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GENERIC
NAME/TRA
DE NAME
CLASSIFICAT
ION
INDICATI
ON
MECHANIS
M OF
ACTION
ROUTE/FREQUENCY
/DOSAGE
ADVERSE
RXNS/SIDE
EFFECTS
DRUG-
DRUG,FOO
D-DRUG
INTERACTIO
N
NURSING
CONSIDERA
TIONS
Dopamine
Inotropin
Sympathomi
metic
Alpha-
adrenergic
agonist
Beta1
selective
adrenergic
agonist
Dopaminerg
ic drug
Correctio
n of
hemodyn
amic
imbalanc
es
present
in the
shock
syndrom
e due to
trauma
Drug acts
directly and
by the
release of
norepineph
rine from
sympatheti
c nerve
terminals;
dopaminer
gic
receptors
mediate
dilation of
vessels in
the renal
andsplanchinic
2-5 mcg/kg/min IV CV: ectopic
beats,
tachycardia,
angina pain,
palpitations,
hypotension,
vasoconstrictio
n, dyspnea,
bradycardia,
hypertension,
widened QRS
GI: nausea,
vomiting
Other:
headache,piloerection,
Drug-drug:
increased
effects with
MAOIs,
TCAs
(imipramin
e),
increased
risk of
hypertensio
n with
furazolidon
e,
methyldopa
, seizures,
hypotensio
n,bradycardia
Used only in
acute
emergency;
teaching
will depend
on patients
awareness
and will
relate
mainly to
patients
status and
monitors,
rather than
to drug.
Monitorurine flow,
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beds, which
maintains
renal
perfusion
and fxn;alpha
receptors,
which are
activated
by higher
doses of
dopamine,
mediate
vasoconstri
ction,
which can
override
the
vasodilatin
g effects;
beta1
receptorsmediate a
azotemia,
gangrene with
prolonged use
when
infused
with
phenytoin,
decreasedcardiostimu
lating
effects with
guanethidin
e
cardiac
output, and
BP closely
during
infusion.
Keep
phentolami
ne readily
available in
case
extravasatio
n occurs.
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positive
inotropic
effect on
the heart.
DigoxinLanoxin
Cardiacglycoside
Cardiotonic
Increasecontractil
ity for
burn
clients
Increasesintracellula
r calcium
and allows
more
calcium to
enter the
myocardial
cell during
depolarizati
on via a
sodium-
potassium
pump
mechanism
; this
increases
force ofcontraction
0.7-1.25 mg PO0.125-0.25 mg IV
CNS: headache,weakness,
drowsiness,
visual
disturbances,
mental status
change
CV: arrhythmias
GI: GI upset,
anorexia
Increasedtherapeutic
and toxic
effects of
digoxin
with
thioamines,
verapamil,
amiodarone
, quinidine,
quinine,
erythromyci
n,
cyclosporin
e, increased
incidence of
cardiac
arrhythmiaswith
Monitorapical pulse
for 1 min
before
administeri
ng; hold
dose if
pulse < 60 in
adult or >
90 in infant;
retake pulse
in 1 hr.
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(positive
inotropic
effect),
increases
renalperfusion
(seen as
diuretic
effect in
patients
with CHF),
decreases
heart rate
(negative
chronotrop
ic effect),
and
decreases
AV node
conduction
velocity.
potassium-
losing (loop
and
thiazide)
diuretics,increased
absorption
or
increased
bioavailabili
ty of oral
digoxin,
leading to
increased
effects with
tetracycline
s,
erythromyci
n
Morphinesulfate
Opioidagonist
Relief ofmoderate
Principalopium
10-30 mg q 4 hr PO. CNS: light-headedness,
Drug-drug:increased
Tell pt to liedown
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analgesic to severe
acute and
chronic
pain
alkaloid;
acts as
agonist at
specific
opioidreceptors
in the CNS
to produce
analgesia,
euphoria,
sedation;
the
receptors
mediating
these
effects are
thought to
be the
same as
those
mediating
the effectsof
dizziness,
sedation,
euphoria,
dysphoria,
delirium,insomnia,
agitation,
anxiety, fear
hallucinations,
disorientation,
drowsiness,
lethargy,
impaired
mental and
physical
performance,
coma, mood
changes,
weakness,
headache,
tremor,
seizures, miosis,visual
likelihood
of
respiratory
depression,
hypotension, profound
sedation or
coma in
patients
receiving
barbiturate
general
anesthetics,
risk of
toxicity if
combined
with
alcohol (ER
forms
especially
likely)
during IV
administrati
on
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endogenou
s opioids
(enkephalin
s,
endorphins).
disturbances,
suppression of
cough reflex
CV: facialflushing,
peripheral
circulatory
collapse,
tachycardia,
bradycardia,
arrhythmia,
palpitations,
chest wall
rigidity,
hypertension,
hypotension,
orthostatic
hypotension,
syncope
Dermatologic:pruritus,
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urticaria,
laryngospasm,
bronchospasm,
edema
GI: nausea,
vomiting, dry
mouth,
anorexia,
constipation,
biliary tract
spasm;
increased
colonic motility
in patients with
chronic
ulcerative
colitis
GU: ureteral
spasm, spasm
of vesicalsphincters,
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urinary
retention or
hesitancy,
oliguria,
antidiureticeffect, reduced
libido or
potency
Local: tissue
irritation and
induration (SQ
injection)
Hydromorp
hone
dilaudid
Opioid
agonist
analgesic
(phenanthre
ne)
Relief of
moderate
to severe
pain,
acute and
chronic
pain
Acts
agonist at
specific
opioid
receptors
in the CNS
to produce
analgesia,
euphoria,sedation;
Oral tablet, 2-4mg q
4-6 hr
CNS: light-
headedness,
dizziness,
sedation,
euphoria,
dysphoria,
delirium,
insomnia,
agitation,anxiety, fear
Drug-drug:
potentiatio
n of effects
of
hydromorp
hone with
barbiturate
anesthetics;
decreasedose of
Take drug
exactly as
prescribed
Ensure
opioid
antagonist
and
facilities forassisted or
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the
receptors
mediating
these
effects arethought to
be the
same as
those
mediating
the effects
of
endogenou
s opioids(enkephalin
s,
endorphins
).
hallucinations,
disorientation,
drowsiness,
lethargy,
impairedmental and
physical
performance,
coma, mood
changes,
weakness,
headache,
tremor,
seizures, miosis,visual
disturbances,
suppression of
cough reflex
CV: facial
flushing,
peripheralcirculatory
hydromorp
hone when
coadminist
ering
controlled
respiration
are readily
available
duringparenteral
administrati
on.
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collapse,
tachycardia,
bradycardia,
arrhythmia,
palpitations,chest wall
rigidity,
hypertension,
hypotension,
orthostatic
hypotension,
syncope
Dermatologic:pruritus,
urticaria,
laryngospasm,
bronchospasm,
edema
GI: nausea,
vomiting, drymouth,
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anorexia,
constipation,
biliary tract
spasm;
increasedcolonic motility
in patients with
chronic
ulcerative
colitis
GU: ureteral
spasm, spasm
of vesicalsphincters,
urinary
retention or
hesitancy,
oliguria,
antidiuretic
effect, reduced
libido orpotency
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Hypersensitivity
: anaphylactoid
rxns (IV
administration)
Local: phlebitis
following IV
injection pain at
ijection site;
tissue irritation
and induration
(SQ injection)
Pentobarbital sodium
Nembutal,
novopento
barb
BarbiturateSedative or
hypnotic
antiepileptic
Sedative,parenter
al
GeneralCNS
depressant;
barbiturate
s inhibit
impulse
conduction
in the
ascendingRAS,
20 mg tid-qid PO CNS:somnolence,
agitation,
confusion,
hyperkinesias,
ataxia, vertigo,
CNS depression,
nightmares,
lethargy,residual
Drug-drug:increased
CNS
depression
with
alcohol,
increased
nephrotoxic
ity withmethoxyflu
Do not tryto get up
after you
have
received
this drug,
this drug
will make
you drowsyand less
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depress the
cerebral
cortex,
alter
cerebellar
function,
depress
motor
output, and
can
produce
excitation,
sedation,
hypnosis,anesthesia,
and deep
coma; at
anesthetic
doses,
hasantiseiz
ure activity.
sedation
(hangover),
paradoxical
excitement,
nervousness,
psychiatric
disturbance,
hallucinations,
insomnia,
anxiety,
dizziness,
thinking
abnormality
CV:
bradycardia,
hypotension,
syncope
GI: nausea,
vomiting,
constipation,diarrhea,
rane,
decreased
effects of
these
drugs: oral
anticoagula
nts,
corticostero
ids,
hormonal
contracepti
ves and
estrogens,
beta-adrenergic
blockers
anxious.
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epigastric pain
Hypersensitivity
: rashes,
angioneurotoxi
c edema, serum
sickness,
morbiliform
rash, urticaria;
rarely,
exfoliative
dermatitis,
Local: pain,tissue necrosis
at injection site,
gangrene;
arterial spasm
with
inadvertent
intra-arterial
injection;thrombophlebit
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is; permanent
neurologic
deficit if
injected near a
nerve
Respi:
hypoventilation
,apnea,
respiratory
depression,
laryngospasm,
bronchospasm,
circulatorycollapse
Gentamicin
Garamycin,
Alcomicin
Aminoglycos
ide
Preventio
n for
infection
for burn
clients
Bactericidal
: inhibits
protein
synthesis in
susceptible
strains of
gram-negative
3 mg/kg/day in
three equal doses q
8 hr IM or IV.
CNS:
ototoxicity-
tinnitus,
dizziness,
ertigo, deafness
(partially
reversible toirreversible),
Drug-drug:
increased
ototoxic,
nephrotoxic
, neurotoxic
effects with
otheraminoglyco
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bacteria;
appears to
disrupt
functional
integrity of
bacterial
cell
membrane,
causing cell
death.
vestibular
paralysis,
confusion,
disorientation,
depression,
lethargy,
nystagmus,
visual
disturbances,
headache,
numbness,
tingling,
tremor,
paresthesias,muscle
twitching,
seizures,
muscular
weakness,
neuromuscular
blockade
CV:
sides,
cephalothin
, potent
diuretics,
cephalospo
rins,
vancomycin
,
methoxyflu
rane,
enflurane,
increased
neuromusc
ularblocking
drugs,
succinylchol
ine, citrate-
anticoagula
ted blood
potentioal
inactivationof both
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palpitations,
hypotension,
hypertension
GI: hepatic
tocxicity,
nausea,
vomiting,
anorexia,
weight loss,
stomatitis,
increased
salivation
GU:
nephrotoxicity
drugs if
mixed with
beta-
lactam-type
antibiotics,
increased
bactericidal
effect with
penicillins,
cephalospo
rins