DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace and E-Learning
William Reilly
MIT Libraries
Digital Library Research Group (DLRG)
Presenting on behalf of several colleagues…
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Agenda (high level)
• Another Domain… Libraries– Scholarly record– Digital Archives, Institutional Repositories
• Introduction to DSpace
• DSpace and E-Learning
• Sakai and DSpace
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Digital Archives (agenda cont., 1 of 4)
• Open Archives Information System (OAIS) Reference Model
• JISC Repositories Deposit API
• RAMLET (IEEE LTSC) Packaging
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace per se (2 of 4)
• DSpace in General– Audiences, purposes, uses– DSpace architecture, information model– History– DSpace Federation, governance board
• DSpace and E-Learning– CWSpace (OpenCourseWare)– Stellar Images Tool
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Sakai-related (3 of 4)
• Sakai + Repositories generally– Sakaibrary, Twin Peaks, Fedora, OKI
• DSpace + Sakai Integration Points– Forthcoming whitepaper, Univ. of
Cambridge's CARET• Centre for Applied Research in Educational
Technologies http://www.caret.cam.ac.uk/
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Other Speakers (4 of 4)
• Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching– Olga Trusova– Knowledge Media Lab: KEEP Toolkit
• DSpace + Sakai Integration– Ian Boston– Early initiatives at Univ. of Cambridge's CARET
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Scholarly Information Life Cycle
Scholarly Information Life Cycle
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
"Cosmic" View of the Repositories Space
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Neil McLean's Observations• The many different permutations of potential
contexts are rarely articulated in a coherent fashion
• Some tension between managed and unmanaged environments
• No common methodologies as yet to deal with multiple permutations of context
http://www.ecdl2004.org/presentations/mclean/n-mclean.ppt
As linked to from JISC(UK)/DEST(Aust.):
http://www.e-framework.org/events/conference/programme/repositories/
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Archives "Reference Model" (OAIS)
• Information Packages: SIP, AIP, DIP = Submission IP, Archival IP, Dissemination IP
http://public.ccsds.org/publications/archive/650x0b1.pdf
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Repositories: Variety. Convergence?
JISC Deposit API– http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/Deposit_API
· WebDAV· OKI OSID· JSR 170 & 283· SRW Update· Flickr Deposit API· Fedora Deposit API· ECL· Etc.
EPrintsDSpaceIntrallectARNOFedoraGreenstoneHarvestRoadaDORe - LANLOCLC Digital Archive
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
JISC Deposit API
Repository
Stores, manages and makes available content and metadata
• Deposit interface• Delete interface• Search interface• Harvest interface• Obtain interface
Deposit interface
• Intelligence: Data format, packaging standard.
•Data in: Deposit request (content, metadata, etc.)
•Data out: Deposit status (success, failure, pending, etc.) and content identifier
Format checking, editorial control, quality assurance mechanisms, etc.
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Universe of Content- WWW• University
– Academics: CLE, Depts• Video Audio• Image collection
– Libraries• Licensed Content $$
– E-Serials, Journals
– Vendor Databases
• Locally-Owned Content– E-Reserves: digitized, scanned
– Digital Library Collections
– Image collections
– Institutional Repository / Digital Archive
» E-Scholarship
» Image Collections
– Learning Objects Repository
» Courseware
» Learning Objects
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
World View…
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace: Visually Explained• Submission: Files | Metadata• Organization: Bundle | Item | Collection | Community• Curation: Preservation | Rights Mgt. | Admin.• Use: Search | Browse | Disseminate | Retrieval
http://www.dynamicdiagrams.com/case_studies/mit_dspace.html
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Information Model• Item can
be mapped to more than one Collection
• Bundles organize Bitstreams
• Little in way of associating Items
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace Architecture
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Current development model
DSpace Community
Committer GroupMain DSpace Code Base
(SourceForge )
Contributions(“Patches” )
Feedback
Accepted contributions
Committer development
Non-contributing users
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Jul 2005
2nd user group meeting140 attendees , 22 countries
Nov 2002 - Mar 2004HP/MIT development ;
community support
Nov 2002
DSpace 1.0 Released
Mar 2004
First user group meeting120 attendees , 7 countries
Apr 2004
Committer group formed
Mar 2005DSpace workshopBangalore , India
Mar 2006
Governance advisoryboard meeting
Open Source communityresearch /development
Mar 2004 -
Feb 06DSpace UG
meeting , Sydney
Nov 2000 - Nov 2002HP-MIT development of DSpace 1.0
How Did We Get Here?
Fast!!
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace Federation Governance Advisory Board Formed (March 2006)
• Digital Curation Centre, UK
• Australian Partnership for Sustainable Repositories
• Biomed Central, UK
• University of Rochester
• Rice University
• University of Michigan
• Coalition for Networked Information
• University of Toronto
• Harvard Business School
• Indian Statistical Institute
• HP Labs
• Carelliance BV, Netherlands
• MIT Libraries
http://wiki.dspace.org/DspaceGovernance
"The governance board was convened to draft a recommendation for governance and funding mechanisms……to advance the DSpace community and ensure that the technology platform remains sound, protecting the investment that institutions have made."
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Board Decisions (Mar. 31, 2006)
• Drafted a statement of mission• Made a decision to form an independent
foundation and initiated a planning process to accomplish that end
• Formed an interim steering committee chaired by Chris Rusbridge (Director, Digital Curation Centre, UK)
• Addressed the need for a technical working group and initiated a road map and white paper process to support that effort
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Statement of Mission (Mar. 31, 2006)
The draft mission of the DSpace foundation is:• to lead the collaborative development of open
source software for digital repositories that enables services for access, provision, stewardship and re-use of digital assets with a focus on educational and research materials;
• to promote the adoption of this technology; and• to provide a platform for innovation in these
areas with an overarching goal of promoting the dissemination and future utility of information and knowledge.
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace In Use
Little world tour…
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CWSpace Overview
* CLE = Collaborative Learning Environment
Goal: Archive MIT's OpenCourseWare to MIT’s DSpace– Also: Make content available to CLEs *
MIT iCampus project, nearing completion
Method: Interoperability of systems– Use Content Packaging standard– Use Web Services standard
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
OCW Materials in DSpace =
New GroundEducational Materials Digital Archive
New kind of content: educational, teaching, learning
POLICY - Cost/merit evaluation of archival treatment. Preservation and IP considerations
New emphasis (ideally) on re-use, re-purposing: aggregation, disaggregation
GRANULARITY - Challenge to digital archive; how flexible can it be? (cf. CMS)
New kind of structure, composition: website, compound digital object, rich metadata
COMPLEXITY - Need to package multi-file content, plus metadata
New needs for system-to-system access: CLEs, Image Tools
BACK-END / FRONT-END - Need for networked access
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
OCW Materials in DSpace =
New GroundEducational Materials Digital Archive
New kind of content: educational, teaching, learning
POLICY - Cost/merit evaluation of archival treatment. Preservation and IP considerations
New emphasis (ideally) on re-use, re-purposing: aggregation, disaggregation
GRANULARITY - Challenge to digital archive; how flexible can it be? (cf. CMS)
New kind of structure, composition: website, compound digital object, rich metadata
COMPLEXITY - Need to package multi-file content, plus metadata
Content PackagingNew needs for system-to-system access: CLEs, Image Tools
BACK-END / FRONT-END - Need for networked access
Web Services
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
OpenCourseWare as Content• Normalized data model (out
of chaos)– "Sections" fit well to
publication organization
• Normalized content files (.PDF)
– Reduced ability to disaggregate, re-purpose
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Package Interchange File (PIF)
IMS Content Package (IMS-CP) uses a .ZIP file with a Manifest XML file and all content files.
http://www.imsglobal.org/content/packaging/cpv1p1p4/imscp_bestv1p1p4.html
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
"RAMLET"• Resource Aggregation Model
for Learning Education and Training– IEEE Learning Technology
Standards Committee (LTSC).
• "Conceptual model for digital aggregates of resources for learning, education, and training applications."
http://ieeeltsc.org/wg11CMI/ramlet/
Various Standards:• IMS Content Package
• METS• MPEG21-DIDL• XFDU• …
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Interop: What’s Achievable
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Interop: Challenges
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
InterOp: Possible Resolution?
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace dev: LNI & PKGers
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace Mapped to WebDAV
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
WebDAV Methods in LNI• PROPFIND - very powerful request with multiple functions:
– list names of properties
– return property values
– recurse through 1 or more levels of a "collection" resource.
• PROPPATCH - changes value of or deletes properties on one resource.
• GET - retrieves contents of a resource• PUT - replace or add a new resource to a collection• COPY - map a resource ("Item") to a different Collection.
As noted, equivalent SOAP methods are provided
Not Implemented: Locking, Versioning.
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Stellar Image Tool
• Dspace as "back-end" to Teaching & Learning application
• Stellar add-on tool + OKI + SRW + DSpace
• Also note: Sakai Tool (Berkeley) + t.b.d. (OKI?) + Fedora's Web Services
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Sakai + Fedora Integration Posts (April 2006)
• Intersection between Sakai and Fedora– Idea: "…to make Fedora the content repository for
Sakai, as opposed to a Sakai search/browse/retrieve/edit tool for Fedora."
• Peter Murray, OhioLINK– http://bugs.sakaiproject.org/confluence/x/ikE
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Further Discussion: Sakai + Repository Integration
• JSR-170? No longer.• "You must implement ContentHostingService API"
– Wide implications– Plugin pattern better idea
• OKI OSID DR = secondary interface to repositories• Alternative: Extend ContentHosting… repository
gateway– Implementation at CARET (IMS-CP player)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Sakai Content: Resource
Tool
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Sakai Content: "The" Repository
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Sakai Content: External Repositories
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Sakai + DSpace Integrationforthcoming whitepaper
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Sakai + DSpace: Integration Report (CARET)
Preliminary ideas from a forthcoming whitepaper - Univ. of Cambridge CARET
• Background, sources• Focus group results: Areas of interest• (Use Cases)• (Models)• Tools, Projects• Roadmap, Recommendations
Source: Univ. of Cambridge CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Where to "Intervene"?
• Background to Integration Report– Case studies reviewed– Projects interviewed– Interventions: technical, non-technical– For DSpace, for Sakai– Gaps, enabling technologies identified
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Current View
Web Services exposed, not (yet) exercised (extensively)
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
E-Learning View?
For a CLE/CMS, what is exact relation of "Repository" notion to "Storage" needs … ?
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Peer Systems ViewWeb Services for loosely coupled peer systems
Note the CMS W/S point to Repository business, not storage.
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Focus Group Results
• Time pressure, chaos• Search within CMS; not
web• Hurdle in publication
process• Multi-homed work• Imaging and
visualization tools valued
• Continued importance of face-to-face meetings
• Overoptimistic re: own preservation
• "Disinterest" in repositories, archives
• Repository "fear"• Metadata fear
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Related Topics of Interest
• Cross-pollination talks: CLEs and IRs
• "Rebranding" of repository svcs.
• "Unrolling" repository svcs. (separating out)
• Policy Manifestation transferability
• Metadata quality mismatch
• Breaking the preprint model
• Supporting informal meetings (PPW Personal Professional Webpage)
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Some Guiding Principles• Tools available at
multiple locations• Authors should feel in
control:– Preservation– Dissemination– Metadata– Availability, access
• Metadata implicitly collected where possible
• Permit librarians to manage metadata of differing quality
• Convey to depositors nature of qualified acceptance of some materials
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Options for Tools, Projects
1. Extending Sakai Resource Tool
2. Site Archive
3. Collections Workflow
4. Policy Manifestation
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
5. Showcase Tool
6. Bibliography Tool
7. Learning Object Creation Tools
8. Search Tool
9. PPWs
10. Ad hoc Collections
11. Realtime Discovery
12. Sakai-delegated Permission
13. Erobots
14. Item History
15. Migration Services
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
1. Extending Sakai Resource Tool
(briefly)
• Ian Boston, CARET, will describe…– http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.cms.sakai.devel/2870/
"…a plugin into ContentHostingService
… Once it 'owns' the node, it takes responsibility for providing ContentResources for that node and all child nodes.
…implemented an IMS-CP plugin, that 'plays' IMS-CP files
…could use to 'mount' a repository"
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
2. Site Archive
(briefly)
• Dan Sheppard, CARET, may implement
• Leverage CWSpace
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
3. Collections Workflow• Motivation: need to accept submissions of varying
quality. Partitioned to separate collections; not all visible
• Put Items into workflow: maintains a state re:– Dissemination, preservation guarantees– Metadata quality requirements
• Events trigger workflow actions– Add to OAI-PMH set– Migration– Add to or retract from public catalogue
• Extends existing DSpace Workflow to fuller lifecycle
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
4. Policy Manifestation (1 of 3)
(not briefly (!))• "Handshake" at beginning of Web Services connection
– Layer above LNI or DR OSID
• Machine-readable exchange of policies– Available collections– Restrictions on Epersons– Collections using specialist tools– Required notices, agreements to/from Sakai user– Copyright, licensing, preservation, dissemination requirements– Required metadata, mandatory keys, acceptable ranges– Extra metadata searches by collection
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
4. Policy Manifestation (2 of 3)
• Fragments: simple, uncontroversial action-based policy snippets– E.g. Creative Commons license four constraints
• Expressed in RDF = extensible• Example ideas:
– Special structure or contents of collections• Contact details for collection's maintainer
• Programs under which collection is managed
– Repository status• E.g. Patches available for special image gallery handling
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
4. Policy Manifestation (3 of 3)
• Sakai functionality:– Ability to display (repository-defined) notices to user at
ingest– Ability to display (negotiated) drop-downs, re: collections,
metadata– Ability to check Sakai IP properties are consistent with
repository IP– Ability to modify search per abilities of search tools– Ability to associate items pulled notices (e.g. bibliography
tool)– Ability to fulfill license requirements (CC and metadata
fields)
• "Sticky" folders could help with implicit or default values inheritance…
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Summary Table
(1 of 2)
• Variety of quite preliminary ideas surfaced…
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
Summary Table
(2 of 2)
• Some work to be commissioned this summer
Source: CARET Whitepaper (forthcoming)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace and E-Learning:
Other Observations…Olga Trusova, Carnegie Foundation for the
Advancement of Teaching
Ian Boston, Univ. of Cambridge (CARET)
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace and E-Learning:
Discussion, QuestionsWilliam Reilly
MIT Libraries
Digital Library Research Group (DLRG)
Presenting on behalf of several colleagues…
MacKenzie Smith, Julie Walker, Rob Tansley, Larry Stone
v. 20060602_1000 PDT
DSpace and E-LearningJune 2, 2006
DSpace & E-Learning: Abstract• An introductory presentation to DSpace, the digital archive system and open
source community.• The precise relation of a digital archive to a collaboration and learning environment (CLE) like Sakai
is a topic very much in development. Preliminary ideas on potential integration points will be presented, from a forthcoming whitepaper [1]. These will be discussed within the context of recent Sakai discussion group activity on closely related topics (e.g. Sakaibrary, Twin Peaks, Fedora, OKI, repositories generally).
• Comparison of "repository" as a component of the architectural stack of a CLE (akin to Sakai's Resource Tool and ContentHosting API), vs. "repository" or digital archive as a peer system to a CLE, whereby interoperation is achieved via Web Services.
• General topics include: DSpace's architecture, information model, its other (non E-Learning) audiences & purposes, its open source community, and the DSpace Federation governance board.
• E-Learning-related topics include: CWSpace: archiving MIT's OpenCourseWare (OCW) to DSpace; and the Stellar Image Tool, using DSpace as backend.
• Contributing speakers to include some remarks from Indiana University vis-a-vis repositories as they relate to the current scope of Sakaibrary; remarks from Univ. of Cambridge initial experiments with Sakai and DSpace integration; and a report from the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching exploration of DSpace as candidate back-end and dissemination platform (non Sakai-related) for their KEEP Toolkit (see Technical Demos).
• [1] Univ. of Cambridge, CARET, "DSpace/Sakai Integration Report" • (draft May 16, 2006)