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East and Southeast Asia
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Physical Features
• These areas of Asia have varying physical features and climates
• The physical features help determine where people live and the climate of the areas where people live
• The location of this region also make it susceptible to certain natural hazards such as monsoons, typhoons, volcanoes, tsunamis and earthquakes
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Mountains, Plateaus, and Deserts
• The Himalayas border the western areas of this region
• The Himalayas create dry conditions on the Plateau of Tibet
• The dry conditions create 2 deserts (Taklimakan and Gobi)
• The Tian Shan Mountain range is also located in the western portions of this region
• This region is also highly volcanic. These volcanoes create mountains. The most famous of these being Mt. Fuji in Japan
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Rivers and Seas
• Major rivers in this region include the Yangtze (Chiang Jiang), Yellow (Huang He), Irrawaddy, and Mekong
• These rivers serve as means for transportation of people and goods
• These rivers are also used to irrigate fields and create hydroelectric power to this region
• These rivers deposit soil into rich fertile deltas; this soil is called loess
• Loess has a yellow color which leads to the names Yellow R. and Yellow S.
• These rivers also dump into major seas (S. China and Yellow)
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Islands and Peninsulas
• There are several nations in this region that are island nations
• These islands are high islands and a part of the Ring of Fire
• These island nations are also archipelagos
• This region contains three main peninsulas (Korean, Indochina, and Malay)
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Resources
• The resources of E and SE Asia include the following: tin, petroleum, gem stones, iron ore, coal, fish, and soil both volcanic and loess
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Climate
• The areas of E and SE Asia contain a wide variety of climates
• These climates include arid and semiarid in the North
• Humid subtropical and humid continental climates can be found in the East
• In the Southern areas the primary climates are tropical wet and tropical wet and dry
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Human and Environment Interaction
• Three Gorges Dam• this dam is being built over the Yangtze R.• Positive: controls flooding, generates electricity,
makes the area more accessible by ships• Negatives: human cost of moving cities and
people, cost, environmental issues such as changing the climate and temperature of the water and animal habitats
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• Overpopulation
• the cities of E. Asia are overcrowded to the point where they can no longer expand
• pollution due to the overcrowding and business
• in Japan 60% of the people live on 3% of the land
• Solutions include building smaller homes, living in apartments, commuting to the cities
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• Ring of Fire
• this is an area located near the fault lines of several tectonic plates
• it is exposed to earthquakes, tsunami and volcanoes
• to help in preparing for these natural hazards these nations have increased their building codes, practiced natural disaster drills, and created more ways to warn people of these disasters
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Economic Characteristics
• The economies of this region vary depending on the government and resources of the nation
• Economic activity varies from subsistence farming to high-tech industrial production
• The nations of China and N. Korea have traditionally had command economies
• Most people in these nations live in areas where they can easily farm
• The Chinese have enough agricultural resources to feed all of their citizens
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• Mongolia’s economy depends on herding and livestock
• The livestock can be sold and they can use other materials from these animals (wool)
• One of the main agricultural crops in E and SE Asia is rice; the monsoon floods the paddies and allows for the growth of this crop
• The harvesting of tropical fruits is a major part of the economy of the southern island nations
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• The economic leader of this regions is Japan• Japan has to import most of the resources that is uses
with its industry, but they export a lot technology to nations around the world
• There are a few nations in this region which have industrialized recently; these include S. Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore
• These nations produce technological goods which are then sold world wide
• China is also a major world leader in trade• The Chinese have been able to use cheap labor and
relaxed sanctions on business to save money during production and make a huge profit from trade worldwide
• The relaxed business practices have harmed the environment (pollution, dumping, and the use of outdated products such as lead based paint)
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• The Chinese have been transitioning from a centralized command economy to one of a more free market economy, while still maintaining a communist government
• S. Korea’s economy is based on industry such as steel, chemical industries, cars, and the world’s largest ship building industry
• The fishing industry is large part of the economy of SE Asia, especially the islands
• The island nations have many port cities and attract a lot of tourism
• The nations of SE Asia have established the ASEAN (Association of S. E. Asian Nations) which serves the same purpose as NAFTA and the EU
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Cultural Characteristics
• China is home to the worlds oldest continuous civilization
• China was ruled by dynasties from 1700 B.C. until 1900
• The Qin Dynasty united China into one large empire and the Han Dynasty extended the empire into Asia
• The Japanese established themselves around 1200 when the emperor instituted a shogun to serve as a military dictator over the Japanese clans
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• These clans used hired soldiers called samurai to protect them
• The Mongolians had the largest empire in the world when it was under the leadership of Genghis Khan
• Most of these nations have a rich artistic history which can be seen in its paintings, pottery, and music
• The cultures of China and Japan overlap in these areas
• The Chinese invented gunpowder, printing, silk, the compass, and noodles
• These Asian nations also have created distinct alphabets; in some cases these alphabets include the use of ideograms
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• Asian cultures have a deep respect for family and ancestry
• In some cases 2 to 3 generations of a family may live in the same house (both sides)
• This respect for family is evident in the religious beliefs of this region
• Confucianism is a belief system in which order, education, and hierarchy are important for a stable society
• Taoism is a belief system that stresses the preservation and restoration of harmony between the individual and the universe
• Confucianism and Taoism are prominent in China
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• Shinto is an animist religion from Japan, and at one time was the official religion of Japan
• Shinto is a collection of rituals and methods meant to mediate the relations of humans and kami, or spirits
• While these are prominent religious beliefs, the formal religions of Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism are present
• Islam is present in the island nations of SE Asia (Indonesia)
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• There is a definite contrast in urban and rural life
• The cities in Asia (Tokyo, Beijing) are as modern as any city around the world
• The cities are major economic centers and in some cases port cities
• The country side of Asia is as poor as any region in the world
• People still live in village areas and farm for themselves or to sell at market (subsistence)
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Places and Things of Interest
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Angkor Wat, Thailand
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Great Wall of China
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Mt. Fuji, Japan
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Vietnam
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Floating Market, Thailand
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Pagoda
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Terraced fields
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Silk
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Batik