![Page 1: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Drinking Water
6 March 2013
Andy CaseCEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM
![Page 2: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
About me
Run Case Environmental, Teignmouth based environmental consultancy established in 2009 www.caseenvironmental.co.uk
Worked in the water and environmental industry for over 10 years, including South West Water and the National Trust
Work across Devon & Cornwall and further afield looking at mainly private water supplies and related issues.
![Page 3: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Water – The Facts
70% of the surface of the Earth is water98 % sea water1.5 % ice0.4 % found in aquifers, rivers & lakes0.1 % atmosphere, plants & animals
![Page 4: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Clean Water
800 million don’t have access to clean water3.5 million die of drinking water related illness each year700,000 of these are children – approximately 2000 per
dayIn developing countries half of all hospital beds are filled
with people suffering from poor quality water & sanitation.
![Page 5: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sources
RiversReservoirsGroundwater (springs, wells and boreholes)
What about sea water?
![Page 6: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sources - GroundwaterSpring
Borehole
Well
![Page 7: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Source to tap?
££££
Reservoir Town
Meter
![Page 8: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Typical Mains Water Treatment for Surface Sources
Inlet
Flash mixer Clarifier Sand filter Carbon filter
Chlorine contact tank
Coagulant added
pH corrected
Chlorine added
Phosphoric acid added
pH corrected
To final water tank and distribution
![Page 9: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Source Water QualityHeavy rain - spate conditionsRun-off from fields – animal waste, fertilisers, pesticidesOperation of combined sewer overflowsDiffuse pollution – pesticide degradates, nitrateIndustrial pollutionFuel/chemical spillsAlgal bloomsSaline intrusion
![Page 10: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Source Water QuantityNeeded most when less is availableAreas with the least rain have the biggest
demand for waterMost rain falls in winterMinimum abstraction levelsRecharge rates for aquifers
![Page 11: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Water Supply in the South West
Big population variation, in summer some areas can doubleSeasonal rain fall expectationsTopography
33% of the countries coastline2.5% of the populationOver 30 water treatment works600 sewage treatment plants
![Page 12: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Drinking Water & Climate ChangeMany issues already surrounding production and
distribution of drinking waterVery power & chemical intensive to operate & supply – if
oil/gas supplies stopped we’d have no waterImportance of sustainable water management;
- SUDs, allowing aquifers to recharge, limit run-off- Land management (chemicals, crops, livestock etc)- Water security.
![Page 13: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Water UseWater use has increased from 90 litres per person to 180
litres per person in 50 years – why?
People want to be cleanerAppliances such as dish washers & washing machinesGardeningIncreased car ownership
![Page 14: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Domestic Water Use
![Page 15: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Water Saving MeasuresShowering – reduce time, fit aerator to showerheadUse washing machines/dishwashers only when fullInvest in efficient goodsBowl in sink (washing, food preparation)Modern toilet/water saving deviceCheck for leaks – not just taps but toilet overflowsGarden – grow plants that require little water, protect
from wind & sunOutside – avoid using the hosepipe
![Page 16: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Alternative Water Sources – Rain?
Roof collectionAverage roof size of 80m2
Average rain fall in South West UK 800mm per m2
Annual amount 64 m3
Other points of collection?Patios/drivesOutbuildings
![Page 17: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Rain WaterBenefitsNaturally cleanReduce run-off/flooding, contribute to sustainable urban drainagePotential saving £150/yearReduce demand on mains
ProblemsAcidic – pH correction or plastic plumbing neededMaintenanceCan collect debris/detritus from roof – first flush neededPosition of tank to be usefulStorage & potential bacterial concernsTechnically need to inform SWW so they can charge you sewerage
![Page 18: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Alternative Water – Grey WaterEither partially treated water or previously used waterLimited uses due to qualityRequire modification of existing plumbingTreatment required, cost implication, servicingPotentially harmful to plants and environment depending
on previous useMicrobiological issues with use – legionella etc.
![Page 19: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Way forward?
Encourage rainwater harvesting in new builds?Sustainable Urban Drainage?Variable rate billing?
Wash less?
![Page 20: Drinking Water 6 March 2013 Andy Case CEnv C.WEM BSc (Hons) MCIWEM](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f315503460f94c4c152/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Questions?