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e-SENSE is an Integrated Project (IP) supported by the European 6th Framework Programme, contract number: 027227
Capturing AmbientIntelligence for Mobile
Communications ThroughWireless Sensor Networks
The e-SENSE vision is a completesystem that combines enablingtechnologies to provide seamlessand nomadic access to new classes
o applications by capturing anunprecedented level o contextin ormation through the use o body,object and environment sensornetworks, integrated into Beyond3G Systems and Plat orms.
Project website :www.ist-e-sense.org
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An integrated user and scenario based design approach
The e-SENSEscenario port oliopresents 26 assorted contextaware application concepts that can provide bene ts to the usersand business actors in three application spaces :
Personal application space(Li estyle assistant).
Community application space(Wireless hospital).
Industrial application space(Remote asset monitoring).
16 audiovisual showcases presenting selected scenarios rom theport olio. The scenarios and audivisual showcases can be oundat the e-SENSE project website :www.ist-e-sense.org
A customisedstory telling techniquewith interactive inter ace in our languages presents uture usa-ges and Ambient Intelligence challenges such asmobilityand sensing psycho-social situations.
Scenarios have been presented to thepublic in three countries to study theuser and social acceptance. Limits andopportunities or context aware mobileapplications have been characterised as
well asdesign recommendations.
e-Skiing : a scenario in thePersonal application space
Movie snap-shot o e-Skiing scenario
e-SENSE Scenario Port olioThe e-SENSE assumptions and requirements are based on26 diverse application scenarios (16audio-visual show cases) that have been de-composed into context building blocks and their requirementsand subsequently exposed to acceptance studies, which provided eedback to the project.
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Innovative Protocols and Mechanisms or the e-SENSE Subsystems
e-SENSE System ArchitectureBased on the e-SENSE scenarios and analysis, an early re erence model was developed that over the courseo the project has been trans ormed into an end-to-end e-SENSE system architecture , spanning romthe individual nodes to the service plat orm, speci ying the e-STACK (protocol stack architecture), Gatewayextensions and WSN integration into IMS service plat orm, as a novel e-SENSE service enabler . Thescope o the e-SENSE system architecture goes well beyond the ZigBee standard as it :
WSN communication mechanisms tailored to the applicationscenarios proposed in e-SENSE in terms o Protocol Elements
or MAC, Networking, Transport and Management.Energy E cient Air-Inter aces or WSN achieving 20nJ/bit.Cross-optimisation o Protocol Elements and design o severalWSN protocol stack instantiations.Context-aware security, privacy and trust ramework togetherwith protocols and mechanisms orming a complete toolboxsolution providing adaptability, fexibility and scalability tosupport the customisation o e-SENSE architecture.Distributed Services, addressing common services such as
localisation/positioning, timing and synchronisation andservice discovery.Distributed Data Processing, addressing collaborativeprocessing and context awareness support.Data Centric Resource Management, which aims to optimisecomputing and communications resources in a data-centricnetwork.An integrated WSN middleware solution (e-SENSEdistributed middleware), including service discovery, resourcemanagement and semantic transport, based on publish/subscribe.
Integrates advanced protocol concepts and newcommunication paradigms, e.g. data centricity.
Supports complete con guration o the protocolstack or various sensor applications.
O ers enhanced support unctionality or advan-ced WSN applications, e.g. localisation and ran-ging support.
Allows an e cient integration o cross-layer opti-mised protocols.
Considers gateway extensions to allow easy inte-gration o WSNs into B3G systems, e.g integra-tion into IMS based service plat orms.
Allows wireless sensor nodes and the network to
dynamically adapt their behaviour according toenvironmental conditions.
The e-STACK has our subsystems, connectivity (CO),middleware (MI), management (MA) and application(AP) subsystems realising all relevant service unctionso an e-SENSE system.In addition, the proposed system architecture allowsthe e cient integration o e-SENSE systems into an IPmultimedia subsystem (IMS) service plat orm, by ad-ding protocol unctions to the e-STACK implementedin the gateway and providing a novel e-SENSE ser-
vice enabler (SE) in the IMS domain. The SE allowsstandardised access to sensor-based context in or-mation to applications in the IMS domain potentiallyutilising many deployed e-SENSE systems.
ServiceDiscovery
NodeDiscovery
Location andPositioning
TimeSynchronisation
SecurityManager
NodeManager
SystemManager
ServicePromoter
GatewayManager
Management Subsystem
Application Subsystem
Connectivity SubsystemB3GConnectivitySubsystem
Middleware SubsystemMiddlewareSubsystem
Application1
MW DataTransferEntities
MWInteractionManager
MW ControlEntities
CO DataTransferEntities
PHYEntities
CO ControlEntities
Application2
ApplicationN
SAP
SAP
S A P
S A P
S A P
SIP
S essionInitiationP rotocol
HomeSubscriber
Server AS
CSCF*
e-SENSEsystem
e-SENSESE
Diameter
Diameter SIP
Application Plane
Control Plane
Interface between SEand e -SENSE s ystem
Interface betweena pplication serverand e -SENSE SE
*CSCF = Call Session Control Function
Integration into IMS service Plat orm - e-SENSE Service Enabler
e-SENSE system architecture and gateway extension
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Ultra Low Power radiosThe radio components are known to be the power consumptionbottleneck in Wireless Sensor Networks. Technology progress,novel design methodologies and accurate speci cation andmodelling help to decrease power consumption.A 20nJ/bit implementation o the IEEE 802.15.4 radio isrealised in e-SENSE, 3 to 10 times below the state-o -the-art. e-SENSE results also include e cient UWB based PHYand MAC components (IEEE 802.15.4a) or Body SensorNetworks in Li estyle Assistant scenarios.
E cient NetworkingOn top o ULP PHYs, cross layer designed protocols arenecessary to achieve system level per ormance and powerconsumption optimisation. e-SENSE proposed and evaluated
e icient MAC+NWK protocols optimally suited or Wire-less Sensor Networks, in particular BSNs and ESNs. Theinterest dissemination solutions rom gateways to nodes andconverge casting solutions rom nodes to gateways showedimproved per ormance with respect to state-o -the-art overseveral metrics.Accurate HW-dependant PHY layer power consumptionmodels were exploited. Robustness to localisation errors wasassessed or geographic based solutions. Experiments basedon COTS plat orm gave a use ul and positive eedback or
urther optimisations.
Service ManagementThe execution model o the e-SENSE system is based onthe instantiation o services on participating sensor nodes. Aquery or context in ormation to the sensor network is transla-ted into the invocation o either a simple or complex service.Service discovery, Service (de)composition, Resource mana-gement, and publish/subscribe as enabling mechanisms arerequired unctions to support the query processing.
Distributed Data and Context ProcessingExporting raw data out o the system or processing at theedge o the network has inherent scalability limitation, both on
the communication bandwidth and the central storage andprocessing power requirements. e-SENSE uses distributeddata and context processing schemes in order to pre-processcontext data as it fows through the network.
e-SENSE Subsystem ComponentsThe e-SENSE project results bring innovation in e fcient ultra low power communications targeting 20nJ/bit,networking and distributed middleware. The e-STACK is a prototype implementation with minimal unctionality.The developed protocols and mechanisms advanced the state o the art signifcantly and can be applied to ahost o problems in the WSN domain.
Application 1
MI MA
S A P Service Discovery
Node Discovery
AS
CO
Pub / Sub ForwardingTechniques
SAP SAP
CO DataTransfer Entities
CO ControlEntities
SAP
SAP
LetiBee chip test board
Sensinode Nano used or e-STACK prototype
e-SENSE WSN node (e-STACK)
Deployement used in the validationo a novel fooding protocol
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Body Sensor Network Test Bed and Prototype ApplicationsThe test bed demonstrates an end-to-end implementationo thee-SENSE System Architecture, consisting o bodysensor networks integrated viagateways and the e-SENSE
service enabler into an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)service plat orm. The system is able tocapture activity,
physiological and emotional state o users , making itavailable to IMS application servers (AS) in the serviceplat orm to realise a variety o enhanced applications in the
areas o personal security, li e-style management and enter-tainment (e.g. e-Skiing).
The test bed demonstrates the realisation o anenviron-
mental sensor network based on the e-SENSE system inan o ce/enterprise environment. Features include, trans ero dynamic context in ormation(e.g. position) or multipleusers, large-scale deployment (entire building),3D Locali-
sation, proximity detection mechanisms and in- eld data
processing . The system is integrated with anubiquitouslydeployed signage in rastructure , able to realise persona-lised and context-aware guidance in public spaces, intelli-gent emergency evacuation, etc.
Ambient Smart Signs
Introduction to e-SENSE Test BedsThe e-SENSE project has generated several test beds and show-cases to demonstrate key innovations
rom the project. These include Ultra Low Power (ULP) Transceiver Components (LetiBee), Body SensorNetwork, Ambient Smart Sign and Mood Detection. The Body Sensor Network and Smart Sign testbeds are illustrated below.
Node 1
Node 2
Node 3
Node 4
Node 4
SensiNodeMicro4
ECG*
Breathing Rate
EDA*
Accelerometer
Smart phone
SensiNodeNano USB
WLAN Access point
Service Enabler
Linux Server
IMS CSCF*
IMS* domain
IMS ApplicationServer
Audio facilityfor mood induction
Body Sensor Network Gateway B3G Service Platform
EnvironmentalTemperature
SensiNodeNano
Temperature
*CSCF : Call Session Control Function*IMS : IP Multimedia Subsystem
*EDA : Electro Dhermal Activity*ECG : Electrocardiogram
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e-SENSE has 24 Partners in 11 EU Countries. The project kicked-o in January 2006 and ended in December 2007. The EC contribution towards the projectwas 6.3 Meuro (approximately 10 MEuro Budget) which unded 950 person months over its 24 months duration.
SMEs:Ambient Systems B.V.(Ambient Systems) - Netherlands
HFC Human-Factors-ConsultGmbH(HFC) - Germany
Companies:
ALMA Consulting Group(ALMA CG) - France
EADS De ence andSecuritySystems SA(EADS) - France
Fujitsu Laboratories o Europe(FLE) – United Kingdom
IBM Research GmbH(IBM) - Switzerland
Mitsubishi Electric ITCE(ITE) - France
Nokia Siemens Networks,S.p.A.(NSN) - Italia
Tele ónica Investigación y
Desarrollo Sociedad AnónimaUnipersonal(TID) - Spain
Thales Research & Technology(TRT) – United Kingdom
Universities:
Universities:
Aalborg University(AAU) - Denmark
Consorzio Ferrara Ricerche(CFR) - Italia
Del t University o Technology(DUT) - Netherlands
Eidgenössische TechnischeHochschule(ETHZ) - Switzerland
King’s College London(KCL) - United Kingdom
University o Oulu(UO) - Finland
University o Surrey(UniS) - United Kingdom
University o the Aegean(Aegean) - Great Britain
University o Twente(UT) - Netherlands
Universite Pierre MendesFrance(UPMF) - France
Research Institutes:
Commissariat a L’EnergieAtomique(CEA) - France
Centre Suisse d’Electroniqueet de Microtechnique SA(CSEM) - Switzerland
Fraunho er Gesellscha tzur Förderung derangewandten Forschung(FOKUS) - Germany
Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum
(IMEC) - Belgium
Administrative Manager:Giuseppe Candela, ALMA [email protected]
Project Coordinator:
Laurent Herault, CEA-LETIlaurent.herault@cea. r
e-SENSE Consortium
C r é a
t i o n : :
C o m
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Technical Manager:Derek Babb, [email protected] [email protected]