![Page 1: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Each organism has a unique Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics combination of characteristics
encoded in molecules ofencoded in molecules of
![Page 2: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DNADNA
![Page 3: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The primary function of The primary function of DNA is to DNA is to
![Page 4: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Store and transmit genetic Store and transmit genetic informationinformation
![Page 5: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
All of the following are true All of the following are true about the structure of DNA about the structure of DNA
exceptexcept
![Page 6: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Short strands of DNA are contained in Short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cellchromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell
Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen basephosphate group, and a nitrogen base
DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bondsjoined by hydrogen bonds
The long strands of nucleotides are twisted The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helixinto a double helix
![Page 7: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Molecules of DNA are Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains ofcomposed of long chains of
![Page 8: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
nucleotidesnucleotides
![Page 9: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Which of the following is Which of the following is notnot part of a molecule of DNA?part of a molecule of DNA?
![Page 10: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
riboseribose
![Page 11: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A nucleotide consists ofA nucleotide consists of
![Page 12: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A sugar, a phosphate group, A sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous baseand nitrogenous base
![Page 13: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The part of the molecule for The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid which deoxyribonucleic acid
is named theis named the
![Page 14: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
sugarsugar
![Page 15: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Purines and pyridines arePurines and pyridines are
![Page 16: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bases found in Bases found in nucleotidesnucleotides
![Page 17: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Chargaff’s rules, the base-Chargaff’s rules, the base-pairing rules, state that in pairing rules, state that in
DNADNA
![Page 18: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The amount of adenine equals The amount of adenine equals the amount of thyminethe amount of thymine
The amount of guanine equals The amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosinethe amount of cytosine
D Both a and bD Both a and b
![Page 19: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The base-pairing rules states The base-pairing rules states that the following are base that the following are base
pairs in DNApairs in DNA
![Page 20: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Adenine-thymine; guanine-Adenine-thymine; guanine-cytosinecytosine
![Page 21: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ATTG:TAAC::ATTG:TAAC::
![Page 22: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
GTCC:CAGGGTCC:CAGG
![Page 23: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The addition of nucleotides to The addition of nucleotides to form a complementary strand form a complementary strand
of DNAof DNA
![Page 24: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Is catalyzed by DNA Is catalyzed by DNA polymerasepolymerase
![Page 25: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Which of the following is Which of the following is not not true about DNA replication?true about DNA replication?
![Page 26: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Is the responsibility of the Is the responsibility of the complementary DNA complementary DNA mutagensmutagens
![Page 27: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
During DNA replication, a During DNA replication, a complementary strand of complementary strand of
DNA is made for each DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus if a original DNA strand. Thus if a portion of the original strand portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new is CCTAGCT, then the new
strand will bestrand will be
![Page 28: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
GGATCGAGGATCGA
![Page 29: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The enzymes responsible for The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template exposed DNA template
bases arebases are
![Page 30: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
DNA polymeraseDNA polymerase
![Page 31: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The function of tRNA is toThe function of tRNA is to
![Page 32: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Transfer amino acids to Transfer amino acids to ribosomesribosomes
![Page 33: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Which of the following types Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions of RNA carries instructions
for making proteins?for making proteins?
![Page 34: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
mRNAmRNA
![Page 35: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA differs from DNA in that RNARNA
![Page 36: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Is sometimes single-strandedIs sometimes single-stranded
Contains a different sugar moleculeContains a different sugar molecule
Contains the nitrogenous base uracilContains the nitrogenous base uracil
All of the aboveAll of the above
![Page 37: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Which of the following is Which of the following is not not found in DNA?found in DNA?
![Page 38: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
uraciluracil
![Page 39: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
RNA is chemically similar to RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars have DNA except that its sugars have an additional oxygen atom, and an additional oxygen atom, and the base thymine is replaced by the base thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base calleda structurally similar base called
![Page 40: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
UracilUracil
![Page 41: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
In RNA molecules, adenine is In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary tocomplementary to
![Page 42: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
uraciluracil
![Page 43: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
During translation, a ribosome During translation, a ribosome binds tobinds to
![Page 44: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
mRNAmRNA
![Page 45: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Each of the following is a type of Each of the following is a type of RNA RNA exceptexcept
![Page 46: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A carrier RNAA carrier RNA
![Page 47: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
During transcription,During transcription,
![Page 48: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
RNA is producedRNA is produced
![Page 49: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Transcription proceeds when RNA Transcription proceeds when RNA polymerasepolymerase
![Page 50: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Binds to a promoter on a strand of Binds to a promoter on a strand of DNADNA
![Page 51: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Transcription is the process by Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded which genetic information encoded
in DNA is transferred to anin DNA is transferred to an
![Page 52: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
RNA moleculeRNA molecule
![Page 53: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino that specifies a particular amino
acid is called aacid is called a
![Page 54: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
codoncodon
![Page 55: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
During translation, the amino acid During translation, the amino acid detaches form the transfer RNA detaches form the transfer RNA
molecule and attaches to the end of molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain whena growing protein chain when
![Page 56: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The transfer RNA anticodon is paired The transfer RNA anticodon is paired up with the messenger RNA codonup with the messenger RNA codon
![Page 57: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The transfer of genetic material The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, which from one cell to another, which
Fredrick Griffith studied, is calledFredrick Griffith studied, is called
![Page 58: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
transformationtransformation
![Page 59: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
An error in DNA replication can An error in DNA replication can causecause
![Page 60: Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649efc5503460f94c0fdbb/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
MutationsMutations
CancerCancer
Genetic variationsGenetic variations
All of the aboveAll of the above