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DuPont-SECI
New Delhi
25th June 2015
Inverter and AC System in Solar PV Grid Tied Power Plants
By
Rajneesh Shrotriya
CTO-Solar
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COMBINER BOX
INVERTERSOLAR MODULES
SYSTEM CONCEPT
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Magic of Static Power Generation
• No Moving parts
• Almost completely solid state
• More scalable & modular
• Only most complex component is the inverter
• DC to AC Inversion
• Maximum Power Point Tracking
• Grid Interconnection & Disconnection ( protection against islanding operation)
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Basic PV Block
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MPPT
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IGBT – The Main component inside inverter
IGBT –Main Component Thermal image @ Operation
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Voltage Regulation , PF control and LVRT
As there is no moving parts therefore instability and reactive power drawingfrom GRID is almost nil. The internal algorithm of inverter maintains the power factor within the range of 0.95 lag to 0.95 lead.
Voltage Regulation;-The inverter has +/- 10 % regulation with IT GRID connection
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Typical Solar Inverter Station
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Presenting Common issues being faced by Developers and EPC
Concern Expectation
Location Radiation Data Source
DC: AC Ratio of Plant Capacity
Loading of Inverters at DC side
No. of Inputs at Inverter
GIS / 3 Tier/ Meteonorm / NASA / correlation with Local nearby Weather station /others
Plant Capacity on AC equipment rating – Inverter / Inverter Transformer cumulative .
Temperature rating of Inverter required to be fixed like modules i.e. 40 deg C/50 Deg C: 980 KW -1150 KW
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Continue …..
Awarded AC Capacity 10 MW
Tolerance Should be provided
Standardization of parameters and Norms for Solar Modules, Inverters , execution and other components
Inverter cumulative Capacity – 9.75 MW / 10.35 MW
Capacity certification basis for Nodal agency / MNRE and CEIG .
IS is required to be created , contractors are confused with certain IS codes which is for conventional power plant and not applicable for PV
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Harmonics % at rated load and different other less loads
Reactive power absorption Grid code -No clarity
Parameters are varying at different loads in % .
As PV plant operates at unity PF, Absorption at 0.8 /0.85 leads to reduction in yield and commercial loss to Developer. Compensation policy is required to be set.
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Forecasting- No clarity
Radiation History and Generation DATA of installed plant should be available at a single website
Guidelines in line with SLDC norms is required to be set and communicated
For planning of plant capacity and expansion
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Power Transmission Infrastructure information based on CEA as well state wise network.
Standard Procedure for accessing Plant Performance
Load flow study is required for all potential PV area and nearby MV-HV transmission network , space availability at SS
Availability, PR, CUF acceptability , Uncertainties.
Bankers and Financial institutions should be aware of this procedures
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Air Quality for PV Plant
Isolation Devices and Protection Philosophy
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Inverter Layout 2- For Discussion
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Hot Air Duct and Inverter Transformer for Discussion
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Internal Heat Duct, Aux. System –Inverter Room
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Typical String Combiner Box
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Connection Space for Cables-A critical factor
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Switch yard
Keeping the switchyard block in middle of the plot for low losses and less cable cost
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66/11 KV Double Bay Switchyard-Metering bays
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Thank You