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ECE 497Capstone Design
Will Barrett Asato Tashiro Adam Anderson
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Purpose of the System
• The purpose is to create a scanning system to determine the location and size of metal fragments in a medium density fiber panel.
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Background Information• The Weapons Integration & Development Directorate of
the US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, & Engineering Center performs a variety of munitions and warhead test programs– Known as the “AMRDEC”– Patrick Taylor is our sponsor
• They use bundles of fiber panels to capture shrapnel from the explosions
• Each bundle is then searched BY HAND to recover fragments, tabulate the X/Y position, and mass for each panel– The panel location is used to determine the depth of the
fragment
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Background Information (cont’d)• The process can take up to 100 man hours PER PANEL• Each bundle could require up to 96 panels, or 9600 man-hours
per bundle• Removal is done outside on the test range
– Personnel have to be in protective clothing – Fragments are bagged by weight– Fragments have to be cleaned and decontaminated for safe handling
• Fragments are typically steel, but some tests use titanium or aluminum
• Data derived from the analysis is tabulated in a spreadsheet format, with the fragment designation, count, bundle and panel number, X/Y location, and size/weight
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Fragment Set Weight Distribution
Totals\Wt Range <.25g .25g - .75g .75g - 2g 2g - 5g 5g - 7g 7g - 10g 10+gQuantity 235 272 271 157 19 7 3
Total Wt. (g) 34.185 130.017 346.711 467.746 109.794 64.433 32.659Avg. Wt. (g) 0.145 0.478 1.279 2.979 5.779 8.919 10.886
% of Total Captured Wt. 2.89% 10.99% 29.29% 39.52% 39.52% 9.28% 2.76%
STEEL WARHEAD FRAGMENT SETFOR FRAG BUNDLE SCANNER TESTING
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Typical Fragment Morphology
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Project Objective
• Automate analysis procedures to the maximum degree feasible – Analysis of X/Y location goal is 15 minutes/panel
• Portability – system can be setup by 1 person• Battery operated equipment is desirable
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Measurement Parameters
• X/Y resolution of .5”• Minimum fragment detection of .25g
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Approach
• Demonstrate a proof-of-concept capability that can be scaled up at a later time
• Use commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment to produce a gray-scale image of the fragments contained in a panel
• Process image to identify the centroid of each fragment and X/Y location – Output .csv file with the fragment location data
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COTS Imaging Systems
• Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
• Industrial Radiography
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What is Ground Penetrating Radar?
• GPR is a non-destructive imaging method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface
• The radar pulses used are in the microwave band of the radio spectrum
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How does GPR work?
• GPR is similar to a metal detector• The GPR system sends out thousands of RF frequency
pulses into the ground • The frequencies that are reflected back return to the
antennae• Frequency analysis of the reflected RF energy allows
correlation of different material compositions in the subsurface
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GPR Schematic
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Typical Applications
• Pipe Locating• Archeology• IED Locating (Improvised Explosive Devices)• Quality control of reinforced concrete
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Ground Penetrating Radar
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GPR Scans
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Benefits of GPR
• Usable in the field– Man-Portable– Battery operated
• Integrated imaging process• Cost beneficial– Low start-up– Easy operation– Low maintenance
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What is Industrial Radiography
• Industrial Radiography is also a non-destructive detection method which utilizes X-rays and gamma rays to view materials
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How Industrial Radiography Works
• Similar to medical radiography, Industrial radiography uses an X-ray source to bombard a sample with high-energy radiation onto a film or a digital detector
• This creates a 2D image of the different materials in the sample.
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Radiography Schematic
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Radiography Components
• Source
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Typical Applications
• Security• Medical Imaging• Non-Destructive Testing– Castings– Welds
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Medical X-Ray Radiography
X-Ray Source
Imaging Surface
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Industrial Radiography
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Benefits of Industrial Radiography
• Extremely accurate• Detects and categorizes different metals• Years of precedents have been set
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Simulated Fragment Panel Analysis
• We scanned a random sample of shrapnel pieces• Used Photoshop to render a black and white
image• Used program Pixcavator 6.0 to analyze .tif file
for information on size, X/Y location, thickness, length, etc.
• Information is exported to an excel spreadsheet for analysis
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Simulated Fragment Panel
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Simulated Fragment PanelBlack and White
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Simulated Panel with Border Detection
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Image Analysis DataPixcavator 6.0
OUTPUT ID Type Location X Location Y Size Perim. Round. Gray Contrast Thick. Length ID
1 D 192 110 210 59 76 44 211 11 17 12 D 105 140 225 62 72 45 210 11 20 23 D 530 147 198 54 84 38 217 13 13 34 D 324 257 638 110 66 28 227 16 38 45 D 471 309 1025 151 56 23 232 17 57 56 D 270 329 123 43 81 63 192 10 10 67 D 164 365 168 53 74 52 203 10 16 78 D 540 412 115 42 80 50 205 10 10 89 D 270 241 364 88 58 40 215 10 33 9
10 D 139 183 236 61 77 43 212 13 17 1011 D 434 443 477 87 78 31 224 19 23 1112 D 229 408 3778 377 33 17 238 22 165 1213 D 407 382 4338 414 32 16 239 23 183 1314 D 140 426 816 201 25 39 216 8 91 1415 D 54 413 1018 164 47 27 228 15 67 1516 D 346 430 362 77 76 34 221 15 22 1617 D 110 429 253 62 80 36 219 15 15 1718 D 319 417 287 74 65 40 215 10 26 1819 D 510 418 1287 165 59 21 234 20 61 1920 D 353 392 322 77 67 35 220 12 26 20
Dark objects: 61Light objects 0
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Program Plan
• Contact vendors– Image dummy panels using radiography and GPR– Utilize 2D images for image processing study
• Image Processing Approach– 2D grayscale image can be processed using
MATLAB to determine the centroid and area of each fragment
– Tabulate fragments by area and X/Y location
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Current Status
• Dummy panels have been fabricated• They will be shipped/delivered to USRadar,
Hayes, ATS, and University Hospital this week• Start analysis of our simulated fragment panel
this week
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Questions?