Download - Early Practices of Islamic Administration
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PRESENTERS:
SITI ZAKIRAH CHE KU MAMAT G0923304
NOROUL RABITAH AZMAN G092
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CONTENT OUTLINE:
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CONT
Democratic in spirit
Participate in electing their chief
The decision made in the presence of elders
or nobles council of clan or tribe
Bedouins simple life
Hadhari city-state form of government
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EACH FAMILY HAS OWN CHIEF, EACH CLAN HAS
OWN CHIEF AND EACH TRIBE HAS ITS OWN CHIEF
(SHEIKH)
Tribe
Clan
Family
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PROPHET (S.A.W) PERIOD
Amir Ali (1978:112) writes: during 10 years Muhammad presided over
the commonwealth of Islam, a great changecome over the character of Arabs a
congeries of warring tribes and clans wererapidly consolidated into a nation under thisinfluence of one great idea
Administration of Prophet was simple andease No offices or officials
Mosque as a centre of all activities
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CONT
In it Prophet resided, led prayer, metvisitors and foreign diplomats, discusswith the companions the affair of
community
1st administrative decision made byProphet was the planning , organizing and
executing of early followers toAbbyssinia.
2nd administering the great migration
(Hijrah) from Makkah to Madinah
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CONT
Had wuzara and ministers, secretary andofficial writers
3 kinds of administrations
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CONT
All of them are responsible to Prophet
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ADMINISTRATION UNDER PIOUS CALIPHS
Abu Bakr
Umar Al-Khattab
Uthman Affan
AliAbi Talib
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AbuBakr
Umar as chiefjustice,distributing
poor tax
Ali supervisedcaptives,
treatment andransom
Abu Ubaidahas assistant
Muadzresponsible inincome and
expense
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UMAR AL-KHATTAB (R.A)
Encouraged democratic methods in Islamicadministration
Select an honest and reliable person for taxcollector
Umar
Kufah SyriaBasrah
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CONT
Interview Shura Probation
Process of selecting men to key position
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CONT
Use method of accountability useintelligence service to keep an eye
Judging state officials and governors
Citizens were aware of their right andduties
right
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Night Patrol
To maintainlaw & order
PrisonExile &
punishment
Specialoffice
Investigatecomplaints
Annualconference
Officers &governors
Treasuryhouse
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High salary tostate officials
Freedom-day today affair
Limiting-general
Open doorpolicy
Qualifiedscholars for
judge
Development ofDiwan (dept)
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1. Returning thetrust
2. Authority &power
3. Ruling accordingto laws of God
Overseeing
states affairs
1. Collect itrightfully
2. Spend itrightfully
3. Prevent dealingwith it wrongfully
Policy of
financialadministration
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UTHMAN 'AFFAN (R.A)
Too old and weak
Just followed Umar footsteps
Not a creative caliph
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'ALI ABI TALIB (R.A)
*ADMINISTRATORSHOULD
Duties
Responsibility
Relationship
Distributionof work
Againstcorruption
Equality
Based on
Quran &Sunnah
Justice
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DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC
ADMINISTRATION
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INTRODUCTION
Many institutions were established during theearly administration of Islam : The institution of caliphate The institution of wizarah (ministry) The institution of wulat (governors of
provinces) Diwan (secretariat)
Control boards : Hisbah (market inspector) Mazalim (investigation of grievances)
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Derived from
Dev :
mad or devilPersian
Arabic
Dawwana :
To collect, regist or writedown on sheets.
collection of records,
sheets or poetry or
prose.
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N
I
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Use for an office,secretariat, board,
ministry or department.
A register for troopsand pensioners.
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Diwan:Throughout The History
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Diwan:Throughtout
The History
Diwan
al-Azimmah
Diwan as_sirr
Diwanal-
Riqa
Diwan-addiya
Diwan al-Mazalim
Diwan al-
Sawad
Diwan al-Nafaqat
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The officeof a Muhtasib
Function
To promote good andprevent evil.
Outline Islamic ethicalcode.
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Muhtasib
Entrusted with the maintenanceof public morals and standards inthe city.
To detect and punishimmorality, false weight andmeasures.
To enforce Islamic rules
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ACCORDING TO THE QURANIC VERSES
And there may spring from you a nation who invite a goodnessand enjoin right conduct and forbid indecency. Such are they
who are successful.
(al- Imran, 3:104)
And the believers, men and women are protecting friends oneof another; they enjoin the right and forbid the wrong.
( Hud,11:71)
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THEORETICAL GUIDELINES
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Theoretical Guidelines for
Islamic Administration
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Three basic historical documents: By Ali ibn Abi Talib
By chief secretary of the Umayyad Caliph
By Tahir Ibn al-Husayn to his son Abdullah ibn Tahir
10 manuscript Dar al-Kutub
5 manuscripts Sulaimaniyyah Complex
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Theoretical Guidelines:
1st Document
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Theoretical Guidelines:
2nd Document
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Theoretical Guidelines:
3rd Document
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Theoretical Guidelines:
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Conclusion
Administration during Prophet and Khalifah arrasyidun as theguidelines to the Muslim.
Gradually, there is a specific task and become clear- function of
an administrative in government.
Different ways to strengthen the administrative task.
Previous- to reform the practice + behaviour.
Modern- for the political leverages.
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References
Al-Bureay,M.A.(1990).Management and administration inIslam. Daharan: king Fahd University of Petroleum andMinerals.
Noor, Ismail. (1999). Prophet Muhammad s.a.w: the paragon
of excellence. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd
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