![Page 1: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DRILLINGDRILLINGMACHINE TOOLMACHINE TOOL
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
DRILLINGDRILLINGMACHINE TOOLMACHINE TOOL
V.GunasegaranV.GunasegaranAssistant Professor
Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of Mechanical Sciences
BSAU, Chennai - 48
![Page 2: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction to DrillingIntroduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation
through which a drilledhole (round hole) isproduced in a job
Cutting tool: twist drillor drill bit
Machine tool: Drillingmachine or drill press
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Drilling is an operationthrough which a drilledhole (round hole) isproduced in a job
Cutting tool: twist drillor drill bit
Machine tool: Drillingmachine or drill press
![Page 3: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Photography of Drill pressPhotography of Drill press
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 4: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of holesTypes of holes
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
(a) through-hole (b) blind hole
![Page 5: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Drilling machinesTypes of Drilling machinesDrill press / Pillar drilling m/cUp-Right drilling machineHand drillingPilot drilling / Portable drillingRadial drillingMulti spindle drillingGang drilling
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Drill press / Pillar drilling m/cUp-Right drilling machineHand drillingPilot drilling / Portable drillingRadial drillingMulti spindle drillingGang drilling
![Page 6: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Drill press machineDrill press machine
The work piece is heldstationary ie. Clampedin position and the drillrotates to make a hole
Drill holes from 1.5 to15mm
Operator senses thecutting action
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
The work piece is heldstationary ie. Clampedin position and the drillrotates to make a hole
Drill holes from 1.5 to15mm
Operator senses thecutting action
![Page 7: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 8: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
UpUp--Right Drilling MachineRight Drilling Machine
Drill holesupto 50mm
Table canmovevertically andradially
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Drill holesupto 50mm
Table canmovevertically andradially
![Page 9: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hand drillHand drill
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 10: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pilot drillPilot drill
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 11: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Radial drilling machineRadial drilling machine
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 12: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Contd.,Contd., It the largest
and mostversatile usedfro drillingmedium tolarge andheavy workpieces
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
It the largestand mostversatile usedfro drillingmedium tolarge andheavy workpieces
![Page 13: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Multi Spindle drillingMulti Spindle drilling
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 14: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Gang drillingGang drilling
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 15: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Drilling OperationDrilling Operation
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 16: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Belt drive systemBelt drive system
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 17: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tool Holding devicesTool Holding devices Drills and similar tools with
parallel shanks are held ina drill chuck.
By rotating the outersleeve, the jaws can beopened and closed.
To ensure maximum grip,the chuck should betightened using the correctsize of chuck key. Thisprevents the drill fromspinning during use andchewing up the drill shank
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Drills and similar tools withparallel shanks are held ina drill chuck.
By rotating the outersleeve, the jaws can beopened and closed.
To ensure maximum grip,the chuck should betightened using the correctsize of chuck key. Thisprevents the drill fromspinning during use andchewing up the drill shank
Drill bit is only gripped by the shank
![Page 18: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Holding taper shank drills Strike here to remove
![Page 19: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Work holding devicesWork holding devices
Step BlocksClampsV-BlocksAnglesJigsT- Slots Bolt
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Step BlocksClampsV-BlocksAnglesJigsT- Slots Bolt
![Page 20: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Twist drillTwist drill
The twist drill or drill bit is made fromHigh Speed Steel, tempered to givemaximum hardness throughout theparallel cutting portion.Flutes are incorporated to carry away
the chips of metal and the outsidesurface is relieved to produce a cuttingedge along the leading side of eachflute.
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
The twist drill or drill bit is made fromHigh Speed Steel, tempered to givemaximum hardness throughout theparallel cutting portion.Flutes are incorporated to carry away
the chips of metal and the outsidesurface is relieved to produce a cuttingedge along the leading side of eachflute.
![Page 21: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Basic difference in twist drillBasic difference in twist drill
Fit in chuck
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Fit direct into spindle
![Page 22: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
NomenclatureNomenclature
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 23: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 24: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Other cuttersOther cutters Reamers Multi tooth cutting tool Accurate way of sizing and finishing the
pre-existing hole Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved
Boring Tool Single point cutting tool Boring tool is held in the boring bar which
has the shank Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Reamers Multi tooth cutting tool Accurate way of sizing and finishing the
pre-existing hole Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved
Boring Tool Single point cutting tool Boring tool is held in the boring bar which
has the shank Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved
![Page 25: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Contd.,Contd., Countersinks Special angled cone shaped enlargement
at the end of the hole Cutting edges at the end of conical surface Cone angles of 60°, 82°, 90°, 100°, 110°,
120°
Counter Bore Tool Special cutters uses a pilot to guide the
cutting action Accommodates the heads of bolts
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Countersinks Special angled cone shaped enlargement
at the end of the hole Cutting edges at the end of conical surface Cone angles of 60°, 82°, 90°, 100°, 110°,
120°
Counter Bore Tool Special cutters uses a pilot to guide the
cutting action Accommodates the heads of bolts
![Page 26: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
Tapping tool Tool called a tap Multi cutting
edge tool Minor dia of the
thread is drilledand then tappingis done
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Tapping tool Tool called a tap Multi cutting
edge tool Minor dia of the
thread is drilledand then tappingis done
![Page 27: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Drill MaterialsDrill MaterialsThe two most common types are
1. HSS drill• Low cost
2. Carbide- tipped drills• high production and in CNC machines
3. Other types• Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbide
coated masonry drills, parabolic drills, splitpoint drill
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
The two most common types are1. HSS drill
• Low cost2. Carbide- tipped drills
• high production and in CNC machines3. Other types
• Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbidecoated masonry drills, parabolic drills, splitpoint drill
![Page 28: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Other OperationsOther Operations
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Other OperationsOther Operations
![Page 29: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A reamer enters the workpiece axially
and enlarges an existing hole to the
diameter of the tool
A reamer is a multi-point tool that has
many flutes, which may be straight or
in a helix
Reaming removes a minimal amount of
material and is often performed after
drilling to obtain both a more accurate
diameter and asmoother internal finish
ReamingReaming
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
A reamer enters the workpiece axially
and enlarges an existing hole to the
diameter of the tool
A reamer is a multi-point tool that has
many flutes, which may be straight or
in a helix
Reaming removes a minimal amount of
material and is often performed after
drilling to obtain both a more accurate
diameter and asmoother internal finish
![Page 30: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
BoringBoring
Operation of enlarging
and truing drilled hole
with single point cutting
tool
For producing special
diameter hole
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Operation of enlarging
and truing drilled hole
with single point cutting
tool
For producing special
diameter hole
![Page 31: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
CountersinkingCountersinking A countersink tool enlarges the top
portion of an existing hole to a cone-
shaped opening.
Countersinking is performed after drilling
to provide space for the head of a
fastener, such as a screw, to sit flush with
the workpiece surface.
Common included angles for a
countersink include 60, 82, 90, 100, 118,
and 120 degrees
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
A countersink tool enlarges the top
portion of an existing hole to a cone-
shaped opening.
Countersinking is performed after drilling
to provide space for the head of a
fastener, such as a screw, to sit flush with
the workpiece surface.
Common included angles for a
countersink include 60, 82, 90, 100, 118,
and 120 degrees
![Page 32: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
CounterboringCounterboring A counterbore tool enlarges the top
portion of an existing hole to the
diameter of the tool.
Counterboring is often performed
after drilling to provide space for the
head of a fastener, such as a bolt, to
sit flush with the workpiece surface.
The counterboring tool has a pilot on
the end to guide it straight into the
existing hole
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
A counterbore tool enlarges the top
portion of an existing hole to the
diameter of the tool.
Counterboring is often performed
after drilling to provide space for the
head of a fastener, such as a bolt, to
sit flush with the workpiece surface.
The counterboring tool has a pilot on
the end to guide it straight into the
existing hole
![Page 33: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Used to provide internal
screw threads on an
existing hole
Tapping is performed
either by hand or by
machine
TappingTapping
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Used to provide internal
screw threads on an
existing hole
Tapping is performed
either by hand or by
machine
![Page 34: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Spot facingSpot facing Spot facing provides a seat or flat surface at the
entrance and surrounding area of a hole This flat surface allows the bottom of a screw or
bolt to seat squarely with the material Spot facing is commonly done on castings where
irregular surfaces are found Spot facing may be performed on a drill press
with a counterbore of suitable size for theoperation
A proper size pilot must be used whenever thisis done on the drill press
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Spot facing provides a seat or flat surface at theentrance and surrounding area of a hole
This flat surface allows the bottom of a screw orbolt to seat squarely with the material
Spot facing is commonly done on castings whereirregular surfaces are found
Spot facing may be performed on a drill presswith a counterbore of suitable size for theoperation
A proper size pilot must be used whenever thisis done on the drill press
![Page 35: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
spotface
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
spotface
![Page 36: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Deep hole drillingDeep hole drilling Deep hole drilling is the machining of holes with a
relatively large depth to diameter ratio.
Whereas normal drilling techniques produce holeswhere the depth is rarely more than five times thediameter
In deep hole drilling the ratio may reach 150:1, andany hole deeper than ten times the diameter shouldcertainly be considered a deep hole, requiring aspecialized drilling technique
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Deep hole drilling is the machining of holes with arelatively large depth to diameter ratio.
Whereas normal drilling techniques produce holeswhere the depth is rarely more than five times thediameter
In deep hole drilling the ratio may reach 150:1, andany hole deeper than ten times the diameter shouldcertainly be considered a deep hole, requiring aspecialized drilling technique
![Page 37: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 38: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
BROACHINGBROACHINGMACHINE TOOLMACHINE TOOL
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
BROACHINGBROACHINGMACHINE TOOLMACHINE TOOL
![Page 39: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Introduction toIntroduction to BroachingBroachingBroaching is a machining process for
removal of a layer of material ofdesired width and depth
Usually in one stroke by a slender rodor bar type cutter having a series ofcutting edges with gradually increasedprotrusion
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Broaching is a machining process forremoval of a layer of material ofdesired width and depth
Usually in one stroke by a slender rodor bar type cutter having a series ofcutting edges with gradually increasedprotrusion
![Page 40: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Photography of BroachPhotography of Broach
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 41: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Principle of BroachingPrinciple of Broaching In shaper, attaining full depth requires a number of
strokes to remove the material in thin layers step – by– step by gradually infeeding the single point tool
Whereas, broaching enables remove the wholematerial in one stroke only by the gradually risingteeth of the cutter called broach
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
In shaper, attaining full depth requires a number ofstrokes to remove the material in thin layers step – by– step by gradually infeeding the single point tool
Whereas, broaching enables remove the wholematerial in one stroke only by the gradually risingteeth of the cutter called broach
![Page 42: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Broaching machineBroaching machine
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 43: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
ClassificationsClassifications
According to purpose of use– general purpose– single purpose– special purpose
According to nature of work– internal broaching– external (surface) broaching
According to configuration– horizontal– vertical
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
According to purpose of use– general purpose– single purpose– special purpose
According to nature of work– internal broaching– external (surface) broaching
According to configuration– horizontal– vertical
![Page 44: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
According to number of slides or stations– single station type– multiple station type– indexing type
According to tool / work motion– intermittent (one job at a time) type– continuous type
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
According to number of slides or stations– single station type– multiple station type– indexing type
According to tool / work motion– intermittent (one job at a time) type– continuous type
![Page 45: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Horizontal machineHorizontal machine Horizontal broaching machines are the most versatile in
application and performance and hence are most widelyemployed for various types of production. These are used forinternal broaching but external broaching work are alsopossible. The horizontal broaching machines are usuallyhydraulically driven and occupies large floor space.
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Horizontal broaching machines are the most versatile inapplication and performance and hence are most widelyemployed for various types of production. These are used forinternal broaching but external broaching work are alsopossible. The horizontal broaching machines are usuallyhydraulically driven and occupies large floor space.
![Page 46: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Vertical MachineVertical Machine
Vertical broachingmachines– occupies less floor
space– are more rigid as the
ram is supported by base– mostly used for external
or surface broachingthough internal broachingis also possible andoccasionally done.
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Vertical broachingmachines– occupies less floor
space– are more rigid as the
ram is supported by base– mostly used for external
or surface broachingthough internal broachingis also possible andoccasionally done.
![Page 47: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Continuous machineContinuous machine Broaching operation and broaching machines
are as such high productive but its speed ofproduction is further enhanced by;– incorporating automation in tool – job mounting
and releasing– increasing number of workstations or slides for
simultaneous multiple production– quick changing the broach by turret indexing– continuity of working
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Broaching operation and broaching machinesare as such high productive but its speed ofproduction is further enhanced by;– incorporating automation in tool – job mounting
and releasing– increasing number of workstations or slides for
simultaneous multiple production– quick changing the broach by turret indexing– continuity of working
![Page 48: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 49: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Broach constructionBroach constructionConstruction of cutting tool is
characterized mainly by
Configuration
Material
Cutting edge geometry
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Construction of cutting tool ischaracterized mainly by
Configuration
Material
Cutting edge geometry
![Page 50: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
ConfigurationConfiguration
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 51: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Contd.,Contd., Both pull and push type broaches are made
in the form of slender rods One or more rows of cutting teeth with
increasing height (and width occasionally) Push type broaches are subjected to
compressive load and hence are madeshorter in length to avoid buckling
The general configuration of pull typebroaches, which are widely used forenlarging and finishing preformed holes
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Both pull and push type broaches are madein the form of slender rods
One or more rows of cutting teeth withincreasing height (and width occasionally)
Push type broaches are subjected tocompressive load and hence are madeshorter in length to avoid buckling
The general configuration of pull typebroaches, which are widely used forenlarging and finishing preformed holes
![Page 52: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Geometry of broaching teethGeometry of broaching teeth
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 53: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Material of broachMaterial of broach Being a cutting tool, broaches are also made of
materials having the usual cutting tool materialproperties, i.e., high strength, hardness,toughness and good heat and wear resistance
Broaches are mostly made of HSS (high speedsteel)
Cemented carbide segments (assembled) orreplaceable inserts are also used for strongerand harder work materials.
TiN coated carbides provide much longer toollife in broaching
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Being a cutting tool, broaches are also made ofmaterials having the usual cutting tool materialproperties, i.e., high strength, hardness,toughness and good heat and wear resistance
Broaches are mostly made of HSS (high speedsteel)
Cemented carbide segments (assembled) orreplaceable inserts are also used for strongerand harder work materials.
TiN coated carbides provide much longer toollife in broaching
![Page 54: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Classification of broachesClassification of broachesBroaches can be broadly classified in
several aspects such as,– Internal broaching / External broaching
– Pull type / Push type
– Ordinary cut / Progressive type
– Solid, Sectional / Modular type
– Profile sharpened / form relieved type
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Broaches can be broadly classified inseveral aspects such as,– Internal broaching / External broaching
– Pull type / Push type
– Ordinary cut / Progressive type
– Solid, Sectional / Modular type
– Profile sharpened / form relieved type
![Page 55: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Internal broachesInternal broaches
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 56: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
External broachesExternal broaches
External broaching tools may be bothpull and push type.
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
External broaching tools may be bothpull and push type.
![Page 57: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
OrdinaryOrdinary –– cut andcut andProgressive type broachProgressive type broach
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 58: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Solid, sectional and modularSolid, sectional and modulartype broachestype broaches
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 59: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Selection of broachSelection of broach
There are various types of broachesavailable. The appropriate one has to beselected based on– type of the job; size, shape and material– geometry and volume of work material to
be removed from the job– desired length of stroke and the broach– type of the broaching machines available
or to be used
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
There are various types of broachesavailable. The appropriate one has to beselected based on– type of the job; size, shape and material– geometry and volume of work material to
be removed from the job– desired length of stroke and the broach– type of the broaching machines available
or to be used
![Page 60: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Selection of broachingSelection of broachingmachinemachine Broaching machine has to be selected based
on– The type, size and method of clamping of the
broach to be used– Size, shape and material of the workpiece– Strength, power and rigidity required for
the broaching machine to provide thedesired productivity and process capability.
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Broaching machine has to be selected basedon– The type, size and method of clamping of the
broach to be used– Size, shape and material of the workpiece– Strength, power and rigidity required for
the broaching machine to provide thedesired productivity and process capability.
![Page 61: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Broaching procedureBroaching procedureSelection of broach and broaching
machineMounting and clamping the broach in the
broaching machine Fixing workpiece in the machinePlanning tool - work motionsSelection of the levels of the process
parameters and their settingConducting machining by the broach
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Selection of broach and broachingmachineMounting and clamping the broach in the
broaching machine Fixing workpiece in the machinePlanning tool - work motionsSelection of the levels of the process
parameters and their settingConducting machining by the broach
![Page 62: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
AAdvantagesdvantages Very high production rate High dimensional and form accuracy and
surface finish of the product Roughing and finishing in single stroke of the
same cutter Needs only one motion (cutting), so design,
construction, operation and control aresimpler
Extremely suitable and economic for massproduction
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Very high production rate High dimensional and form accuracy and
surface finish of the product Roughing and finishing in single stroke of the
same cutter Needs only one motion (cutting), so design,
construction, operation and control aresimpler
Extremely suitable and economic for massproduction
![Page 63: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
LimitationsLimitations Only through holes and surfaces can be
machined Usable only for light cuts, i.e. low chip load and
unhard materials Cutting speed cannot be high Defects or damages in the broach (cutting edges)
severely affect product quality Separate broach has to be procured and used
whenever size, shape and geometry of the jobchanges
Economic only when the production volume is large.V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Only through holes and surfaces can bemachined
Usable only for light cuts, i.e. low chip load andunhard materials
Cutting speed cannot be high Defects or damages in the broach (cutting edges)
severely affect product quality Separate broach has to be procured and used
whenever size, shape and geometry of the jobchanges
Economic only when the production volume is large.
![Page 64: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
GEAR CUTTINGGEAR CUTTING
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 65: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Introduction to GearIntroduction to GearManufacturingManufacturing Gear manufacturing refers to the making of
gears Gears are widely used in various
mechanisms and devices to transmit powerand motion positively (without slip)– without change in the direction of rotation– with change in the direction of rotation– without change of speed (of rotation)– with change in speed at any desired ratio
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Gear manufacturing refers to the making ofgears
Gears are widely used in variousmechanisms and devices to transmit powerand motion positively (without slip)– without change in the direction of rotation– with change in the direction of rotation– without change of speed (of rotation)– with change in speed at any desired ratio
![Page 66: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Feature of gear and teethFeature of gear and teethprofileprofile
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 67: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Gear TerminologyGear Terminology
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 68: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Types of GearTypes of Gear
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 69: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 70: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 71: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 72: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Specification Of GearsSpecification Of Gears
Gears are generally specified by their– Type; e.g. spur, bevel, spiral etc.– Material– Size or dimensions– Geometry– Special features, if any
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Gears are generally specified by their– Type; e.g. spur, bevel, spiral etc.– Material– Size or dimensions– Geometry– Special features, if any
![Page 73: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
MaterialsMaterials
Gray cast ironNodular and ductile cast iron( Good
casting property )Carburizing steelNitride steelBronzeNon-metals as plastics, reinforced
laminatesV.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Gray cast ironNodular and ductile cast iron( Good
casting property )Carburizing steelNitride steelBronzeNon-metals as plastics, reinforced
laminates
![Page 74: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Gear ManufacturingGear ManufacturingProcessesProcesses1. Machining2. Casting3. Stamping4. Coining5. Cold Drawing6. Rolling7. Extrusion8. Powder metallurgy9. Plastic Moulding
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
1. Machining2. Casting3. Stamping4. Coining5. Cold Drawing6. Rolling7. Extrusion8. Powder metallurgy9. Plastic Moulding
![Page 75: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Machining (Gear Cutting)Machining (Gear Cutting)There are three machining processes
for gear manufacturing ,Form Cutting
- Same profile cutters are used
Generating Process- Combination of straight movement of tool and
rotation of work piece by spindle
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
There are three machining processesfor gear manufacturing ,Form Cutting
- Same profile cutters are used
Generating Process- Combination of straight movement of tool and
rotation of work piece by spindle
![Page 76: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Form CuttingForm Cutting In Form cutting tool or cutter having
profile corresponding to the tooth space.
Accuracy depends on accuracy ofcutter.
Example : Spur ,helical and bevel gear
Machine tool: Milling and Broaching
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
In Form cutting tool or cutter havingprofile corresponding to the tooth space.
Accuracy depends on accuracy ofcutter.
Example : Spur ,helical and bevel gear
Machine tool: Milling and Broaching
![Page 77: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 78: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Form millingForm milling
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 79: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
BroachingBroaching
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 80: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Generating processGenerating process
Gear shaping (pinion cutter)
Gear planing (Rack cutter)
Gear hobbing
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Gear shaping (pinion cutter)
Gear planing (Rack cutter)
Gear hobbing
![Page 81: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Gear ShapingGear Shaping
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 82: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 83: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
GearGear PlaningPlaning
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 84: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 85: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
GearGear hobbinghobbing
Hobbing is a process of generating a gearusing a rotating tool called “Hob”
The hob has helical threads The threads have grooves cut parallel to the
axis to provide cutting edges The gear teeth are cut into the workpiece by
a series of cuts made by the hob It is the most widely used gear cutting
process for creating spur and helical gears
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Hobbing is a process of generating a gearusing a rotating tool called “Hob”
The hob has helical threads The threads have grooves cut parallel to the
axis to provide cutting edges The gear teeth are cut into the workpiece by
a series of cuts made by the hob It is the most widely used gear cutting
process for creating spur and helical gears
![Page 86: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
HobsHobs
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 87: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Gear generation processGear generation process
Both the hob and the workpiece revolveconstantly as the hob is fed across the facewidth of the gear blank.
They rotate in a timed relationship A proportional feed rate is maintained
between the gear blank and the hob Several teeth are cut on a progressive basis It is used for high production runs
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
Both the hob and the workpiece revolveconstantly as the hob is fed across the facewidth of the gear blank.
They rotate in a timed relationship A proportional feed rate is maintained
between the gear blank and the hob Several teeth are cut on a progressive basis It is used for high production runs
![Page 88: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 89: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Contd.,Contd.,
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48
![Page 90: DRILLING MACHINE TOOL · Introduction to Drilling Drilling is an operation through which a drilled hole (round hole) is produced in a job Cutting tool: twist drill or drill bit Machine](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062402/5e5b4ee9fb943734047b53fe/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Gear generation comparisonGear generation comparison
V.Gunasegaran, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, BSACIST, Chennai - 48