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Dynavision Normative Data for Reaction Time
• Primary Authors: Cherie Blackwell, OTR/L, CHT Kathy Cary, COTA Sue Clemens, OTR/L, CBIS Kami Holst, MOTR/L Kristen Mandle, MOTR/L • Contributing Authors: Lori Dryg, MA, CCC-SLP CBIS Sara Castro, MPH Emma Hendricks Jon H Lemke, PhD
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What is the Dynavision used for?
• Originally designed as a device to improve visual skills and eye hand coordination of athletes. – Tiger Woods – Professional Hockey and Football Players
• Rehabilitation – Device provides the same training benefits to persons
whose visual and motor function has been compromised by injury or disease • Stroke • TBI • Spinal Cord Injury • ADD
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Benefits of Dynavision
• Improve visual and cognitive skills – Hemi inattention – Left neglect – Processing speed – Divided attention and concentration
• Improve Activities of Daily Living – Driving – Reading – Managing finances – School performance
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Mallard Jersey Auction
On March 17, 2013, the Quad City Mallard’s Jersey Auction contributed $19,745 toward purchase of the Dynavision equipment!
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Research Purpose
• No established norms for Dynavision equipment.
• Establishing norms for visual reaction, physical response and motor response times will assist therapists in properly assessing and treating visual perceptual deficits.
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Study Objectives
• To determine the visual reaction speed of adults in age categories 18 – 40, 41 – 59 and 60-80 years, using the Dynavision D2 Visuomotor Training System
• To determine the physical response speed of adults in age
categories 18 – 40, 41 – 59 and 60-80 years, using the Dynavision D2 Visuomotor Training System
• To determine the motor response time of adults in age
categories 18 – 40, 41 – 59 and 60-80 years, using the Dynavision D2 Visuomotor Training System
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Methodology
• Cross-sectional, descriptive
• 300 participants – 100 in each of the three age
categories
• Inclusion Criteria
• Exclusion Criteria
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Recruitment
• Flyers
• Local newspaper articles
• Newsletters
• Word-of-mouth to families and patients in the Outpatient Physical Rehabilitation facility
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Data Collection
• Initial Intake Form
• Informed Consent
• Standard Screening Form (i.e., past medical history, ROM screen)
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Dynavision Reaction Test
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Dynavision Reaction Test
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Dynavision Reaction Test
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Sample Reaction Speed
Test Results
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Data Analysis
• GHS Business Intelligence Center analyzed the 6 samples of 50 cases for each strata.
• The total reaction times across the 6 tasks for each age group was used to establish normal limits
• Given reaction times follow an inverse normal distribution, we were able to use 50 patients for each strata as opposed to 400 otherwise.
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Data Analysis • 300 patients age 18-80
– Calculate time to complete all 6 tests
– Take reciprocal of these values
– Plot and test for normality
– Find 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles
– Divide percentiles by 30 to obtain clinically relevant values to interpret test.
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Calculated Normal Limits by Age and Gender
Age
Category Sex
2.5th
Percentile
Lower
Limit (s)
97.5th
Percentile
Higher
Limit (s)
18-40 Male 17.24 0.57 41.67 1.39
18-40 Female 19.23 0.64 41.67 1.39
41-60 Male 17.86 0.59 32.26 1.08
41-60 Female 17.54 0.58 38.46 1.28
61-80 Male 18.87 0.63 47.62 1.59
61-80 Female 19.23 0.64 43.48 1.45
All Male &
Female 15.33 0.51 36.87 1.23
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Barriers to Data Collection
• Our equipment is not portable
• Conducted during regular business hours
• Men 40-60 were more reluctant to participate due to this being working age
• Full time employees trying to manage caseload and research
• Convenience population fall in exclusion criteria
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Clinical Application
• Dynavision reaction test was found
to be beneficial as assessment tool
• Can be added to battery of other
common evaluation measures OT’s
utilize
• Can be applied to concussion
population and sports enhancement.
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Conclusion
• Results provide a range of normal
reaction time based on different age
ranges for the D2.
• Results directly impact the field of
Occupational Therapy.
• Future research applications
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Dynavision Video
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Questions???
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References • Klavora, P., Glaskovski, P. Martin, K., Forsyth R.D, Heslegrave, R.J., Young, M.,
& Quinn, R.P. (1995). The effects of dynavision rehabilitation on behind-the-wheel
driving ability and selected psychomotor abilities of persons after stroke. American
Journal of Occupational therapy. 49 (6), 5374-542. Doi: 10.5.5014/ajot.49.6.534
• Klavora, P., gaskovski, P., & Forsyth, R.D. Test-Retest reliability of three dynavision
tasks. (1995). Perceptual and Motor Skills, 80 (2), 607-610. Doi:
10.2466/pms.1995.80.2.607
• Klavora, P., Gaskovski, P., & Forsyth, R.D. Test-retest reliability of the dynavision
apparatus. ( 1994). Perceptual and Motor Skills, 79 (1), 448-450. DOI:
10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.448
• Vesia, M., Esposito, J., Prime,S., & Klavora, P. (2008). Correlations of selected
Psyschomotor and visuomotor tests with initial dynavision performance. Perceptual
and Motor Skills, ( 107 ( 1), 14-20. Doi:10.2466/pms.107.1.14-20.
• Wells A., Hoffman J., Beyer, K.., Jajtner, A., Gonzalez A., Townsend, J., Mangine,
G., Robinson, IV.E., McCormick, W., Fragala, M., & Stout. J. ( 2014). Reliability of
the dynavision D2 for assessing reaction time performance. Journal of Sports
Science and Medicine, 13 (1), 145-150.