportation
Many products have company distribution center in the city, thus although it may not be produced locally it does not affect the cost.
Task 2 -Evaluating Eco-friendly Materials
Why eco-friendly materials?
Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletableresources.Production of building materials leads to irreversibleenvironmental impacts. Using eco-friendly materials is the best way to build a eco-friendly building.
What is Eco-friendly material ?
Dictionary: describes a product that has been designed to do the least possible damage to the environmentUS EPA – EPP program defines as:"...products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose..."
Eco-friendly
Eco-friendly
Material TechniqueBamboo Rat Trap Bond
Properties
ECO-FRIENDLYMATERIALS
& TECHNIQUES
Renewable Source
Reuse of Waste product
Embodied Energy
Local Availability
Reduction in air, land and water pollution
Durability & Life span
Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings
Biodegradable
Reuse/recycle
Source of Material
a. Renewable source –Rapidly renewable sources e.g. wood from certified forests
b. Reuse of WasteSalvaged products –e.g. old plumbing, door frames
Recycled contents –agriculture/ industrial waste e.g. Bagasse Board
Embodied Energy
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the product including transporting them to the building site
Local Availability
Transportation Cost – For materials not available locally the transportation cost can form a significant part of its embodied energy.
S.No. NAME OF MATERIALS
TRANSPORTATION DISTANCE (approx.)
unit - km
TRANSPORTATION COST COMPONENT
unit - %
TRANSPORTATION ENERGY kwhr/kg
EMBODIED ENERGY kwhr/kg
TRANSPORTATION ENERGY
COMPONENT unit - %
1 Ordinary Portland Cement / Blended Cement 200 27.98 0.2670 2.2000 10.822 Ready Mix Cement Concrete M30 10 17.09 0.0160 0.4445 3.473 Gypsum Plaster 500 26.96 0.5180 1.4666 26.104 M.S. Re-bar 50 1.43 0.0670 10.6000 0.635 Sand 25 33.34 0.0320 0.0333 49.006 Bricks 10 21.06 0.0110 0.8333 1.307 Fly-ash Based Bricks 40 22.35 0.0420 0.4000 9.508 Ceramic tiles 500 8.05 0.5180 0.8330 38.349 Marble / Granite 1200 39.23 1.5980 0.3000 84.1910 PVC Sheet Plain / Corrugated 20 12.67 0.0380 23.3333 0.1611 Aluminium Sheet Plain / Corrugated 150 0.58 0.2000 66.6667 0.3012 A. C. Sheet Plain / Corrugated 20 3.38 0.0270 0.7000 3.7113 G. I. Corrugated sheet 200 31.65 0.2670 12.6667 2.0614 G. I. Pipe (100mm diameter) 200 5.60 0.2670 13.0000 2.0115 A. C. Pipe (100mm diameter) 250 40.96 0.3330 0.8000 29.3916 C. I. Soil / Rain Water pipe (100mm diameter) 900 30.58 1.1990 10.0000 10.7117 P. V. C. Pipe (100mm diameter) 20 6.89 0.0630 24.0000 0.26
Reduce Pollution
Air Pollution- Use of materials with low VOC emissions e.g. Cement Paints
Water Pollution –Materials that prevent leaching.
Land Pollution- Materials that reuse waste that would otherwise have resulted in landfill. e.g. Flyash Bricks.
Performance
Durability & Life SpanMaterial that are exceptionally durable, or require low maintenance e.g PVC pipes.Reduce material use
These are energy efficient and also help reduce the dead load of a building. e.g. Ferrocement
Energy Conservation
Materials that require less energy during construction e.g. precastslabs.
Materials that help reduce the cooling loads- e.g – aerated concrete blocks.
Products that conserve energy – e. g. CFL lamps.
Fixtures & equipments that help conserve water e.g. Dual flush cisterns
Recyclable
Reuse or Recycle as different product e.g. steel, aluminum.
Biodegradable – that decompose easily e.g wood or earthen materials.
Evaluating Systems
InternationalUS EPA – Env preferable purchasing (EPP)Green SealGreenspec productsBEES ( Buildings for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) JIS – Japanese Industrial Standards
Evaluating Systems
National MOEF – Proposed certification of all eco-
friendly products as ‘Ecomark’CPCB is entrusted with the task of
developing the standards for certification.
Evaluating Systems
ConstraintsTo qualify any material as eco-friendly it is necessary to conduct a life cycle analysis of each material. Each study has to be on a product to product basis
Task 4 – Draft List of Eco-friendly Materials
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
1. Bamboo, Bamboo Based Partcle Board & Ply Board, Bamboo Matting
2. Bricks sun dried 3. Precast cement concrete blocks, lintels, slab. Structural and
non-structural modular elements4. Calcined Phospho Gypsum Wall Panels5. Calcium silicate boards and Tiles6. Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks7. Cement Paint8. Clay roofing tiles9. Water, polyurethane and acrylic based chemical admixtures for
corrosion removal, rust prevention, water proofing10. Epoxy Resin System, Flooring, sealants, adhesives and
admixtures
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
11. Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters12. Ferro-cement Roofing Channels13. Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and Paver Blocks14. Gypsum Board, Tiles, Plaster, Blocks, gypsum plaster fibre
jute/sisal and glass fibre composites15. Laminated Wood Plastic Components16. Marble Mosaic Tiles17. MDF Boards and Mouldings18. Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles19. Partical Boards20. Polymerised water proof compound
Conventional Eco-friendly materials
21. Polymerised water proof compound 22. Portland Pozzolana Cement Flyash / Calcined Clay Based23. Portland Slag Cement24. RCC Door Frames25. Ready Mix Cement Concrete26. Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board27. Stone dust 28. Water proof compound, adhesive, Polymer, Powder
Potential Eco-friendly materials & techniques
1. Bagasse Board - BMTPC2. Bricks from Coal Washery Rejects -CBRI, Roorkee3. Building Blocks From Mine Waste - SERC4. Burnt Clay FlyAsh Bricks - CBRI, Roorkee5. Coir Cement Board - CBRI, Roorkee6. Compressed Earth Blocks - BMTPC7. EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI, Roorkee8. Fibre Flyash Cement Boards -BMTPC9. Fibre Reinforeced Concrete Precast Elements, Wall panels,
Blocks, Manhole Covers - SERC10. Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards - CBRI, Roorkee
Potential Eco-friendly materials & techniques
11. Flyash Cellular Concrete, Flyash Cement Brick, Blocks -BMTPC
12. Flyash Lime Cellular Concrete - CBRI, Roorkee13. Flyash Lime Gypsum Brick - BMTPC14. Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash- Central Glass and
Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata15. Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC16. Non Erodable Mud Plaster - CBRI, Roorkee17. Polytiles - CBRI, Roorkee18. Timber from trees such as Poplar, Rubber, Eucalyptus - BMTPC19. Precast walling roofing components - CBRI, Roorkee20. Prefab Brick Panel System - CBRI, Roorkee
Future Tasks
To evaluate the eco-friendly properties of each of these materials Develop recommendation for Pune city Eco-housing criteriaEvaluation of Financial impacts of using eco-friendly materials
Thank you